We present a method for analyzing general time series by employing the history state formalism of quantum mechanics. This formalism allows us to describe a complete evolution based on a single quantum state, the history state, which simultaneously includes -also as a quantum system- the reference clock. It naturally leads to the concept of system-time entanglement, with the ensuing entanglement entropy constituting a measure of the effective number of distinguishable states visited in the history. Through a quantum coherent state embedding of the time series data, it is then possible to associate a quantum history state to the series. The gaussian overlap between these coherent states provides thus a smooth measure of distinguishability between the series data. The eigenvalues of the corresponding overlap matrix determine in fact the entanglement spectrum and entropy of the history state, which provide a rigorous characterization of the evolution. As illustration, the formalism is applied to typical financial time-series data. Through the entanglement entropy and spectrum, different evolution regimes can be identified. Entanglement based volatility indicators are also derived, and compared with standard volatility measures.
This study compares the efficiency of petroleum systems in the Santos Basin (Brazil) and the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal), focusing of the geological controls on hydrocarbon accumulation in two analogous microbialite reservoirs. We present a methodology integrating the static elements (source and reservoir rocks, seal, and trap) and dynamic elements (migration and accumulation, tectonic processes, thermal history, diagenesis) of petroleum systems with multiscale characterization from the basin to pore scale. Interpretive diagrams based on geological data analysis and a comparative table of static and dynamic elements were used to evaluate the analogous reservoirs and comprehensively analyze their potential. Salt tectonics played a critical role in the success of the Barra Velha Formation microbialite reservoirs in the Santos Basin, with the evaporite domes providing a highly effective seal for hydrocarbon trapping. In contrast, the Cabaços Formation microbialites in the Lusitanian Basin exhibit poor porosity due to pervasive diagenetic alteration (calcite recrystallization and mechanical compaction) observed at the petrographic scale. However, significant variations in lateral facies within these microbialites, observed at the outcrop scale, suggest potential for less diagenetically altered zones with improved reservoir properties and, consequently, better chances for hydrocarbon storage.
Dynamic changes in processes necessitate the notion of state equivalence between the old and new workflows. In several cases, the history of the workflow to be migrated provides sufficient context for a meaningful migration. In this paper, we present an algorithm to find the equivalence mapping for states from the old workflow to the new one using a trail-based consistency model called history equivalence. The algorithm finds history equivalent mappings for all migratable states in the reachability graph of the process under migration. It also reports all non-migratable states that fall in the change region for a given pair of old and new Petri Nets. The paper presents the algorithm, its working, and an intuitive proof. The working is demonstrated through a couple of illustrations.
Mohammed Tayeeb Hasan, Nikolaos Tsantalis, Pouria Alikhanifard
Tracking statements in the commit history of a project is in many cases useful for supporting various software maintenance, comprehension, and evolution tasks. A high level of accuracy can facilitate the adoption of code tracking tools by developers and researchers. To this end, we propose CodeTracker, a refactoring-aware tool that can generate the commit change history for code blocks. To evaluate its accuracy, we created an oracle with the change history of 1,280 code blocks found within 200 methods from 20 popular open-source project repositories. Moreover, we created a baseline based on the current state-of-the-art Abstract Syntax Tree diff tool, namely GumTree 3.0, in order to compare the accuracy and execution time. Our experiments have shown that CodeTracker has a considerably higher precision/recall and faster execution time than the GumTree-based baseline, and can extract the complete change history of a code block with a precision and recall of 99.5% within 3.6 seconds on average.
Microhistory is a part of historical research that focuses on the behaviours, practices, and perceptions of individuals and small communities, locating them in social, economic, and cultural frameworks. Although archaeology has already focused on similar attempts, microarchaeology seldom takes a female perspective. This article aims to discuss how microhistory can be used in historical archaeology, engendering past narratives, those which are usually so difficult to find from historical documents and archaeological sites, and introducing the concept of the ego-artefact, the artefacts we know to have belonged to specific people and which are almost biographical. By doing this analysis, we are individually reconstructing past narratives while including these stories in macronarratives.
Ricardo Gamboa , Carolina Segovia , Marcel Aubry
et al.
