This article examines, filtering through the core beliefs of the Humanistic Movement, correlations of
the Olympic Games, tracing their development from their origins in Ancient Greece to their modern
revival and transformation. Historically, the Olympic Games were not merely sporting competitions;
they served as a profound expression of fundamental humanistic values, including excellence, fair
play, mutual respect, and solidarity among participants.
In ancient times, the Olympic Games were closely linked to religion, philosophy, and culture. They
played an important role in strengthening Greek identity and promoting common cultural and spiritual
values. The sacred nature of the games, held in honour of Zeus, reinforced their humanistic character,
promoting harmony and self-improvement through physical and moral discipline.
The modern revival of the Olympic Games, initiated by Pierre de Coubertin in the late 19th century,
was inspired by humanistic ideals that viewed sport as a tool for international cooperation and peace
worldwide. In the modern era, these values have been reinterpreted in light of changing political,
economic and technological conditions. Since then, the Olympic Games have become a global symbol
of diversity, inclusiveness and social equality.
This study highlights the continuity and adaptation of humanistic principles throughout the history of
the Olympic Games, illustrating how the structure and organisation of the Games reflect both tradition
and modernity. Through a socio-cultural lens, the article explores how the Olympic Games function
as a catalyst for intercultural dialogue, international diplomacy and global progress. The findings
underscore the enduring role of the Olympic Games in promoting universal values and establishing
sport as a vital means of communication and human development.
Ottavia Eleonora Ferraro , Anna Morandi , Manuela Anelli
et al.
Introduction
Despite advancements in emergency care and prevention, many road traffic crash (RTC) survivors suffer from enduring impairments that are insufficiently considered and registered in hospital records or existing surveillance systems. Building upon evidence from prior initiatives [1-3], this study aims to (1) assess the multidimensional long-term outcomes of RTCs, (2) identify early predictors of functional and psychological recovery, and (3) inform data-driven strategies for post-injury rehabilitation and health system planning.
Aim
The ProtAct-Us from Long-Term Consequences of Road Crashes (ProtAct-Us), a project funded by the European Union, addresses a critical, yet often underexplored, multidimensional aspect of road safety: the long-term consequences of road traffic crashes (RTCs) on individuals' physical, cognitive, psychological, and socio-economic well-being.
Methods
This multicentre, prospective, observational longitudinal study will be conducted across Germany, Greece, and Italy. The study population comprises adults (≥18 years) involved in RTCs, enrolled through hospitals, trauma centres, or on the accident scene from June to December 2025. Consecutive sampling will be performed until the minimum required sample size of 120 subjects is collected. Informed consent will be obtained in compliance with national regulations. Data will be collected at two timepoints: baseline (within 30 days after the accident) and 12 months post-injury. Validated instruments will be used, covering health-related quality of life (EQ-5D), cognitive function (MoCA), psychological status (CES-D, IES-R), social support (MOS), and economic burden (Muarc). Variables related to injury characteristics, health history, and contextual factors (e.g. access to care, social and work reintegration) will also be recorded.
Statistical Analysis
Descriptive analyses will summarise the sample's clinical, psychological, and socio-demographic features. Recovery trajectories and outcome prevalence at 12 months will be analyzed. Univariate analyses will explore associations between potential predictors and outcomes. Multivariate regression will identify independent predictors of poor recovery, such as persistent pain, psychological distress, or reduced participation in the daily activities.
Conclusion
By integrating medical, psychological, cognitive, and socio-economic data, the ProtAct-Us study will try to provide a comprehensive understanding of the long-term burden of RTCs. This multidimensional approach is expected to generate evidence-based recommendations to improve recovery pathways, tailor rehabilitation programs, and enhance policy responses. Findings will contribute to a more person-centred and sustainable management of the road traffic injury consequences for all road traffic users. Findings from ProtAct-Us will contribute to evidence-based public health and policy-making by quantifying the long-term burden of RTCs and identifying modifiable risk factors, ultimately supporting more effective post-crash care strategies.
