César Vega Zárate, Iris Adriana Landa Torres, Diana Donají Del Callejo Canal
et al.
El Programa Pueblos Mágicos en México busca detonar el desarrollo local. Este artículo busca identificar si existe relación entre los presupuestos asignados a 89 pueblos mágicos en el periodo 2013-2016 y la promoción del crecimiento de espacios turísticos, aplicando un método de panel balanceado, un modelo de pooling y uno de efectos fijos. Los resultados explican que 72% de los pueblos mágicos tuvieron un incremento de hoteles construidos; sin embargo, los modelos de pooling y de efectos fijos establecieron que el presupuesto solo explica 13% del incremento, lo que implica que también influyen otros componentes de la capacidad institucional.
Cities. Urban geography, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Dina Yusrotul Imamah, Syarifil Hidayatul Akbar, Siti Nurhalisa
et al.
Permasalahan kesehatan dapat dipengaruhi oleh kebiasaan dan pola hidup yang tidak baik. Perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) adalah program pemerintah di bidang kesehatan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Desa Mandiro memiliki angka stunting mencapai 18,18% dengan kasus diare balita sebesar 121,45% dan semua umur sebesar 99%. Pelatihan dan pendampingan praktik PHBS kepada ibu balita dan kader posyandu bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran terkait perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) terutama dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di rumah. Kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan dilakukan dengan metode ekspositori dengan menggunakan poster, demonstrasi dengan musik, dan praktik. Peserta merupakan Kader Posyandu dan ibu balita dengan jumlah peserta hari pertama adalah 18 orang dan pada hari kedua 22 orang. Pelaksanaan monitoring dan evaluasi setelah kegiatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner berupa pre-test dan post-test. Dari hasil pre-test dan post-test dapat diketahui jika terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan responden terkait PHBS berupa implementasi cuci tangan dan hygiene sanitasi makanan sehingga dapat menurunkan risiko kejadian diare dan stunting di Desa Mandiro.
The concept of regeneration is gaining traction across diverse disciplines, from agriculture and engineering to business and the social sciences. More than just a buzzword, regeneration is emerging as a pivotal boundary object in a paradigm shift that is redefining design principles and transforming humanity’s relationship with the environment. This narrative review explores regeneration’s journey from its literal origins in biology and engineering to its metaphorical applications in areas such as regenerative economics, agriculture, and culture. We argue that regeneration’s conceptual fluidity allows it to adapt and resonate across domains while maintaining a core ethos of holistic, proactive care and stewardship. Central to regeneration is the notion of generativity—a principle that champions giving back more than what is taken, fostering reciprocity, and co-creating a thriving world for all. As regeneration gains prominence, there are risks that it will be misappropriated or diluted by greenwashers; however, its power lies in its ability to facilitate interdisciplinary dialogue and place-based solutions. Rather than limiting regeneration through strict definitions, we propose nurturing its development through collaborative social agreements like covenants and treaties that enshrine its core tenets of generativity, diversity, and care. We believe that regeneration’s emergence across disciplines heralds a new era of environmental thought and action—one where humanity moves beyond harm reduction to actively healing and enriching the social and ecological systems that we are part of. This review provides a foundation for scholars and practitioners to engage critically with regeneration and collaborate across boundaries to address pressing socio-ecological challenges.
Rangga Bayu Satriya, One Farida Arilasmi, Erica Septafanny
et al.
Tengkes, atau stunting, merupakan masalah kesehatan yang signifikan di Desa Karangrejo, Kecamatan Yosowilangun, Kabupaten Lumajang. Program kerja “ASTATEGI” (Aksi Sehat Tangani Tengkes dan Inovasi Gizi Protein Hewani Berbasis UMKM Ibu-Ibu PKK Desa Karangrejo) dirancang sebagai upaya peningkatan kesadaran dan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pencegahan tengkes melalui edukasi gizi dan pemberian makanan bergizi berbasis pangan lokal. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas program ASTATEGI dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat terkait asupan gizi serta mengurangi angka tengkes di desa tersebut. Program ini dilaksanakan selama tiga hari dengan berbagai kegiatan sosialisasi dan demonstrasi masak yang melibatkan remaja putri, calon pengantin, ibu hamil, dan orang tua balita. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai gizi seimbang dan pentingnya pemenuhan asupan protein hewani untuk mencegah tengkes. Program ASTATEGI berhasil menggerakkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam mendukung penurunan angka tengkes melalui pemanfaatan bahan pangan lokal seperti daun kelor.
