Hasil untuk "History of the arts"

A. Kajikawa, K. Sorai, K. Morokuma-Matsui et al.

This study investigated the relation between the surface density of star formation rate (SFR) ($\Sigma_{\mathrm{SFR}}$), stellar mass ($\Sigma_{M_{\ast}}$), and molecular gas mass ($\Sigma_{M_\mathrm{mol}}$) on nearly 1 kpc scales averaged over concentric tilted rings using the $^{12}$CO $J=1-0$ mapping data of 92 nearby galaxies obtained in the CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING) project. We categorized these galaxies into three groups based on the deviation of each global SFR from the star-forming main sequence (MS), $\Delta$MS: upper MS (UMS), MS, and lower MS (LMS). UMS galaxies tend to be less massive or barred spiral galaxies, exhibiting molecular gas fraction ($f_{\mathrm{gas}}$) comparable to those of MS galaxies but higher star formation efficiency (SFE). In contrast, the LMS galaxies tend to be massive or active galaxies hosting an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Their $f_{\mathrm{gas}}$ values are lower than those of MS galaxies, and their SFEs are slightly lower or comparable to those of MS galaxies in the inner region. These trends indicate that enhanced SFE contributes to higher $\Delta$MS values, whereas reduced $f_{\mathrm{gas}}$ results in lower $\Delta$MS values. The less prominent bulge or the presence of a bar structure in UMS galaxies induces disk-wide star formation, consequently increasing the SFE. In LMS galaxies, the molecular gas is exhausted, and their star formation activity is low. Environmental effects, such as tidal gas stripping, may also reduce gas supply from the outer regions. Furthermore, our sample galaxies show that both the specific star formation rate (sSFR) and $f_{\mathrm{gas}}$ decrease in the central region in LMS galaxies but did not change in the same region in UMS galaxies. These results seem to support the inside-out quenching of star formation although the dominant cause of depletion remains uncertain.

Paula Almeida Mendes

A santidade nobiliária inscreve-se numa longa tradição, segundo a qual existia um vínculo entre nobreza de nascimento e a nobreza de carácter. No caso português, é possível rastrear vários exemplos «corporizados» por figuras femininas de origem aristocrática, cuja memória foi registada por vários autores, em tónica hagiográfica, pese embora o facto de muitas destas personagens não terem sido nem beatificadas nem canonizadas. Tendo como pano de fundo esta problemática, este artigo procura estudar os moldes que se processou a construção da fama sanctitatis de D. Constança Sanches e de D. Teresa Martins e a sua receção na Época Moderna, através da análise de várias fontes. O investimento na promoção da sua «santidade» acentua-se entre finais do século XVI e meados do XVIII, processo que está em sintonia com o contexto da chamada Contrarreforma e tem paralelo com outros casos de figuras medievais. 

Hasan Saliu, Ramadan Çipuri, Xhevahire Izmaku

When the audience shifted online in the age of social media and platformization, the gulf amongst journalists on what constitutes news today grew. Television journalists and editors continue to feel that the public should be provided with the information they need, i.e. the elite-centric method, whereas digital journalists and social media managers believe that the public should be presented with what the public wants, i.e. the popular-centric approach. As a result, the aim of this article is to investigate the news values considered by journalists and editors in Kosovo and Albanian media. The results of in-depth semi-structured interviews with journalists, editors, and social media managers demonstrate that Kosovo, which has the youngest population in Europe, has no paper press since the beginning of 2020, although the press in Albania survives for traditional third-age readers. Televisions are elite-focused; however, in Kosovo, televisions adapt items for social media, aimed at a younger audience. In both countries, digital journalism is increasingly audience-focused, with sensation, entertainment, and conflict as the primary news values. Regardless of the standardized methods, the article proposes that different countries be evaluated for newsworthiness based on their political and socioeconomic environments.

Ke Ma

The relevance of the problem of training music teachers at pedagogical universities in China who are highly motivated to practice choral singing, who possess the knowledge and skills necessary for organizing and managing collective singing activities, aimed at developing interest in this type of musical activity among their future students, is highlighted. It is noted that the choral component is the most significant in the musical and pedagogical training of music teachers in China, which is associated with the leading position of choral singing in the structure of music classes at school. In this regard, the requirements for choral and choirmaster training of music teachers are constantly increasing. The results of a study aimed at determining the attitude towards choral classes and choral singing among students of the Musicology major at Changchun Pedagogical University are presented. Choral classes, choral solfeggio and conducting are defined as the basic disciplines that carry out choral and choirmaster training for students. Attention is focused on the importance of choral solfeggio in the practical training of students. A detailed coverage of the content of choral solfeggio classes is provided. The methodological support for the educational process, built on the use of the methodological experience of Russian choral solfeggio teachers, is analyzed, and the methodological support for choral solfeggio classes available in the practice of Chinese music education is highlighted. Conclusions are drawn about the importance of the discipline "Solfeggio" in the process of choral training of students, the need for careful consideration of the content and methodology of classes during choral solfeggio.

