Hasil untuk "Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention"

Qishen Ye, Yihai Fang, Nan Zheng

Amitai Y. Bin-Nun, Cristhian Lizarazo, Anthony Panasci et al.

Edda Maria Capodaglio, Federica Amitrano, Armando Coccia et al.

Industrial wool textile production exposes workers mainly to the biomechanical loading of the shoulder joint. In this work context, which is characterized by poor machine ergonomics, exposure to biomechanical risk factors, and variable work organization, exoskeletons could facilitate work processes or could be a valuable means to protect workers from overuse injuries. Field evaluation is essential to verify the suitability of specific devices and their acceptance by users. As part of a pilot study, we examined the short-term subjective effects of a passive Arm-Support Exoskeleton (ASE) on workers performing repetitive overhead tasks. In a textile factory, eight workers participated in the study, answering questionnaires after carrying out a work session with (ASE) and without an exoskeleton (FREE). Participants had been using the Paexo exoskeleton for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>4.2</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>5.8</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> months (min 0–max 12). Subjective evaluations were collected regarding the workload (NASA-TLX) and relief (Borg’s CR10 scale) obtained from the use of the exoskeleton, satisfaction (Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST)), usability (System Usability Scale (SUS)), and opinions on the ergonomics of the device (Ergonomics questionnaire). Workers reported a high workload (NASA <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>7.2</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>1.0</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and assessed a 46% reduction in effort on the CR10 in ASE conditions compared to FREE. They expressed high satisfaction with most characteristics of the ASE (100% satisfied with durability and effectiveness), high level of usability (62% of scores above 80, out of a maximum score of 100), and ergonomics of the device (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>88</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>12</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, out of a maximum score of 110). In addition to the objective effects (electromyography (EMG) reduction) already demonstrated in a previous publication, these qualitative results demonstrate a positive perception by textile workers regarding the effectiveness, usability, and suitability of the exoskeleton. The adoption of ASE in the textile industry appears beneficial in the short term, but the impact associated with individual variables and long-term effects remains to be explored.

Andika Savira Putri, Endang Dwiyanti, Ahmad Rido'i Yuda Prayogi et al.

Introduction: Work fatigue can be caused of excessive workload and work capacity such as age and tenure. This study aimed to analyze the strength of the correlation between individual factors and mental workload with work fatigue on the Surabaya Patchouli Terminal crane operator. Methods: The study design is a cross sectional. The sampling technique taken was total sampling so that all populations were a sample of 30 people, consisting of CC and RTG operators in Nilam Terminal Surabaya. The independent variables are individual factors including age and years of service obtained from the questionnaire, mental workload which is assessed based on the NASA-TLX questionnaire, while the dependent variable is work fatigue measured using a reaction timer. The collected data were then analyzed using the Spearman correlation. Results: The results show 23 operators (76.7%) experienced heavy work fatigue and 7 operators (23.3%) experienced moderate work fatigue. Conclusion: The strongest correlation is mental workload with work fatigue and the weakest correlation is age with work fatigue. Meanwhile, correlation tenure with work fatigue is in between. It is recommended to provide psychological consultation once a week for operators.

Irlangga Wisnu Wardana, Ahmad Rido'i Yuda Prayogi, Dani Nasirul Haqi et al.

Introduction: Workers of swallow nest industry are at risk of experiencing musculoskeletal disorders due to monotonous swallow nest cleaning activity which puts heavy load on their extremity area of the upper body. This research seeks to analyze the relationships of age, gender, nutritional status, exercise habits, working hours, and working position with complaints of musculoskeletal disorders in swallow nest cleaning workers at PT. Lentera Alam Nusantara. Method: This type of research uses observational with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all workers in the cleaning and washing section of swallow nests at PT. Lentera Alam Nusantara Surabaya, totaling 50 people. Determination of the number of samples using simple random sampling lemmeshow formula, obtained a sample of 36 workers. Results: The majority of workers are 35 years old, female, obese nutritional status, rarely exercise, have 8 hours of work, moderate work position, and the majority have moderate muculoskeletal complaints. Based on the analysis test results using the spearman test, it shows that the factors that have a significant p-value <0.05 include ages, gender, nutrition status, exercise habits, and working hours. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between age, gender, nutrition status, exercise habits, and working hours with complaints of musculoskeletal disorders.