La importancia y centralidad de los Grupos de Interés (GI), definidos como cualquier organización de personas que realiza acciones con el objeto de influir en las decisiones públicas, es permanentemente relevada y discutida a nivel de la opinión pública. Si bien en el debate político cotidiano se discute si su acción es o no una “potencial amenaza” para el buen funcionamiento de la democracia, la Ciencia Política ha asumido que los GI existen y son un actor relevante en toda democracia. Consecuentemente, la investigación se ha concentrado en estudiar el problema desde una perspectiva empírica. En este “Foro de Debate”, nuestro objetivo es abordar el problema concentrándonos en el caso de Chile. Primero, y a diferencia de lo que ocurre para el caso de las democracias europeas y de Estados Unidos, porque en Chile y en América Latina sabemos muy poco acerca de las características del sistema de representación de intereses, especialmente respecto de cuán equilibrada es la participación según tipo de interés. Segundo, y nuevamente a diferencia de lo que ocurre en el caso de las democracias avanzadas, porque igualmente sabemos muy poco acerca de cómo los GI definen sus estrategias de acción dentro del sistema político. Y finalmente, porque conocer el caso de Chile será de utilidad para avanzar en el estudio de esta importante dimensión de otras democracias de América Latina. Este trabajo, es producto de una investigación financiada por el programa chileno ANID/FONDECYT (Proyecto 1200416).
O presente artigo pretende contribuir para a história do projeto do Bulário português do século XIII, evocando a memória do Professor Doutor Cónego Avelino de Jesus da Costa e testemunhando o seu empenho nessa empresa. Pretendemos avaliar o interesse dessa publicação entre os estudiosos portugueses, bem como chamar a atenção para os muitos e diversos campos da sociedade portuguesa medieval aos quais os documentos pontifícios podem também dar informação. E, tendo presente a obra de Peter Linehan, Portugalia Pontificia: materials for the history of Portugal and the papacy, 1198-1417 (2 vols., Lisboa, 2013), questionamos a “presumida” continuidade do Bulário medieval português: Bulário Português. Inocêncio III (1198- 1216) (Coimbra, 1989).
Vanessa Neto, Sara Esteves-Ferreira, Isabel Inácio
et al.
Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop and validate a novel clinical report form in the format of a structured interview to enable the characterization of the Portuguese population of the Baixo Vouga region with different subtypes of nodular thyroid pathologies (NTyPs). Materials and methods: A structured interview was developed and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first structured interview built and validated for that purpose in Portugal. Results: This structured interview enables the identification of possible correlations between each subtype of nodular lesions and sociodemographic data, consumption habits and lifestyle, endocrine history, and family predisposition. Conclusion: The novel structured interview will simultaneously, enable a detailed characterization of the group of patients with nodular thyroid lesions and will support future metabolomic studies.
Medicine, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
In this Special Issue, we present 11 of the 15 geoparks that show key aspects of the past and current volcanic development of Europe. The sites include currently active locations along the mid-Atlantic ridge, from the Canary Islands and the Azores in the south to Iceland in the north. Other sites in continental Europe, from Portugal and Spain in the west to Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic in the east, document the volcanic history of the continent over the past 500 million years.
General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution
Personalized dialogue systems explore the problem of generating responses that are consistent with the user's personality, which has raised much attention in recent years. Existing personalized dialogue systems have tried to extract user profiles from dialogue history to guide personalized response generation. Since the dialogue history is usually long and noisy, most existing methods truncate the dialogue history to model the user's personality. Such methods can generate some personalized responses, but a large part of dialogue history is wasted, leading to sub-optimal performance of personalized response generation. In this work, we propose to refine the user dialogue history on a large scale, based on which we can handle more dialogue history and obtain more abundant and accurate persona information. Specifically, we design an MSP model which consists of three personal information refiners and a personalized response generator. With these multi-level refiners, we can sparsely extract the most valuable information (tokens) from the dialogue history and leverage other similar users' data to enhance personalization. Experimental results on two real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our model in generating more informative and personalized responses.
Conversational question generation (CQG) serves as a vital task for machines to assist humans, such as interactive reading comprehension, through conversations. Compared to traditional single-turn question generation (SQG), CQG is more challenging in the sense that the generated question is required not only to be meaningful, but also to align with the occurred conversation history. While previous studies mainly focus on how to model the flow and alignment of the conversation, there has been no thorough study to date on which parts of the context and history are necessary for the model. We argue that shortening the context and history is crucial as it can help the model to optimise more on the conversational alignment property. To this end, we propose CoHS-CQG, a two-stage CQG framework, which adopts a CoHS module to shorten the context and history of the input. In particular, CoHS selects contiguous sentences and history turns according to their relevance scores by a top-p strategy. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performances on CoQA in both the answer-aware and answer-unaware settings.
El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender la dinámica entre los escritores y el circuito literario emergente de Paraguay a principios del siglo xx, así como el lugar que se asignaba a la lengua guaraní en esa interacción. Este artículo estudia específicamente el caso de Narciso R. Colmán a propósito de la publicación de su primer libro, Ocara potÿ (Cantares de Rosicrán) [Flores del campo] (1917). Aquí se analizan las estrategias que le permitieron insertar su obra poética y ser legitimado por el circuito intelectual emergente de Asunción. Con ese propósito, en primer lugar, se hará un breve recuento de la trayectoria del autor y los estudios críticos más relevantes sobre su obra, para después analizar las condiciones de producción y recepción de las dos ediciones de su libro.