2030STEM Collaboration, J. Adams, Cameron Bess et al.

The vision of 2030STEM is to address systemic barriers in institutional structures and funding mechanisms required to achieve full inclusion in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and accelerate leadership pathways for individuals from underrepresented populations across STEM sectors. 2030STEM takes a systems-level approach to create a community of practice that can test, learn and promote programs and policies that affirm and value cultural identities in STEM. To achieve parity and full representation in the STEM workforce, a variety of changes are needed across academia and STEM professional industries (e.g., business, finance, biotech, government) to accelerate underrepresented groups into positions of leadership throughout the STEM ecosystem. Through a series of subject matter interviews, roundtables, and curated analysis four major themes have surfaced, which, if implemented, could exponentially accelerate the creation of critical pathways to leadership, break down pre-existing barriers and biases, intentionally elevate the voices, value, and research of underrepresented groups in STEM, and implement new structural strategies at scale. This white paper provides a summary of innovative new practices designed to accelerate inclusion, including expanding on known global toolkits, new funding strategies, and the structural changes required throughout various STEM professions to propel pathways to leadership for underrepresented groups.

Kukhui Son, W. Kim, J. Kwak et al.

Metabolic abnormalities, such as preexisting diabetes or hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia during hospitalization aggravated the severity of COVID-19. We evaluated whether diabetes history, hyperglycemia before and during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, and hypoglycemia were risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19. This study included data on 195 patients with COVID-19, who were aged ≥19 years and were treated with ECMO. The proportion of patients with diabetes history among nonsurvivors was higher than that among survivors. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that in-hospital mortality after ECMO support was associated with diabetes history, renal replacement therapy (RRT), and body mass index (BMI) 200 mg/dL and glucose levels before ventilator >200 mg/dL were not associated with in-hospital mortality. However, glucose levels before ECMO >200 mg/dL and minimal glucose levels during hospitalization 200 mg/dL before ECMO and minimal glucose 200 mg/dL before ECMO and minimal glucose level <70 mg/dL during hospitalization were risk factors for in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients who underwent ECMO.

S. Winkelmann, A. Korth, B. Voss et al.

BACKGROUND Chemosensory dysfunction (CD) has been reported as a common symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but it is not well understood whether and for how long changes of smell, taste and chemesthesis persist in infected individuals. METHODOLOGY Unselected adult residents of the German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-test-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were invited to participate in this large cross-sectional study. Data on the medical history and subjective chemosensory function of participants were obtained through questionnaires and visual analogue scales (VAS). Olfactory function (OF) was objectified with the Sniffin' Sticks test (SST), including threshold (T), discrimination (D) and identification (I) test as well as summarized TDI score, and compared to that in healthy controls. Gustatory function (GF) was evaluated with the suprathreshold taste strips (TS) test, and trigeminal function was tested with an ampoule containing ammonia. RESULTS Between November 2020 and June 2021, 667 infected individuals (mean age: 48.2 years) were examined 9.1 months, on average, after positive PCR testing. Of these, 45.6% had persisting subjective olfactory dysfunction (OD), 36.2% had subjective gustatory dysfunction (GD). Tested OD, tested GD and impaired trigeminal function were observed in 34.6%, 7.3% and 1.8% of participants, respectively. The mean TDI score of participants was significantly lower compared to healthy subjects. Significant associations were observed between subjective OD and GD, and between tested OD and GD. CONCLUSION Nine months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, OD prevalence is significantly increased among infected members of the general population. Therefore, OD should be included in the list of symptoms collectively defining Long-COVID.

Myopia Study Group of the Argentine Society of Paediatric Ophthalmology, Rafael Iribarren, M. M. Galán et al.