Nadia Abdelhamid Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed, Bahadur Ali Soomro

On the one hand, in the present era, construction companies are one of Egypt’s fastest-growing industries and provide significant economic returns. On the other hand, construction industries significantly put individuals in danger of accidental death. In this study, the researchers examined the factors that affect Occupational Safety (OCS) measures among women engineers working in Egypt’s construction industries. This is a quantitative study that used cross-sectional data, and the researchers used 376 usable samples. By applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this study’s findings demonstrate that the Work Environment (WEN), Personal Protection (PP), Training and Education of Safety Skills (TESS), Familiarity with Safety Regulations (FSR) and Safety Commitment (SCT) influence OCS. This study’s findings will help policymakers and planners design effective safety policies on construction sites. This study’s findings about adopting precautionary and safety measures will help reduce the death rates on Egypt’s construction sites. Finally, particularly in developing countries, this study’s findings will contribute to the health and safety and environment and health literature.

Catherine E. Neubauer, Gerald Matthews, Erika P. De Los Santos

Safety researchers increasingly recognize the impacts of task-induced fatigue on vehicle driving behavior. The current study (N = 180) explored the use of a multidimensional fatigue measure, the Driver Fatigue Questionnaire (DFQ), to test the impacts of vehicle automation, secondary media use, and driver personality on fatigue states and performance in a driving simulator. Secondary media included a trivia game and a cellphone conversation. Simulated driving induced large-magnitude fatigue states in participants, including tiredness, confusion, coping through self-comforting, and muscular symptoms. Consistent with previous laboratory and field studies, dispositional fatigue proneness predicted increases in state fatigue during the drive, especially tiredness, irrespective of automation level and secondary media. Similar to previous studies, automation slowed braking response to the emergency event following takeover but did not affect fatigue. Secondary media use relieved subjective fatigue and improved lateral control but did not affect emergency braking. Confusion was, surprisingly, associated with faster braking, and tiredness was associated with impaired control of lateral position of the vehicle. These associations were not moderated by the experimental factors. Overall, data support the use of multidimensional assessments of both fatigue symptoms and information-processing components for evaluating safety impacts of interventions for fatigue.

Eshagh ARIANMEHR, Zahra SABZI, Faezeh ABBAS GOHARI et al.

Introduction: Occupational accidents not only reduce social credibility and impose a heavy economic burden on the organization, but also cause fatalities and disability among personnel. This study aims to assess risk and review safety promotion guidelines in railway construction projects. Methods: This study investigated the safety status of Tehran-Karaj railway construction and increasing lines project in four phases, including infrastructure, technical buildings, superstructure, and joint activities. The data were gathered by reviewing project safety documentation, reported accidents, and risk assessment results by failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) method. Risks were categorized based on control ability at three levels, including low, moderate, and high levels. Control measures were prioritized based on the risk coverage percentage, cost, implementation time, and effectiveness. Results: In total, 377 risks were identified, 19.9%, 61.2%, and 18.9% of which were in the low, moderate, and high levels, respectively. The most frequently identified risks and the highest rate of accidents were related to technical buildings (42.2%) and superstructure (36.6%) phases, respectively. In terms of consequence, the most severe accident occurred in the infrastructure phase within the contractors' scope of action. Falling from height was identified as the greatest threat against the project, and collapsing, falling, and hitting with materials as the key cause of the accident. It was found that controlling 39.8% of the risks could avert 73.3% of the project occupational accidents. Conclusion: The findings reveal the major role of senior management commitment to safety and emphasis on control measures, including implementing safety program training, increasing visits, and safety inspection, as well as implementing a permit to work system in all operational phases.

Martina SKLENÁROVÁ, Petr ŠTROCH, Aleš BERNATÍK

The aim of the article is to point out the dangers arising from the properties of plastic dust and what influence its properties have on the origin and course of the explosion. The present project analyzed the sample of polyethylene dust,by-product of granulate production and storage. The explosion tests were performed on containers of a similar shape to those found in a plants. By examining the properties of plastic dust and its behavior in the event of an explosion we have observed that the risk of explosion in technological equipment can not be underestimated. Knowledge about explosiveness of dust samples will be used in comprehensive safety solution of a particular technological node.

У.М. Халикулов

Milad Delavary, Zahra Ghayeninezhad, Martin Lavallière

Trends and underlying patterns should be identified in the timely distribution of road traffic offenses to increase traffic safety. In this study, a time series analysis was used to study the incidence rate of road traffic violations on Iranian rural roads. Road traffic volume and offenses data from March 2011 to October 2019 were aggregated. Interrupted time series were used to evaluate the impact of increasing fuel cost in June of 2013 and July of 2014 and the currency devaluation of Rial vs. US dollars in July of 2017 on trends and patterns, traffic volume, and number of offenses. A change-point detection (CPD) analysis was also used to identify singular changes in the frequency of traffic offenses. Results show a general decline in the number of overtaking and speeding offenses of −24.31% and −13.23%, respectively, due to the first increase in fuel cost. The second increase only reduced overtaking by 20.97%. In addition, Iran’s currency devaluation reduced the number of overtaking offenses by 26.39%. Modeling a change-point detection and a Mann-Kendall Test of traffic offenses in Iran, it was found that the burden of violations was reduced.