After six years, this will be my tenth survey review here – and last. Since these reviews are intended to enable some sense of the state of the evolving field, I thought I might in this swansong try to offer not just the usual smorgasbord of Roman entertainment but an attempt at a synthesis of five key directions in research. A whole host of qualifications immediately raise their heads, of course – anglophone dominance, incomplete representation of presses, and my own not inconsiderable limitations of time, ability, and interest. Still, since opportunities for such overviews over time are sparse, the exercise will hopefully be instructive even so hamstrung.
Giannis Apostolou, Konstantina Venieri, Alfredo Mayoral
et al.
This paper discusses the evolution of human settlement in ancient Macedonia from the Neolithic to the Late Roman periods, based on the results of a new multi-disciplinary and multi-scale archaeological survey in northern Grevena (NW Greece). Building upon an unpublished (legacy) survey, we developed a GIS-structured workflow that integrates site-revisiting and surveying strategies (material collection and test pits) with multi-temporal remote-sensing analyses, offering analytical information about site distribution, characterisation, dating, and taphonomy. Notably, the new study led to a 64% increase in the number of known sites. The combined results indicate that prehistory is less represented in the surface record than historical periods, likely due to the impact of soil erosion episodes. The Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age saw increased site numbers and the emergence of a settlement structure that characterised the area until the Hellenistic period. During the Roman period, the pattern shifted from a seemingly limited use of the landscape towards a model of more extensive habitation. This was driven by the appearance of new rural sites that introduced a land-use regime designed to support agricultural intensification by implementing anti-erosion measures, such as field terraces.
Recommendation systems can provide accurate recommendations by analyzing user shopping history. A richer user history results in more accurate recommendations. However, in real applications, users prefer e-commerce platforms where the item they seek is at the lowest price. In other words, most users shop from multiple e-commerce platforms simultaneously; different parts of the user's shopping history are shared between different e-commerce platforms. Consequently, we assume in this study that any e-commerce platform has a complete record of the user's history but can only access some parts of it. If a recommendation system is able to predict the missing parts first and enrich the user's shopping history properly, it will be possible to recommend the next item more accurately. Our recommendation system leverages user shopping history to improve prediction accuracy. The proposed approach shows significant improvements in both NDCG@10 and HR@10.
Recent generative AI platforms are able to create texts or impressive images from simple text prompts. This makes them powerful tools for summarizing knowledge about architectural history or deriving new creative work in early design tasks like ideation, sketching and modelling. But, how good is the understanding of the generative AI models of the history of architecture? Has it learned to properly distinguish styles, or is it hallucinating information? In this chapter, we investigate this question for generative AI platforms for text and image generation for different architectural styles, to understand the capabilities and boundaries of knowledge of those tools. We also analyze how they are already being used by analyzing a data set of 101 million Midjourney queries to see if and how practitioners are already querying for specific architectural concepts.
“Legal Heritage: Scholarly Meetings.” Report on Scholarly Meetings in the Academic Year 2020/2021
In the academic year 2020/2021 the Jagiellonian University Faculty of Law and Administration initiated a series of scholarly meetings devoted to legal heritage. Nine meetings were held, during which eight papers were presented. They were prepared by the following researchers: Dr. Jakob Maziarz (Department of the History of Polish Law of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University) on “The freedom of scientific research, the freedom to use cultural goods and access to archival materials”; Dr. Bohdan Widła (Department of Intellectual Property Law of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University) on “Protection of scientific or critical editions and first editions”; Dr. Jan Halberda (Department of the General History of the State and Law of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University) on “Estoppel in Anglo-American private law. The Rise of High Trees (1947) as the ‘Precedent’.”; Dr. Mateusz Mataniak (Laboratory of Source Publishing of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University) on “Archival materials for history of the Government of Galicia (1854–1914) from the resource of Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv. Contribution to research on Polish legal heritage.” Jan Bazyli Klakla (PhD student at the Department of Sociology of Law of the Faculty of Law and Administration and the Institute of Sociology of the Faculty of Philosophy of the Jagiellonian University) on “Is customary law like an onion? A multi-layered approach to customary law and its status in the modern world”; Dr. Hab. Katarzyna Krzysztofek-Strzała (Department of History of Administration and Religious Law, Laboratory of Religious Law and Law on Religious Denominations of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University) on “Between the letter of the law and the law in action. Office for Religious Affairs practice towards churches and religious associations”; Dr. Anna Ceglarska (Department of the History of Political and Legal Doctrines of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University) on “The concept of the ‘rule of law’ in presocratic Greece”; Prof. Piotr Górecki (University of California, Riverside Department of History) on “The course of events in Polish and German law court trials in medieval Poland. A comparative sketch”.