Purpose: To reach a consensus on the management of progressive school age myopia.Materials and methods: The Myopia Study Group of the Argentine Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology evaluated the available scientific evidence in August and September 2021 to develop a questionnaire on the diagnosis, follow-up, prevention and treatment of myopia in the ages of progression. In October 2021, the questions were sent electronically to 40 experts in Argentina and the responses were subsequently analyzed, in masked form, considering consensus for each question when 80% of respondents agreed.Results: Consensus was obtained on the inclusion in the clinical records data of behavioral and environmental history related to near vision tasks and outdoor exposure, controlling the former and encouraging the latter. Consensus was also obtained on the importance of complementary examinations in cases of early onset, high myopia at diagnosis, accelerated progression, signs of fundus atrophy and high astigmatism. There was also consensus on a minimum follow-up of 2 visitsConclusion: As a result of the scientific evidence analyzed by a committee of experts, a consensus was reached on the management of myopia at the age of progression in Argentina, emphasizing that there are multiple tools currently available to establish the diagnosis, optimize follow-up, carry out treatment and take preventive measures, in addition to prescribing glasses.  per year and the use of pharmacological treatment with atropine 0.01% (or 0.05% for refractory cases or high myopia), which should be discontinued gradually and not before 18 years of age.

Dorota Łuczak

K. Mollan, B. Pence, Steven X. Xu et al.

Efavirenz was associated with increased suicidal thoughts/behaviors in an analysis of randomized trials. However, analyses of observational data have found no evidence of increased hazard. To assess whether population differences explain this divergence we transported the effect of efavirenz from these trials to a specific target population. Using inverse odds weights and multiple imputation, the effect of efavirenz on suicidal thoughts/behaviors in these randomized trials (enrolled 2001-2007) was transported to a trials-eligible cohort of adults in the United States initiating antiretroviral therapy while receiving HIV clinical care at medical centers between 1999-2015. Overall, 8,291 cohort and 3,949 trial participants were eligible. Antidepressant prescription (19% vs. 13%) and injection drug history (16% vs. 10%) were more frequent in the cohort versus trials. Compared to the effect in trials, the estimated hazard ratio for efavirenz on suicidal thoughts/behaviors was attenuated in our target population (trials=2.3, 95%CI: 1.2, 4.4; transported=1.8, 95%CI: 0.90, 4.4), whereas the incidence rate difference was similar (trials=5.1, 95%CI: 1.6, 8.7; transported=5.4, 95%CI: -0.4, 11.4). In our target population, there was over 20% attenuation of the hazard ratio estimate compared to the trials-only estimate. Transporting results from trials to a target population is informative for addressing external validity.

Muliana Edi, Y. S. Chin, Fui Chee Woon et al.

Despite the advancement of the healthcare system, low birth weight (LBW) remains as one of the leading causes of under-five mortality. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of LBW and its associated factors among 483 third trimester pregnant women recruited from six selected public health clinics in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Pregnant women were interviewed for information on socio-demographic characteristics, smoking behaviour, and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure at home and in the workplace. Information on the obstetrical history and prenatal care visits history were retrieved from the maternal medical records, while infant’s birth outcomes were retrieved from infant medical records. The prevalence of LBW (<2.5 kg) in infants was 10.4%, with a mean birth weight of 3.0 [standard deviation (SD) 0.4] kg. Results from the multivariable logistic regression model showed that inadequate weight gained during pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18–4.90] and exposure to SHS at home (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.03–3.55) were significantly associated with LBW. In conclusion, pregnant women should monitor their rate of weight gain throughout pregnancy and avoid SHS exposure at home to reduce the risk of delivering LBW infants.

Narumi Funakubo, Ayaka Tsuboi, E. Eguchi et al.

Oral health is closely related to subjective general health and systemic diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the factors related to oral symptoms and their worsening in relation to psychosocial factors after the Great East Japan Earthquake. In this study, 64,186 residents aged 15–101 years old, who experienced the earthquake on 11 March 2011, were surveyed regarding their oral symptoms; psychological factors, such as post-traumatic reactions and psychological distress; and social factors such as evacuation, work change, and loss of a close person; history of systemic diseases; and lifestyle. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were established for each factor associated with prevalent and exacerbated oral symptoms. The proportions of participants with prevalent and exacerbated oral symptoms were 10.3% and 1.6%, respectively. The multivariate odds ratios and 95% CI of psychosocial factors associated with exacerbated oral symptoms were as follows: post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, 2.24 (1.64–3.06); work changes, 1.88 (1.34–2.65); history of dyslipidemia, 1.74 (1.27–2.39); and subjective current poor health condition, 2.73 (2.00–3.75). Psychological factors, social factors, and physical factors were associated with both prevalent and exacerbated oral symptoms.

