This paper examines a Chinese Intellectual, Kang Youwei's (1858-1927) perspective on the Austro-Hungarian Empire during his visit in the early 20th century, emphasizing the relevance to Kang's proposal to China's modernization. Kang Youwei, a key reformer in the late Qing dynasty (1644–1911), visited Austria-Hungary during his exile. This paper analyzes articles written by Kang and shows his opinion on Austrian politics, economy, religion, and ethnic diversity, while contrasting them with China's challenges. He was criticle on Austria-Hungary, regarding political chaos, linguistic diversity, and ties between the Catholic Church and governance, which he seen as a reason for Austria-Hungary's weakness. Kang highlighted the Empire's reliance on Emperor Franz Joseph(1830-1916) and expressed the potential collapse of the Empire. Kang argued that China should remain unification, reject excessive political party formation, and maintain cultural traditions.
History of Central Europe, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Alcina Matos Queirós, Armin von Gunten, Joëlle Rosselet Amoussou
et al.
BackgroundDepression is a highly prevalent psychopathological condition among older adults, particularly those institutionalized in nursing homes (NHs). Unfortunately, it is poorly identified and diagnosed. NH residents are twice as likely to fall as community-dwelling older adults. There is a need for more knowledge about the mechanisms and relationships between depression and falls.
ObjectiveThis study aims to identify, analyze, and synthesize research on the relationships between depression and falls among NH residents.
MethodsA literature search was conducted in October 2023 in the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE ALL Ovid, Embase, CINAHL with Full Text EBSCO, APA PsycInfo Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Wiley, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. Clinical trials were searched for in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Wiley, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Additional searches were performed using Google Scholar, the DART-Europe E-theses Portal, and backward citation tracking. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies were used to evaluate study quality.
ResultsThe review included 7 quantitative studies published in 7 different countries from 3 continents; of these, 6 (86%) were cross-sectional studies, and 1 (14%) was a prospective cohort study. Results suggested high frequencies of depressive symptoms and falls among older adults living in NHs, and depressive symptoms were considered a risk factor for falls. The 15-item and 10-item versions of the Geriatric Depression Scale were the most commonly used measurement tools, followed by the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia and the Resident Assessment Instrument-Minimum Data Set 2.0. The prevalence of depression was heterogeneous, varying from 21.5% to 47.7% of NH residents. The studies used heterogeneous descriptions of a fall, and some considered the risk of falls, recurrent fallers, and near falls in their data. The prevalence of fallers was disparate, varying from 17.2% to 63.1%. Of the 7 retained studies, 6 (86%) reported a relationship between depression and falls or the risk of falls. Among the 19 other risk factors identified in the review as being associated with falls among NH residents were a history of falls in the last 180 days, >1 fall in the past 12 months, and respiratory illnesses.
ConclusionsThere is a paucity of research examining falls among older adults with depressive symptoms in NHs. These findings should alert nurses to the need to consider depression as a risk factor in their work to prevent falls. More research is needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of fall risk among NH residents with depressive symptoms.
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/46995
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Medical technology
Az alábbi tanulmány keretében a neoabszolutizmus idejében működő Debreceni Császári Királyi Megyei Törvényszék büntetőjogi gyakorlatát kívánom bemutatni. Ebben az időszakban hazánkban az osztrák büntetőtörvénykönyv volt hatályban, így kutatásom elsődleges szempontja, hogy a törvénykönyv rendelkezései hogyan érvényesültek a gyakorlatban. Másrészt olyan kérdésekre igyekszem választ adni, hogy mely bűncselekmények fordultak elő a leggyakrabban, melyek voltak a leggyakoribb elkövetési módok, mi jellemezte az elkövetői képet, és végül, hogy milyen mértékű büntetések kerültek kiszabásra a megjelölt időszakban.
History of Central Europe, Social sciences (General)
This study examines the sources Miloš Sovák’s socialist defectology drew on. Sovák’s concept of defectology, published in 1953, was based on the doctrine of I. P. Pavlov, but at the same time resembled the teachings of the French physician and philosopher Georges Canguilhem on the “normal” and the “pathological”. The paper argues that at the roots of Sovák’s theory, politically relevant to the Czechoslovak revolutionary utopia of the 1950s, and thus accommodating the values and demands of the Czechoslovak communist dictatorship, lies the holistic and anti-mechanistic professional interest in and thinking about the individual/organism relationship and its totality, characteristic of the first years and decades of the 20th century.