Damian Clarke, Manuel Llorca Jaña, Daniel Pailañir
Quantile regression and quantile treatment effect methods are powerful econometric tools for considering economic impacts of events or variables of interest beyond the mean. The use of quantile methods allows for an examination of impacts of some independent variable over the entire distribution of continuous dependent variables. Measurement in many quantative settings in economic history have as a key input continuous outcome variables of interest. Among many other cases, human height and demographics, economic growth, earnings and wages, and crop production are generally recorded as continuous measures, and are collected and studied by economic historians. In this paper we describe and discuss the broad utility of quantile regression for use in research in economic history, review recent quantitive literature in the field, and provide an illustrative example of the use of these methods based on 20,000 records of human height measured across 50-plus years in the 19th and 20th centuries. We suggest that there is considerably more room in the literature on economic history to convincingly and productively apply quantile regression methods.
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a prevalent infection worldwide, especially in low-income countries. Its manifestations are diverse, and although pulmonary affection is the most common presentation, aortic involvement has been described. When present, such involvement can ultimately result in aortic aneurysm. Tuberculous aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a rare clinical entity with few cases described to date. We present a case of tuberculous lymphadenitis with pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal aorta in an otherwise healthy patient. Case description: A 24-year-old male patient from Punjab, India, living in Portugal for 3 months before seeking medical attention, presented at the emergency department with a 5-day history of lower quadrant abdominal pain, that worsened two days before. On physical examination, the patient was febrile and had infra-umbilical tenderness at abdominal palpation. Blood tests revealed microcytic anemia and elevated C-reactive protein. Abdominal ultrasound detected a mass adjacent to the lateral aspect of the distal abdominal aorta, further better characterized by computed tomography (CT) angiography as a saccular dilatation of the infra-renal aorta suggestive of a mycotic pseudoaneurysm.Transthoracic echocardiogram excluded endocarditis. The patient was admitted to the ward and started empiric broad spectrum antibiotics. A full body CT-scan showed a left supraclavicular lymph node with necrotic center, that was surgically excised and whose cultures grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with full susceptibility to first line tuberculostatic drugs. Surgery, with infra-renal aortic excision and aorto-aortic interposition with a silver-impregnated Dacron graft, was implemented along with anti-TB treatment. There are no reported complications at 6 months follow-up. Conclusion: TAA is a rare and potentially fatal disease that should be considered in diagnosis of mycotic aneurisms particularly in patients from high incidence setting. Such diagnosis requires exhaustive investigation, and its treatment can be complex, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The combination of both a medical and surgical approaches is paramount for the successful treatment of such cases.
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Surgery
João Lopes,1 Paulo Santos1,2 1Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 2CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalCorrespondence: João LopesDepartment of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, PortugalTel +351 220426600Email joaomoraislopes@gmail.comPurpose: Dyslipidemia is a major cardiovascular risk factor, and its control leads to less cardiovascular events. Many patients will need some medications to achieve ideal targets. Non-adherence to medications is a complex problem with high impact on their effectiveness. This study aims to identify the determinants of non-adherence to medications in patients with dyslipidemia.Patients and Methods: We conducted a systematic review. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for original articles, published between 2000 and 2020, using the MeSH terms “Dyslipidemias” and “Medication Adherence”.Results: From the initial 3502 identified articles, we selected 46 to include in the final qualitative synthesis. The determinants associated with non-adherence were lower age (≤ 50 years), female sex, African American ethnicity, smoking habits, being a new user of lipid-lowering medications, reporting or having concerns about lipid-lowering medication side effects and some comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer’s disease/dementia, depression and diabetes). On the contrary, adherence is higher in older patients, alcohol drinking habits, taking β-blockers, having a higher number of comorbidities, having a history of cardiovascular events, cardiac interventions or revascularization procedures, having health insurance and having more provider follow-up visits.Conclusion: There are important identifiable determinants of non-adherence in patients with dyslipidemia. These patients benefit from a specific approach to minimize the problem and maximize the potential benefit of the prescription.Keywords: medication adherence, dyslipidemias, causality, epidemiologic factors, heart disease risk factors
As a candidate of dark matter, primordial black holes (PBHs) have attracted more and more attentions as they could be possible progenitors of the heavy binary black holes (BBHs) observed by LIGO/Virgo. Accurately estimating the merger rate of PBH binaries will be crucial to reconstruct the mass distribution of PBHs. It was pointed out the merger history of PBHs may shift the merger rate distribution depending on the mass function of PBHs. In this paper, we use 10 BBH events from LIGO/Virgo O1 and O2 observing runs to constrain the merger rate distribution of PBHs by accounting the effect of merger history. It is found that the second merger process makes subdominant contribution to the total merger rate, and hence the merger history effect can be safely neglected.