Itziar Gurrutxaga, Ángela Alonso-Solórzano, Miren Isasa
et al.
Pavement Management Systems (PMS) depend upon reliable pavement performance models. In this paper, our aim is to develop International Roughness Index (IRI) prediction models for the heavily trafficked (right-hand) lanes of motorways in the province of Gipuzkoa (Spain) in flexible, semi-rigid, and composite pavements. A deterministic approach was selected, based on the available information in the PMS employed in that province, covering complete pavement structures. Omitting pavement type, the model yielded a determination coefficient (R²) of 0.696 with only three variables: pavement age, cumulative volume of heavy vehicles travelling through the section, and total thickness of bituminous layers. Then, two superior models were generated with pavement type as a variable, yielding R²values of 0.781 and 0.795, respectively. Unlike the opaque features of Machine Learning (ML), the deterministic models captured precise relationships between the variables to a high degree of accuracy. They can moreover be applied to all pavements with bituminous layers, unlike many other models that are only applicable to a single pavement type. Furthermore, the models are presented for freeways where traffic is randomly distributed between lanes; a less widely covered topic in the literature. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-05-01 Full Text: PDF
Abstract: The paper presents an overview of atomic clock solutions developed in leading
scientific and commercial teams of the world. The construction of a Polish atomic clock is
proposed, giving the names of scientific units that can participate in it.
Keywords: Polish atomic clock
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Bridge engineering
Saurabh Kulkarni, Hemant Hadole, Nikita Bhagat
et al.
In recent years, Indian roads have experienced a significant increase in axle load and traffic volume, necessitating improved performance in top bituminous layers. While Indian guidelines recommend VG40 grade bitumen for perpetual pavements, its limited supply prompts widespread use of VG30 grade bitumen. This study explores the viability of modified VG30 bitumen, employing Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) and Tire pyro oil (TPO) as modifiers, as an alternative to VG40. Rheological tests, including Dynamic Shear Rheometer and Brookfield Viscometer, alongside morphological and chemical analyses, ascertain the optimal SBS dosage. Addition of TPO, ranging from 1% to 3%, reduces mixing and compaction temperatures. Marshall Stability and Indirect Tensile Strength tests compare strength characteristics. Sixteen perpetual pavement sections are designed based on Indian guidelines, comparing thickness, life cycle cost, and carbon dioxide emissions over five decades. Modified VG30 binder exhibits only a slight increase in thickness compared to unmodified VG40 binder, while significantly reducing life cycle costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Experimental results suggest that modified VG30 with 3% SBS, and optionally with 1% TPO, can effectively replace VG40 grade bitumen for perpetual pavements to address its supply issue.
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Bridge engineering
Theresia Agustina, Johannes Adhijoso Tjondro, David Setiawan
Research was conducted by testing the connection of solid red meranti wood beam and column using intermediate steel plate with lag screw as fasteners. There were 3 connection samples tested under monotonic load. Material properties of red meranti wood, testing of steel tensile strength, and testing of lag screw bending yield momen has been done to design connection. The behaviour studied in this research is moment capacity, rotation of connection, and ductility of connection. The test results show that initial stiffness of connections B-1, B-2, and B-3 resulting in ranges 10,17 N/mm – 19,05 N/mm. The connections experience plastic hinge with the plastic hinge load is 1617,37 N. The plastic hinges occur in the lag screws tightening area characterized by yielding in that area. The connection ductility resulting in ranges 4,0097 – 4,7642.
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
K. Iskakov, K. Sagindykov, K. Mukhambetkaliyev
et al.
This paper reflects the main aspects of the methodology for studying road pavement structures using non-invasive research methods. The technology for diagnosing highways using OKO-2 georadar complexes has been studied. Non-invasive methods are based on the principle of radar with the generation of electromagnetic high-frequency wave pulses through pavement structures. The scientific work was carried out within the framework of grant funding for a scientific and technical project on the topic: AP19680361 - “Development of computing technologies for diagnosing road pavement of highways.” Based on the analysis of radargrams and instrumental examination of highway anomalies using mathematical methods, it is planned to determine numerical algorithms using the theory of ill-posed problems, mathematical apparatus: equations of mathematical physics, optimization methods and the theory of difference schemes. This work is of scientific and practical interest for improving the methodology for georadar inspection of highways
Abstract: Roads contribute significantly to the economy and serve as a transportation platform. Road potholes are a key source of worry in transportation infrastructure. The purpose of this research is to develop an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model for identifying potholes on asphalt pavement surfaces. Image processing techniques from pretrained models such as efficientnet, resnet50, mobilenet and ML models such as random forest, decision tree, SVC, SVM. Several studies have advocated employing computer vision techniques, including as image processing and object identification algorithms, to automate pothole detection. It is important to digitize the pothole identification process with acceptable accuracy and speed, as well as to deploy the procedure conveniently and affordably. Initially, a smartphone placed on the automobile windscreen captures many photographs of potholes. Later, by downloading pothole photographs from the internet, we expanded the amount and variety of our collection (2400 images with over 900 potholes). Second, to locate potholes in road photos, several object detection methods are used. To compare pothole detection performance, real-time Deep Learning algorithms in various setups are employed. Similarly Wet pavement decreases surface friction dramatically, increasing the likelihood of an accident. As a result, timely understanding of road surface condition is essential for safe driving. This research proposes a unique machine learning model pipeline for detecting pavement moisture based on live photos of highway scenes acquired via accessible to the public traffic cameras. We refined existing state-of-the-art feature extraction baseline models to capture background instance targets, such as pavement, sky, and vegetation, which are frequent in highway scenes, to simplify the learning job.