Jelen tanulmány legfontosabb célja az Európába irányuló turizmus elemzésén keresztül a leglátogatottabb és a túlzott mértékű turizmus jelenségével leginkább érintett európai fővárosok esetének elemzése. Munkám során a turisták túlzott létszámából adódó nehézségek leküzdésére irányuló tervezett vagy már bevezetett intézkedések feltérképezésére fektettem a hangsúlyt. Ezáltal bemutatásra kerülnek olyan nemzetközi jó gyakorlatok az európai fővárosokból, melyek a kialakult helyzetet kezelésében követendő példának tekinthetők, illetve olyan desztinációk esetei, ahol felkészülten várják az esetleges túlzott turistaáradat megjelenését a bevezetett intézkedésekre alapozva. A túlzott turizmus a pandémia előtt súlyos problémát jelentett számos desztináció esetében, s a járvány megszűnését követően feltehetőleg újra mindennapossá válik a turisták jelenlétéből adódó negatív hatások jelenléte. A kutatás eredményeinek hasznosítása révén a desztinációk felkészültebben várhatják a turistákat; rendelkezve olyan megoldási javaslatokkal, melyek alkalmazhatók lesznek abban az esetben, ha a turisták létszáma ismét megközelíti, esetleg eléri a társadalmi vagy környezeti teherbíró képesség határát.
History of Central Europe, Social sciences (General)
This study focuses on the door-to-door agitation based on the ideology of the communist system. As the everyday practice of propaganda and mass mobilization, the agitators were appearing in the homes of families in Budapest regularly between 1948 and 1953. The documents of agitation uncover how the Hungarian communist party intended to mobilize the society to support the party-state and what was the social perceptions of this attempt. Since the home was considered female territory, the work of the local party organizations also offers insights into the role of women in the agitation campaigns.
Auxiliary sciences of history, History of Central Europe
The study introduces the brief history of Palast – Das Varieté der 3000 (today Friedrichstadt-
Palast) in Berlin. Founded by Marion Spadoni, the daughter of the renowned Berliner impresario
Paul Spadoni, it opened in August 1945 and produced new shows every month continuing the
city’s Großvarieté tradition. Her shows had to meet the expectations of the audience as well as
those of the Soviet authorities while bounded by the lack of materials, infrastructure, and staff.
Being a private enterprise in the Soviet Occupation Zone, two years later she was accused of
collaboration, and her business was expropriated. As the venue—despite its significance—is
still often overlooked by theater historians, a foundational research is necessary comparing and
synthesizing various primary sources. The Spadoni Agency’s documentation was destroyed in
1944, however, a fragment still exists in the Stadtmuseum Berlin and the Landesarchiv Berlin; as well
as the fonds of the Magistrat der Stadt Berlin, Marion Spadoni’s unpublished memoirs in different
versions, and the reviews and press articles related to the house. The current management of the
Palast attempts to establish a new narrative of the venue’s origin, claiming Max Reinhardt and Erik
Charell as its founding fathers. The present study shows that this narrative is far from the reality:
Spadoni’s establishment was not even rhetorically related to the former defining creative talents
residing in the house, but to the heritage of the three Großvarietés destroyed during the war: the
Plaza, the Scala and the Wintergarten.
Archaeology, Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology
Scholarship on the eleventh century has stressed the central place that Lombardy had in the early Middle Ages for the revival of legal culture in medieval europe. After having retraced these studies and discussed how this same region had already played an important role for the shaping of legal culture across the Alps during the Ottonian period, my paper focuses on Canon law. Until recent years little or no attention has been paid to the history of Canon law in the decades around 900. According to the classic narrative on this period, it was only in the eleventh century that something new took place in the history of Canon law, specifically the development of canonical collections which aimed not only to systematically re‐arrange, but also to re‐shape a vast number of norms inherited from the previous centuries. Looking at the canonical collection Anselmo dedicata, produced in northern Italy for the Archbishop of Milan, Anselm II (882‐896), this paper aims to highlight the pivotal role played by Lombardy in the shaping of Canon law across the Alps during post‐Carolingian period.
Church and Civil Society – Impulses of Reformed Theology and the Role of the Churches in Shaping Europe. This contribution seeks to answer the role religions and churches, especially the Reformed churches, could play in developing and consolidating civil society and democracy. This study will examine the role of the Church in the Central and Eastern European social and political contexts. Therefore, we will first make an overview of the specifics of this phenomenon in the context of the region's recent history. Then we will look for the normative and substantive meanings of the term for the present going beyond its contextual definition. Finally, we will take note of the impulses of Reformed theology that can contribute to the strengthening of civil society and democratic culture. Will we do this in the context of the particular approach of Reformed theology, in the theological context of the threefold offices (triplex munus) of Christ. The Church, which shares in the royal, priestly and prophetic offices of Christ, shall assume special responsibilities in the life of the society following the threefold ministry of his Lord. In social and diaconal service, the Church must offer new, innovative solutions that promote quality of life (royal office) by working for a culture of reconciliation and compassion. The Church can move from the interior life of piety into the social sphere (priestly office), and through self-criticism and sober social critique, it can advocate for those most disadvantaged by political, economic and social processes (prophetic office). This paper is an edited version of a presentation given at the 2018 German-Hungarian Reformed Theological Conference in Soest, Westphalia. The author attended this conference with an esteemed colleague Béla S. Visky, and now dedicates this paper to him with much appreciation and love on his 60th birthday.