Olabisi Michael Olapoju, E A Salubi, Abayomi Babalola

This study investigated occupational risks associated with roadside vulcanizers in Ife Central Local Government Area, Southwestern Nigeria. The objectives of the study included the determination of spatial distribution pattern of vulcanizers, examination of location factors as well as the assessment of risks that vulcanizers were exposed to. High resolution imagery (IKONOS) was downloaded and roads of interest were extracted from the imagery to produce a map of the distribution of vulcanizers. Nearest Neighbour Analysis was carried out to determine the spatial pattern of distribution of vulcanizers in the study are. Factor analysis was carried out to extract most manageable factors of location choice, other descriptive statistics were conducted to determine risks factors that vulcanizers were exposed to in the study area. Results revealed that vulcanizers were distributed in a dispersed pattern in the study area given the NNI of 3.489. Also, proximity to traffic, distance from home, nearness to motor park, low competition, high traffic volume and opportunity for shelter were extracted factors which contributed a total of 61.314% of variance explained by the variables.  However, traffic noise, exposure to weather condition and dust and smoke formed the major risks that vulcanizers were exposed to in the study area.  The study concluded that most roadside vulcanizers were exposed to risks and actions be taken to relocate them from roadside to reduce mortality that may arise from unsafe trade location.

Nataliia Koroliuk, Serhii Listrovyj, Mykola Shcerbakov

Розглядається процес визначення прогнозних значень показника якості зразка озброєння на довгочасну перспективу, що передбачає врахування умов нечіткого середовища, яке формується природною і поведінковою нестохастичними невизначеностями та невизначеністю мети операції. Функцію приналежності особа, що приймає рішення, визначає виходячи із її відповідності фізичному змісту показника. Чисельна міра невпевненості експертів щодо висловлювання своїх суб’єктивних думок визначається параметром функції приналежності, який описує її “розмитість”. В якості інтервала прогнозних значень пропонуються чіткі підмножини носіїв значень показників. Обґрунтований фізичний зміст виду функції приналежності та параметру її “розмитості” нечіткої підмножини, яка відповідає показнику якості, який розглядається, та в визначені чіткого інтервалу його прогнозних значень на момент часу при прийнятому рівні довіри за значенням функції приналежності.

Viktor Aleshchenko

Актуальність дослідження визначається продовженням бойових дій в окремих районах Донецької та Луганської областей, потужною інформаційною кампанією спрямованою на особовий склад Збройних Сил України, населення непідконтрольних Україні територій, а також на громадян інших держав. Методом аналізу наукових праць та публікацій досліджуються психологічні операції, як складова стратегічних комунікацій, визначаються особливості проведення психологічних операцій під час анексії Автономної Республіки Крим та окупації частини Донецької та Луганської областей, наводиться орієнтовний склад підрозділів, які залучені до інформаційно-психологічних операцій на Сході України. Наголошується, що залежно від масштабів проведення й конкретних цілей психологічні операції ведуться на стратегічному, оперативному і тактичному рівнях. З’ясовано, що психологічні операції є невід’ємною частиною політики в умовах гібридної війни і координуються на державному рівні. Структура підрозділів психологічних операцій противника характеризується тим, що в основному вони є штатним і практично незмінним спеціальним апаратом штабів із конкретними завданнями, які реалізуються через повний спектр каналів комунікацій. Також акцентовано увагу на тому, що підрозділи психологічних операцій мають змінну структуру залежно від покладених на них завдань та обстановки, в якій доведеться виконувати поставлені завдання. Запропоновані пропозиції для підвищення ефективності протидії інформаційно-психологічному впливу.

Ali JAFARI NADOUSHAN, Hassan ZARE, Safieh SOLTANI et al.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents' job satisfaction and mental health of male children in the sixth grade of the elementary school in Taft. Methods: The study is a descriptive type of correlation. As a sample of 100 male students at the sixth grade of elementary school were selected by a multistage cluster random sampling method. The parents of the sample completed the job satisfaction questionnaire and their children completed the mental health questionnaire. Then, the job satisfaction scores of parents (father or mother) with mental health scores of their children were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software 20. Results: Data analysis showed that there is a correlation between the parents' job satisfaction and the mental health of their children. Better mental health scores are expected for children whose parents had higher job satisfaction. Conclusion: According to the results based on the relationship between parents' job satisfaction and mental health of male children, the planners and managers of the industry, services and agriculture sectors can be recommended to learn efficient management methods and styles based on improving human relationships in organizations in order to be more responsible and committed to their employees' job satisfaction since it is directly related to the mental health