Ingaiza Annette Murambi, Osano Simpson Nyambane, S. Mwea
Assessment of pavement performance is essential in determining the serviceability and structural state of the pavement structure. Pavement failure and deterioration always commence immediately after the road has been opened to traffic. Several factors contributing to pavement failure and damage include traffic load, soil, environmental, economic, and stress distribution factor. Therefore, flexible pavement failure and deterioration are well-defined by alligator cracks, concentrated potholes, ruts, settlement, and localised depression. Pavement evaluation determines highway sections' functional and structural conditions for frequent monitoring or planning for maintenance. Kampi ya Moto-Eldama Ravine- Kamwasor (B77) road is a Kenya National Highways, Authority (KeNHA) class B road constructed in 2008. The length of the road is approximately 79.5 Km. However, the pavement had numerous distress features which developed even before the design life of the pavement was attained. The study, therefore, concentrated on evaluating the performance of the pavement to identify the type and level of severity of pavement distress; to establish a surface condition by measuring the level of roughness and rut depth and to perform a visual evaluation survey of the existing flexible pavement distresses; to identify the reason of structural and functional failures on Eldama Ravine-Kamwosor, and finally, to establish the residual structural strength of the existing flexible pavement and suggests the most viable maintenance intervention measures.
Yos Sudarso Road is a connecting road heavily traveled by heavy vehicles. The number of heavy vehicles that often pass through this road is one of the supporting factors for the damage to the road, in addition to the absence of maintenance and improvement carried out, resulting in a decrease in the level of serviceability of the road. This condition is the main objective of this research, namely to determine the design of increasing the thickness of the rigid pavement layer on Jalan Yos Sudarso Kumbe. The method used in this improvement is the American Association Of State Highway And Transporting official 1993. The research conducted on Yos Sudarso Kumbe road includes collecting CBR data using DCP tools, surveying traffic volume to find the LHR value, then observing how long the puddle of rainwater on the road surface will disappear to determine the drainage quality. From the results of the analysis and calculations carried out using the 1993 AASHTO method with 15% CBR, the thickness of the pavement layer is 135 mm (5.2 inches) because the thickness of the pavement layer does not meet the minimum standard of rigid pavement thickness with low traffic volume. The minimum standard of rigid pavement thickness with low traffic volume is 150 mm (6 inches), with D10 mm reinforcement and 30 cm spacing between support, D19 mm dowel, 45 cm length, 30 cm spacing between bars, and D16 mm tie bars, 70 cm length, 75 cm spacing between bars.
Mohammadhosein Pourgholamali, Samuel Labi, Kumares C. Sinha
The motivation for cost-effective management of highway pavements is evidenced not only by the massive expenditures associated with these activities at a national level but also by the consequences of poor pavement condition on road users. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of multi-objective optimization (MOO) problems that have been formulated and solution techniques that have been used in selecting and scheduling highway pavement rehabilitation and maintenance activities. First, the paper presents a taxonomy and hierarchy for these activities, the role of funding sources, and levels of jurisdiction. The paper then describes how three different decision mechanisms have been used in past research and practice for project selection and scheduling (historical practices, expert opinion, and explicit mathematical optimization) and identifies the pros and cons of each mechanism. The paper then focuses on the optimization mechanism and presents the types of optimization problems, formulations, and objectives that have been used in the literature. Next, the paper examines various solution algorithms and discusses issues related to their implementation. Finally, the paper identifies some barriers to implementing multi-objective optimization in selecting and scheduling highway pavement rehabilitation and maintenance activities, and makes recommendations to overcome some of these barriers.
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Abstract: In recent years, the transport industry has recognized the need to develop and implement
digital technologies. To a large extent, this applies to rail transport, as it is due to the necessity and
its importance in ensuring both sustainable mobility of the population and uninterrupted transport
of goods in the Eurasian space, especially during periods of large-scale restrictions, e.g., during a
pandemic. As practice shows, the future of rail transport lies in digital technologies. In order to
accelerate the digitization of railways in the OSJD member countries and thus ensure the successful
development of both the railways themselves and international rail transport in communication
between Europe and Asia, deliberate and continuous work is needed to introduce innovative digital
technologies in all areas of transport activity. In his article, the author presents the introduction of
digital technologies into the practice of rail transport on selected examples in the railways of OSJD
member states.