This paper is focused on the history of the Kingdom of Bohemia at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries in the chronicle composed by the abbot John of Viktring. This narrative source of foreign provenance is an interesting comparative material to the Zbraslav Chronicle, though in this study, it will also be presented as a work of its own distinctive character, which its author created for reasons that were different from those of many of his contemporaries.
<h4>Background</h4>A wide range of potentially modifiable risk factors, indicating that the onset of neurocognitive disorders can be delayed or prevented, have been identified. The region of Central and Eastern Europe has cultural, political and economic specifics that may influence the occurrence of risk factors and their link to the cognitive health of the population.<h4>Objective</h4>We aimed to systematically review population-based studies from Central and Eastern Europe to gather evidence on risk and protective factors for neurocognitive disorders.<h4>Methods</h4>We searched the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase. The search was performed on 26th of February 2020 and repeated at the end of the review process on 20th May 2021.<h4>Results</h4>We included 25 papers in a narrative synthesis of the evidence describing cardiovascular risk factors (n = 7), social factors (n = 5), oxidative stress (n = 2), vitamins (n = 2), genetic factors (n = 2) and other areas (n = 7). We found that there was a good body of evidence on the association between neurocognitive disorders and the history of cardiovascular disease while there were gaps in research of genetic and social risk factors.<h4>Conclusion</h4>We conclude that the epidemiological evidence from this region is insufficient and population-based prospectively followed cohorts should be established to allow the development of preventive strategies at national levels.
In 1630, Guillaume Le Vasseur, sieur de Beauplan, travelled to the lands of Poland-Lithuania to begin a seventeen-year military career in the Crown army. The purpose of the Beauplan’s Ukraine (BU) project is to provide a set of open access, georeferenced databases for the populated places, rivers, river fords, river rapids, islands, forests, mountains, valleys, and travel paths that are shown on a selection of maps created by Beauplan. The purpose of this document is to describe how these databases and related materials can be accessed and applied by scholars, with the ultimate goal of this work being to convert the rich source of information provided by Beauplan’s maps into a viable instrument for the laboratory of the historian of south-eastern Europe in Early Modern times.
Jaroslav Bartík, Petr Škrdla, Lubomír Šebela
et al.
Stránská skála represents an important geological and archaeological site. It is also known for its rich deposits of Jurassic cherts that were utilized in various ways during different stages of Moravian prehistory. The substantial Early Upper Paleolithic occupation events are of great significance and have been subject to several international research projects. Archaeological excavations targeting mining and workshop areas were resumed in the last years with a focus on Late Neolithic and Early Eneolithic activities. This paper introduces this project and summarizes recent results. Trends in the chipped industry within the Stránská skála workshop area are outlined, focusing on raw material variability, technology-typology, chronology, and socioeconomic aspects. The first indicators of the location and other aspects of post-Paleolithic mining activities in the field of Stránská skála III are introduced and discussed in the context of mining and workshop activities of similar contemporary features in the Czech Republic and neighboring regions.
Sjeverni Velebit hrvatski je biser koji u kontekstu obrazovanja 21. stoljeća, zaštite
prirode, suočavanja s ugrožavanjem prirode i klimatskim promjenama može postati
europski značajan edukativni centar. Osim vrednovanja, zaštite prirode i doprinosa
obrazovanju, ovaj pristup može otvoriti nova radna mjesta te podići kvalitetu života
lokalne zajednice. Pri tome se povezuju različiti sadržaji – obrazovni, znanstveni, kulturni,
športski, zdravstveni i dr.
Suvremeno znanstveno (STEM) obrazovanje temeljeno na značajnoj georaznolikosti
i bioraznolikosti može se u obliku programa ponuditi dionicima obrazovnoga sustava.
Krški fenomeni Nacionalnog parka Sjeverni Velebit, posebice njegove duboke jame, jedna
su od tema koja ima velike znanstveno-istraživačke i edukativne izazove.
Language and Literature, History of Central Europe