Human settlements across the world are attempting to address climate change, leading to changing paradigms, parameters, and indicators for defining the path to future sustainability. In this regard, the term ecovillage has been increasingly used as models for sustainable human settlements. While the term is new, the concept is an old one: human development in harmony with nature. However, materially realizing the concept of an ecovillage is not without challenges. These include challenges in scaling up and transferability, negative regional impacts and struggles of functioning within larger capitalistic and growth-oriented systems. This paper presents the case of Auroville, an early attempt to establish an ecovillage in Southern India. We draw primarily from the ethnographic living and working experience of the authors in Auroville as well as published academic literature and newspaper articles. We find that Auroville has proven to be a successful laboratory for providing bottom-up, low cost and context-specific ecological solutions to the challenges of sustainability. However, challenges of economic and social sustainability compound as the town attempts to scale up and grow.
In the Anthropocene, understanding the impacts of anthropogenic influence on biodiversity and behavior of vulnerable wildlife communities is increasingly relevant to effective conservation. However, comparative studies aimed at disentangling the concurrent effect of different types of human disturbance on multifaceted biodiversity and on activity patterns of mammals are surprisingly rare. We applied a multiregion community model to separately estimate the effects of cumulative human modification (e.g., settlement, agriculture, and transportation) and human presence (aggregated presence of dogs, people, and livestock) on species richness and functional composition of medium‐ and large‐bodied mammals based on camera trap data collected across 45 subtropical montane forests. We divided the detected mammal species into three trophic guilds–carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores–and assessed the nocturnal shifts of each guild in response to anthropogenic activities. Overall, species richness tended to increase (β coefficient = 0.954) as human modification increased but richness decreased as human presence increased (β = –1.054). Human modification was associated with significantly lower functional diversity (mean nearest taxon distance [MNTD], β = –0.134; standardized effect sizes of MNTD, β = –0.397), community average body mass (β = –0.240), and proportion of carnivores (β = –0.580). Human presence was associated with a strongly reduced proportion of herbivores (β = –0.522), whereas proportion of omnivores significantly increased as human presence (β = 0.378) and habitat modification (β = 0.419) increased. In terms of activity patterns, omnivores (β = 12.103) and carnivores (β = 9.368) became more nocturnal in response to human modification. Our results suggest that human modification and human presence have differing effects on mammals and demonstrate that anthropogenic disturbances can lead to drastic loss of functional diversity and result in a shift to nocturnal behavior of mammals. Conservation planning should consider concurrent effects of different types of human disturbance on species richness, functional diversity, and behavior of wildlife communities.
Abstract Abstract Group living is stressful for all mammals, and these stresses limit the size of their social groups. Humans live in very large groups by mammal standards, so how have they solved this problem? I use homicide rates as an index of within-community stress for humans living in small-scale ethnographic societies, and show that the frequency of homicide increases linearly with living-group size in hunter–gatherers. This is not, however, the case for cultivators living in permanent settlements, where there appears to be a ‘glass ceiling’ below which homicide rates oscillate. This glass ceiling correlates with the adoption of social institutions that allow tensions to be managed. The results suggest (a) that the transition to a settled lifestyle in the Neolithic may have been more challenging than is usually assumed and (b) that the increases in settlement size that followed the first villages necessitated the introduction of a series of social institutions designed to manage within-community discord.
G. Laporta, Roberto C. Ilacqua, E. S. Bergo
et al.