Keywords: Digitalization; OSJD; Electronics waybill, One Windows System; EDI;
Standardization
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Bridge engineering
Received: (09 February, 2022) Revised: (05 April, 2022) Accepted: (07 May, 2022) Hamdy B. Faheem, Associate Professor of Highway and Traffic Engineering, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, (e-mail: hamdyfaheem@mu.edu.eg.) Afaf A. Mahmoud, Professor of Highway and Airport Engineering, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, (e-mail: Afaf.abdelhaleem@mu.edu.eg.) "Surface distress" is a term used to describe defects in the pavement surface. The type, severity, and quantity of surface distress, measured by distress surveys, are required data for evaluating pavement distress. The pavement condition can be calculated based on distress data [2]. Pavement distress is an indication of the pavement surface condition and highway safety, as well as ride comfort. It can also be an indicator of deep-layer distress and failures, as well as performance. A perfect pavement is comfortable for riders and free of cracks of any type. Concurrently, some roads have
The measurement of the pavement roughness and the detection of road defects are two important tasks in highway engineering. In view of the high cost of pavement data collection, this research proposes a method to calculate the pavement roughness by using the economical RGB-D sensor on the mobile terminal through three-dimensional reconstruction. We propose a joint filtering algorithm based on weight judgment for the depth image restoration and a direct method for the pose estimation based on optimizing normalization coefficients of the image blocks. We calculate the pavement roughness through the three-dimensional pavement model generated by point cloud registration. Results show that the method proposed in this paper can accurately calculate the pavement roughness of different roads, and the accuracy is above 90%.
Abstract: It's no secret that countries around the world are fast progressing, and the infrastructure sector plays a critical role in this process. The infrastructure sector is heavily dependent on transportation. Compared to rivers, trains, airlines, and other modes of transportation, the majority of countries rely on roads and highways for transportation of all types. Crushed rock and murrum are common subbase materials for road construction in underdeveloped nations. In many locations, these materials are scarce and difficult to obtain. Fast transportation and conveyance are a top priority for India's Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). As a result, there is an enormous demand for building materials. The expense of producing the base layer material used in pavements, including as drilling, blasting, crushing, and transporting, makes it an expensive choice. However, when subjected to high traffic and/or strong weather, this material does not hold up. In addition, it is difficult to find in urban regions. Among the topics covered in this research are, the strength parameters of the road, total cost of construction and the time required for its construction. Comparative study of CTSB and GSB is explained in this paper. As a result, this material saves on construction costs by reducing the thickness of the crust. The Unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio of the cement-treated basis and sub-base is tested and results are obtained. It demonstrates that this material has superior strength and performance than that of typical materials when compared to those requirements. The CTSB methods saved the most money on construction costs of road, as evidenced by the findings. Using cement-treated foundation and sub-base instead of typical base material for road construction is shown in this paper. Keywords: Cement Treated Sub base (CTSB), Granular Sub-Base (GSB), California Bearing Ratio, Unconfined compressive Strength, Performance Analysis.
Abstract: From the past few years, the building and maintenance of high-quality roadways is vital. And nowadays, ministry of road transport and highways is shifting more on rigid pavements because of its good characteristics. The cost factor is the primary concern in every project. With the right design, even a slight reduction in the thickness of the concrete slab can save the project cost. As a result, an attempt was undertaken to build a two-lane, two-way National highway with variable concrete grades. The analysis has been carried out with variable slab thickness, different shoulder types and variable panel size of slab in which the cost has been optimized. Keywords: Rigid pavement, Design of joints, Different shoulder types in rigid pavement, Cost optimization in rigid pavement, Analysis of rigid pavement, IRC: 58-2015.
Summary: To understand the research status of asphalt pavement texture, the related achievements and progress of pavement surface texture were systematically sorted out from three aspects: the characterization of pavement surface texture, the texture measurement and evaluation, and the relationship between texture and the skid resistance. Based on the statistical geometric characteristics, the spectral characteristics, the fractal characteristics and the multifractal characteristics, the characteristics of pavement texture were discussed. The test methods of pavement texture were divided into two categories: direct measurement methods and indirect measurement methods. The advantages and disadvantages of each measurement method were summarized. The effects of macro-texture and micro-texture on asphalt pavement were discussed, respectively. The relationship between texture and skid resistance was studied. This review shows that multifractal theory should be further studied from the aspect of road engineering. High-precision non-contact integrated detection technology should be further studied to meet the needs of complex testing environments. The method of finite element numerical simulation has potential for the analysis of pavement skid resistance. In addition, methods such as big data analysis, neural network, and deep learning should be studied to achieve the intelligent perception and management of the whole state of skid resistance prediction.