In this extended abstract, we investigate the design of learning representation for human intention inference. In our designed human intention prediction task, we propose a history encoding representation that is both interpretable and effective for prediction. Through extensive experiments, we show our prediction framework with a history encoding representation design is successful on the human intention prediction problem.
While focusing on the specific topic of mirror images, Lucretius defends the Epicurean idea of the truth of all sensations and the importance of an education of the mind through the reasoning process of the Epicurean school. Far from being the mere appendix to a defense of a materialistic theory of shade and light, the motif of the mirror is enriched as the poet lingers over its specific features and works his way through the problems it actually poses to Epicurean epistemology. Lucretius demonstrates a perfect mastery of rhetoric, not so much in setting aside or dissolving objections than in accepting all of them, even the most difficult ones, and proving that they turn out to confirm the truth of Epicurus’ doctrine. In doing so, Lucretius does not choose to offer an austere and dogmatic account of the physical theory of mirrors, but aims at providing the reader with a vivid feeling of the life of images according to the theory of simulacra. All at once he exposes this theory, provides the reader with a thought-experiment, and sharpens the weapons he will be using against the Skeptics in a later passage of book IV (469–521), thus making the mirror not merely the object of scientific curiosity but a real instrument.
The use of online user traces for studies of human mobility has received significant attention in recent years. This growing body of work, and the more general importance of human migration patterns to government and industry, motivates the need for a formalized approach to the computational modeling of human mobility - in particular how and when individuals change their place of residence - from online traces. Prior work on this topic has skirted the underlying computational modeling of residence inference, focusing on migration patterns themselves. As a result, to our knowledge, all prior work has employed heuristics to compute something like residence histories. Here, we formalize the residence assignment problem, which seeks, under constraints associated with the minimum length-of-stay at a residence, the most parsimonious sequence of residence periods and places that explains the movement history of an individual. Here we provide an exact solution for this problem and establish its algorithmic complexity. Because the calculation of optimal residence histories (under the assumptions of the model) is tractable, we believe that this method will be a valuable tool for future work on this topic.
Sea piracy, or piracy, is robbery conducted in sea, or sometimes in beach. It could be said that history of piracy occurs simultaneously with history of navigation. Where there are ships transporting merchandise, appears pirates are ready to have it forcibly. It has been known since the time of the occurrence of piracy Greece ancient. Included in the era Roman republic experienced piracy by the sea robbers. Since then they plow all the ships that are currently floating in the ocean near Borneo and Sumatra. However, the best in its long history written on 16th-17th century and it called as the golden age of pirates. But, the piracy not only in the past era, in the modern era as today, the piracy still exist as the criminal case in Somalia in 1990-2011, Philipine in 2016-2017, Dhobo accident in 2019 etc. The piracy is also can be called as Hostis Humani Generis it is mean the piracy is the enemy of all humans. The piracy ruled in UNCLOS articles 101-110 and in Indonesia is ruled in Criminal Law article 439-440. This article explains the international law of sea piracy, hostage release procedure and court procedure in International Criminal Court (ICC) and international punishment for pirate.