The relationship between deforestation and malaria is a spatiotemporal process of variation in Plasmodium incidence in human-dominated Amazonian rural environments. The present study aimed to assess the underlying mechanisms of malarial exposure risk at a fine scale in 5-km2 sites across the Brazilian Amazon, using field-collected data with a longitudinal spatiotemporally structured approach. Anopheline mosquitoes were sampled from 80 sites to investigate the Plasmodium infection rate in mosquito communities and to estimate the malaria exposure risk in rural landscapes. The remaining amount of forest cover (accumulated deforestation) and the deforestation timeline were estimated in each site to represent the main parameters of both the frontier malaria hypothesis and an alternate scenario, the deforestation-malaria hypothesis, proposed herein. The maximum frequency of pathogenic sites occurred at the intermediate forest cover level (50% of accumulated deforestation) at two temporal deforestation peaks, e.g., 10 and 35 years after the beginning of the organization of a settlement. The incidence density of infected anophelines in sites where the original forest cover decreased by more than 50% in the first 25 years of settlement development was at least twice as high as the incidence density calculated for the other sites studied (adjusted incidence density ratio = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.38–3.68; p = 0.001). The results of this study support the frontier malaria as a unifying hypothesis for explaining malaria emergence and for designing specific control interventions in the Brazilian Amazon.
Abstract Traditional pastoralism based on free-ranging goats is indispensable for the rural economy of millions of people in the Brazilian Caatinga drylands. The use of landscape as rangelands for domestic herbivores benefits humans, but understanding its impacts on vegetation is crucial to sustainable strategies. Here we assessed how free-ranging domestic goats use mixed working landscapes in the largest dry forest of the Americas. We evaluated habitat use via GPS tracking and analysis of feeding preferences. Goats preferentially used open areas near human settlements and their impact on plant community may be negligible because they feed mostly on plants widely available in modified environments. Although free-ranging, the area of use was nearly constant (95.44 ha), but the size of herds varied (2–100 animals). Our study suggests that domestic goats can be considered dwellers of human-modified landscapes, foraging close to villages, on open (i.e., degraded) areas where abundant plant species thrive. Therefore, the extensive goat pastoralism in the Caatinga may have little impact on natural vegetation and could be sustainably managed under traditional management practices.
The laboratory rat was the first mammal domesticated for research purposes. It is descended from wild Norway rats, Rattus norvegicus, which despite their name likely originated in Asia. Exceptionally adaptable, these rodents now inhabit almost all environments on Earth, especially near human settlements where they are often seen as pests. The laboratory rat thrives in captivity, and its domestication has produced many inbred and outbred lines that are used for different purposes, including medical trials and behavioral studies. Differences between wild Norway rats and their laboratory counterparts were first noted in the early 20th century and led some researchers to later question its value as a model organism. While these views are probably unjustified, the advanced domestication of the laboratory rat does suggest that resuming studies of wild rats could benefit the wider research community.
Abstract Urbanisation is one of the key challenges of this decade with 68% of the global population likely to be living in urban areas by 2050. This challenge is particularly acute in sub-Saharan Africa where future towns and cities will see an influx of residents living in spontaneous human settlements. As cities struggle to keep up with the speed of growth and spread of informal settlements, associated environmental challenges such as air and water pollution and waste management have been significantly increasing posing a health risk in high density settings. Using the case of Havelock informal settlement in Durban, the authors identified key challenges associated with poor environmental conditions, lack of basic infrastructure, and the implications for settlement upgrading. The study uses mixed methods combining transect walks, priority mapping, seasonal calendar, focus group discussions and household interviews to explore the households' most challenging environmental issues faced daily by informal dwellers. This paper seeks to make the case for targeted participatory environmental infrastructure and management delivery in urban settlements in South Africa. The research also highlights the value of adopting a holistic approach to infrastructure provision to effectively enhance the living conditions of communities. Targeted participatory processes are vital to ensure that holistic infrastructure interventions are acceptable, appropriate and embedded in local communities to create sustainable habitats.