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Andrius Baltrušaitis, Audrius Vaitkus, Jurgita Židanavičiūtė
Assurance of asphalt pavement layer compaction, expressed by air voids ratio between field and laboratory bulk density, is one of the main criteria of the asphalt pavement durability. Thus, destructive measures should be applied, and many asphalt samples should be taken on site in order to determine the representative compaction level of constructed pavement. With the fast development of technologies, new methods should be considered for fast, non-destructive and accurate determination of asphalt bulk density on site. As there are quite few non-destructive methods related to asphalt pavement density measurement, there is a need to make comparison of such methods. Currently, when GPR methods are used to determine the density, calibration cores are used in all cases to estimate the unknown or unmeasured variables or conditions that may affect the results of dielectric value measurements. The aim of this study is to develop a regression model that can predict the bulk density of the compacted asphalt layer without coring, using the design values of the bulk density determined in the type tests of asphalt mixtures or other currently used non-destructive testing technologies (in this case PQI and NDG) and GPR measured dielectric constant values.
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Bridge engineering
Tanah longsor sangat berkaitan dengan bidang gelincir lereng. Tanah longsor pernah terjadi pada tahun 2015 di jalan lintas Pekanbaru-Kuansing Km.128 di Desa Muara Lembu, Kec. Singingi, Kab. Kuantan Singingi. Pencegahan dan mitigasi tanah longsor ini perlu dilakukan di daerah yang memiliki potensi longsor untuk mengurangi resiko yang akan terjadi. Salah satu upaya menanggulanginya adalah dengan cara mendeteksi kondisi dan struktur geologi bawah permukaan sehingga bidang gelincir lereng dapat diprediksi kedalamannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi lapisan bawah permukaan dan menentukan kedalaman serta jenis lapisan bidang gelincir lereng Desa Muara Lembu dengan menggunakan metode geolistrik 2D konfigurasi wenner-schlumberger. Hasil interpretasi geolistrik menunjukkan lapisan penyusun bawah permukaan di area penelitian didominasi oleh batu pasir, tanah aluvium dan tanah lempung. Bidang gelincir diperkirakan berada pada kedalaman 14 m dari atas lereng dan 2,5 m – 7,5 m di bawah permukaan jalan dengan jenis lapisan batu napal, tanah aluvium, dan tanah lempung dan digolongkan menjadi bidang gelincir yang dalam dengan jenis kelongsoran luncuran.
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Eduardo Tejeda Piusseaut, M. Isabel Zambrano Mesa, Anadelys Alonso Aaenlle
La utilización de bases tratadas con conglomerantes hidráulicos o ligantes asfálticos, se ha convertido en una solución habitual en la construcción de bases o subbases de pavimentos, por la necesidad de alcanzar altas prestaciones, debido al incremento de las repeticiones y magnitudes de las cargas del transporte automotor. El tratamiento con aditivos proporciona a las capas del pavimento una mayor resistencia y comportamiento en el tiempo. Con el propósito de evaluar la efectividad de uno de estos tratamientos, se seleccionó un material granular que no cumple con las exigencias de una subbase de carreteras debido a su alta plasticidad, para incorporarle una emulsión asfáltica catiónica y comprobar la variación que experimenta en sus prestaciones, en el laboratorio. Con el tratamiento se han alcanzado buenos resultados, incrementando la resistencia a CBR tras inmersión y en la resistencia conservada. Se muestran también las modificaciones que trae el uso de estos tratamientos en el comportamiento de una estructura de pavimento en la que se ha concebido una capa de subbase estabilizada con emulsión, en lugar de una subbase tradicional no aglomerada, utilizando para ello el procedimiento empírico-mecanicista de la Guía de Diseño AASTHO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials).
Every day we strive to improve the environment and make it as comfortable as possible, creating new products and new technologies that are literally changing people’s lives. Transport is one of the most important engines of development in the world and, unfortunately, it is one of the most painful taking into account how many people’s lives we are losing in it. Ensuring safe traffic, stabilizing a number of accidents, reducing accidents on motor roads and streets are the most important tasks in the field of transport in Lithuania and the EU today. Lithuania could not be left behind when the EU countries pursued an important goal of halving the number of fatalities by the end of 2010 compared to 2001. Substantial road accident rates are recorded in cities with the highest concentration of road users. The aim of this article is to identify the typical accidents for Lithuanian cities and to compare them with the case of Sweden, which is one of the leading countries in the field of traffic safety. The five largest cities in Lithuania been selected for the analysis, where typical traffic accidents are identified. The analysis will help develop recommendations for changes in traffic infrastructure to ensure safe traffic.
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Bridge engineering