Lyric after Pindar should be seen not as declining and petering out, but as developing in ways which radically question or play with the fundamentals of the genre (or “super-genre”). The stanza is a crucial feature of lyric up to Pindar, especially when seen textually; “modernist” expansion into huge astrophic entities (Timotheus, etc.) and “postmodern” reduction into stichic lines (Callimachus, etc.) both involve radical rethinking of the super-genre, and one is a reaction to the other. However, the most innovative postmodernists are the poets somewhat earlier than Callimachus and Theocritus (Simmias, Philicus, etc.); Callimachus and Theocritus continue their ideas with new twists and new point. And the stanza is not really dead: within Timotheus’ and Callimachus’ poems stanza-like structures are built up. The late-classical and Hellenistic development of lyric is as dynamic and thought-provoking as that of sculpture.
This essay demonstrates the key role of Astronomy in Botticelli's "Venus and Mars-NG915" painting, to date only very partially understood. Worthwhile coincidences among the principles of the Ficinian philosophy, the historical characters involved and the compositional elements of the painting, show how the astronomical knowledge of that time strongly influenced this masterpiece. First, Astronomy provides its precise dating since the artist used the astronomical ephemerides of his time, albeit preserving a mythological meaning, and a clue for Botticelli's signature. Second, it allows the correlation among Botticelli's creative intention, the historical facts and the astronomical phenomena such as the heliacal rising of the planet Venus in conjunction with the Aquarius constellation dating back to the earliest representations of Venus in Mesopotamian culture. This work not only bears a significant value for the history of science and art, but, in the current era of three-dimensional mapping of billion stars about to be delivered by Gaia, states the role of astronomical heritage in Western culture. Finally, following the same method, a precise astronomical dating for the famous Primavera painting is suggested.
We investigate the constraints on the reionization history of the Universe from a joint analysis of the cosmic microwave background and neutral hydrogen fraction data. The $\tanh$ parametrization and principal component analysis methods are applied to the reionization history respectively. The commonly used $\tanh$ parametrization is oversimplistic when the neutral hydrogen fraction data are taken into account. Using the principal component analysis method, the reconstructed reionization history is consistent with the neutral hydrogen fraction data. With the principal component analysis method, we reconstruct the neutral hydrogen fraction at $z=9.75$ as $x_{\text{HI}}=0.69^{+0.30}_{-0.32}$ for $6<z<20$ range reconstruction, and $x_{\text{HI}}=0.76^{+0.22}_{-0.27}$ for $6<z<30$ range reconstruction. These results suggest that the Universe began to reionize at redshift no later than $z=10$ at a $95\%$ confidence level.
We describe a parallel solver for the discretized weakly singular space-time boundary integral equation of the spatially two-dimensional heat equation. The global space-time nature of the system matrices leads to improved parallel scalability in distributed memory systems in contrast to time-stepping methods where the parallelization is usually limited to spatial dimensions. We present a parallelization technique which is based on a decomposition of the input mesh into submeshes and a distribution of the corresponding blocks of the system matrices among processors. To ensure load balancing, the distribution is based on a cylic decomposition of complete graphs. In addition, the solution of the global linear system requires the use of an efficient preconditioner. We present a robust preconditioning strategy which is based on boundary integral operators of opposite order, and extend the introduced parallel solver to the preconditioned system.
We apply our recently proposed "quadratic genetic modification" approach to generating and testing the effects of alternative mass accretion histories for a single $Λ$CDM halo. The goal of the technique is to construct different formation histories, varying the overall contribution of mergers to the fixed final mass. This enables targeted studies of galaxy and dark matter halo formation's sensitivity to the smoothness of mass accretion. Here, we focus on two dark matter haloes, each with four different mass accretion histories. We find that the concentration of both haloes systematically decreases as their merger history becomes smoother. This causal trend tracks the known correlation between formation time and concentration parameters in the overall halo population. At fixed formation time, we further establish that halo concentrations are sensitive to the order in which mergers happen. This ability to study an individual halo's response to variations in its history is highly complementary to traditional methods based on emergent correlations from an extended halo population.