Tijen Tunali

Art is a defining element of urban culture through creative dynamics that reflect territorially embedded mechanisms but also particular social and cultural processes. Public art presents us with the possibility of unmediated social interaction that leads to  greater access over the production and use of urban public space. Public art’s presence in the urban space is dynamic and interactive that communicates the complex forms of globalization, cultural hybridity, and plurality in contemporary daily life—where we experience politics. Through a multi-disciplinary lens, that combines urban studies, visual studies, sociology, artistic research, art history and political philosophy, this issue maps the contemporary landscape of public art to capture art’s critical place in the reified politics of the urban space. The aim is not to provide an exhaustive description of politics of arts in the public spaces but rather to provisionally reconcile the lack of a dialectical perspective in the critical discursive tools of the scholarship on urban public art.   

Bożena Popiołek

Artykuł prezentuje organizację dworu przedstawicielki znaczącej magnackiej rodziny, Teresy z Potockich Zamoyskiej, ordynatowej, starościny płoskirowskiej. To próba rekonstrukcji struktury, składu osobowego i podstaw ekonomicznych kobiecego dworu na przełomie XVII i XVIII w., opracowana na podstawie regestrów majątkowych, rozliczeń ze służbą, rejestrów wydatków i przychodów dworskich. Przybliżono również sylwetkę samej Zamoyskiej (żyjącej w latach przed 1667–1713) i jej sytuację zmieniającą się po zawarciu kolejnych związków małżeńskich.

Emilia Rogoża-Janiszewska, Karolina Malińska, C. Cybulski et al.

There are twenty recurrent mutations in six breast-cancer-predisposing genes in Poland (BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, NBN, and RECQL). The frequencies of the twenty alleles have not been measured in a large series of early-onset breast cancer patients from Poland unselected for family history. We genotyped 2464 women with breast cancer diagnosed below age 41 years for twenty recurrent germline mutations in six genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2 CHEK2, PALB2, NBN, and RECQL. A mutation in one of the six genes was identified in 419 of the 2464 early-onset breast cancer cases (17%), including 22.4% of those cases diagnosed below age 31. The mutation frequency was 18.8% for familial breast cancer cases and 6% for non-familial cases. Among women with breast cancer below age 31, the mutation frequency was 23.6% for familial cases and 17.4% in non-familial cases. The majority of mutations (76.2%) were seen in BRCA1 and BRCA2. In Poland, a panel of twenty recurrent mutations in six genes can identify a genetic basis for a high percentage of early-onset cases and testing is recommended for all women with breast cancer at age 40 or below.

Bárbara Skinfill Nogal

El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer el proyecto de traducción y edición de la enciclopedia de emblemas e imprese Mundus Symbolicus de Filippo Picinelli que se lleva a cabo en el Centro de Estudios de las Tradiciones de El Colegio de Michoacán. Así, la traducción permitirá al lector moderno y, en especial, a los historiadores del arte descifrar los significados latentes de los símbolos empleados en la producción plástica y literaria, así como en diversos espacios culturales en donde floreció la emblemática.

Héctor Brioso Santos

La tensión entre la inercia social estamental y la nueva movilidad propia de la economía dineraria es palmaria en la literatura del Siglo de Oro español. La hidalguía estaba en entredicho, devaluada y empobrecida. En ese contexto, Guillén de Castro presenta, en El pretender con pobreza, el conflicto, un tanto autobiográfico, del exsoldado linajudo y honrado que espera ser valorado, al estilo tradicional, por sus merecimientos, y no por su pobre apariencia y escaso peculio, como sucederá en la era del boato y la cortesanía. En realidad, la solución de esa pieza será harto inmovilista y conservadora, puesto que el hidalgo protagonista logrará restaurar su crédito social y recibirá la debida recompensa de los poderosos. Según Castro, la alta nobleza debería rescatar por solidaridad estamental a los caballeros dignos y valerosos, y la corona tendría que redimir a esa caballería depauperada de su triste destino. Cristóbal Suárez de Figueroa, mucho más pesimista, ni siquiera toma en consideración ese camino en El pasajero, sino que expresa una dura crítica a la nobleza y al poder mal ejercido. El primer autor se interesa por la vertiente social y el segundo más por la política.  

Joel A. Tripp, Ni Y. Feng, A. Bass

P. P. Larsen, S. Thiele, T. Krohne et al.

M. Lantinga, R. D. de Sévaux, T. Gevers et al.