Dita Perwitasari, Abdul Rohim Tualeka

Fatigue is a subjective feeling that different for everyone, which leads to loss of efficiency, decreases work capacity, health problem and the body's ability to survive resulting in work accident. The purpose of this research was examining the factors associated with subjective work fatigue on nurses working in dr. Mohamad Soewandhie hospital in Surabaya.This research was an observational study with cross sectional design. The respondents were nurses of emergency, outpatient, and inpatient units in dr.Mohamad Soewandhie hospital. The variables were individual factors were consisting of age, years of working life, nutritional status, gender, and occupational factors were consisting of the workload and the monotony condition of work toward work fatigue. Spearman correlation test was using to test the relationship of each factors, except the relationship of gender and the monotony condition were using  Mann-Whitney.The results showed that the most of the respondentss were 25-30 years old, female, 1-10 years of working life, had better nutritional status, had a moderate heavy workload and felt the monotony condition in her work. The result of fatigue measurement used the checklist which indicated that the most of the respondents experienced no relationship between age, gender, years of working life, workload, and the monotony condition the results also proved the existence of a relationship between nutritional status with p=0,00. It could be concluded that the nutritional status of nurse in dr.Mohamad Soewandhie hospital had a risk of causing fatigue.   Keywords: Individual factors, occupational factors, and work fatigue

Payam ESMAEILI, Mostafa ABBASI

Introduction: The correct functionality of safety systems along with updating and fixing the safety barriers for offshore platforms are the most important components of safe and sustainable production in the offshore industry. Due to considerable development of process industry, specifically South Pars offshore platforms which have an important role in the economy of Iran, a thorough and comprehensive review of all defects and problems of the protective systems and fixing them are very important. Methods: This applied study has been done at 19 South Pars platforms in 2017. To check the status of the protective, a matrix containing 16 systems and safety equipment in two main operating and HSE groups were designed. . The status of platforms were determined (critical, undesirable and safety of barriers) considering the protective systems. Colors have also been used to better illustrate the barrier status. Results: For instance, the protective barrier status of the ESD at one of platforms in the maintenance department of the operational unit shows that the protective barrier status is including 6safety barriers, 13 undesirable barriers, and one critical barrier. The total status of the platforms during one year has been 12 critical cases, 103 undesirable cases and 45 safety cases at the operational unit. Conclusion: This study was based on extensive studies of barrier management focusing on systems and the safety equipment of offshore platforms. This study, with emphasis on identifying and tracking deficiencies in protective systems, has been implemented to increase the reliability of performance, in order to examine the status of safety systems and, if necessary, take measures to address critical and undesirable defects. &nbsp;

B.P. Hughes, A. Anund, T. Falkmer

Jack Nasar, Peter Hecht, Richard Wener

Henry P. Cole, Melvin L. Myers, Susan C. Westneat

This study describes chores when farmers were either fatally or seriously injured and required emergency medical treatment as a result of overturns of tractors with or without rollover protective structures (ROPS). Data from the 2002 Kentucky Farm Tractor Overturn Survey were used for this study. The data were collected by a telephone survey of a population-based random sample of 6063 (7.98%) of Kentucky’s 76,017 farm operators as listed in the Kentucky Agricultural Statistics Service database. Of farm operators interviewed, 551 (9.1%) reported 603 overturns and 5512 (90.9%) reported no overturns in the history of their farm, covering a period from 1925 to February 2002. Only the latest overturn was considered to improve recall accuracy. In addition, since the 1925 to 1959 time period had only 49 (8.1%) of the overturns reported, (14 farmers did not provide the year of most recent overturn); only data from the 1960 to 2002 period (approximately 41 years) were used. After making these adjustments, incidents evaluated included 25 cases (one fatal and four serious nonfatal injuries) that involved ROPS-equipped tractor overturns and 88 cases (24 fatal and 64 serious nonfatal injuries) that involved non-ROPS tractor overturns. Chores at highest risk for tractor overturns were identified for which educational and ROPS retrofit interventions could be emphasized. The highest frequency of overturn-related fatalities and nonfatal injuries were associated with hay harvesting, rotary mowing, and on-farm travel chores. These three chores represented 68.2% of fatal events and 50.0% of permanent and 56.6% of temporary disability overturn incidents. Tragically, in countries such as India and China with emerging mechanization, a large majority of tractors are produced without ROPS that can be expected to result in the same overturn-related epidemic of deaths experienced in highly mechanized countries, despite evidence of the protection provided by ROPS.