Hasil untuk "Economics"

A. Alchian

J. Stiglitz

R. Karagedov

W. Viscusi, J. Vernon, J. Harrington

J. Friedman

D. Hausman

P. Cheshire, E. Mills

N. Myers

C. Watson

K. Lancaster

M. Blaug

S. Funtowicz, J. Ravetz

D. Lind, W. G. Marchal, S. Wathen

M. Rosenzweig, K. Wolpin

Mehmet Zahid Malasli

Since cherries are a seasonal product, it is not possible to obtain them at all times of the year. Due to their high moisture content, they cannot be stored for long periods of time. For these reasons, the drying of sweet cherries is of great importance in preventing product losses and preserving market value. In this study, cherries were dried with different solar energy using passive (without fan; P1), active (with three fan speed; F1, F2, F3) and open (exposed to the sun) methods in order to extend the shelf life and provide access in all seasons. The kinetics of the drying processes, energy consumption parameters, thermophysical properties and their effects on color parameters were investigated. Drying rate in drying processes changed in the range of 6.09–13.98 × 10−4 g moisture/g dry matter min. It was determined that effective moisture diffusion values ranged between 1.43 × 10−8–9.62 × 10−9 m2/s. The highest average specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific mass of the dried samples were obtained at activated type-F1 fan speed. The dry product closest to fresh according to all color values was determined in the open drying method. According to the results, it is recommended that solar drying at a single fan speed (F1) be prioritized as a promising approach for sweet cherry drying in future applications and studies, while further optimization of active systems can improve specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) and specific energy consumption (SEC) performance.

Yavuz Aslan, Orhan Koçak, Aysel Basmacı Kaya et al.

Purpose: University students often face psychological challenges, particularly loneliness and hopelessness, which are exacerbated by factors such as limited social interactions, economic uncertainty, lack of employment opportunities, and the increasing prevalence of online education. This study aims to investigate the relationships among perceived friend social support, loneliness, life satisfaction, and the sub-dimensions of hopelessness, which are positive feelings about the future and loss of motivation. Design/methodology/approach: This cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted with 420 university students who completed a series of self-reported measures, including the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Findings: The findings revealed that perceived friend social support was positively associated with life satisfaction and positive future feelings and negatively associated with loneliness and loss of motivation. Both loneliness and life satisfaction individually and serially mediated the relationships between social support and the dimensions of hopelessness. Conclusion: These results highlight the crucial role of friend-based social support in alleviating loneliness and improving life satisfaction, thereby fostering optimism and preventing motivational decline among students. The findings provide valuable insights for designing interventions to enhance emotional well-being and psychological resilience among university populations.

Ugur Korkut Pata, Mustafa Tevfik Kartal, Zahoor Ahmed et al.

Abstract This study analyzes the influence of green bonds on carbon neutrality. It examines the daily data of sectoral CO2 emissions of the top five CO2-emitting nations from January 2, 2019 to December 30, 2022 using wavelet transform coherence, quantile-on-quantile regression, Granger causality in quantiles, and quantile regression approaches. The results revealed that (i) green bonds are strongly related to sectoral CO2 emissions; (ii) green bonds reduce transport sector CO2 emissions in China, the US, and Japan while causing an upsurge in India and Russia; (iii) green bonds reduce industrial sector CO2 emissions only in the US; (iv) green bonds have a declining influence in energy sector CO2 emissions at lower quantiles in India, China, and the US, whereas the impact increases at higher quantiles; and (v) green bonds decrease residential sector CO2 emissions in the US, Russia, and Japan. The study revealed that green bonds help reduce CO2 emissions in the residential sector in various quantiles. Therefore, the US, Russia, and Japan should raise household awareness of green energy utilization by promoting them with green bonds. In addition, green bonds can effectively reduce transportation sector CO2 emissions in China and the US. Therefore, the policymakers of the two global powers should contribute to global CO2 reduction by promoting green transportation and clean energy transition in the transportation sector through green bonds. Thus, green bonds can play an effective role in the fight against global warming.

Xiao-Li Ren, Wei Chen, Ya Chen et al.

Abstract Background Immune-inflammatory deregulation in depression may contribute to elevated risk of subsequent mortality. While dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are known to confer neuroprotective effects for their anti-inflammatory properties, population-based evidence regarding their survival benefits and underlying mechanisms in depression remain scarce. This study aimed to investigate association between dietary omega-3 PUFAs and mortality risk in depressed individuals and identify immune-inflammatory mediation underlying mortality reductions. Methods Totally, 6,782 depressed individuals aged 20 years and above in 10 cycles (1999–2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Omega-3 PUFAs intake (total and individual) was assessed through 24-hour dietary recalls. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for morality risk across omega-3 PUFA quartiles. Quantile-based g-computation model determined individual PUFA contributions, while mediation analysis evaluated the role of Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) in mortality reductions. Results Over the follow-up period of 679,294 person years, 1,281 deaths were documented. The HRs for the highest versus lowest quartile of omega-3 PUFAs were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.94) for total mortality, 0.72 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.02) for CVD mortality, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.35) for cancer mortality, and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.59, 1.00) for other-cause mortality. DPA showed the strongest association (58.40% weight for total mortality reduction, P = 0.002; 59.80% for other causes, P = 0.011), while EPA contributed most to cardiovascular mortality reductions (60.4%, P = 0.046). Mediation analysis revealed GNRI accounted for 8.1% of PUFA-mortality association (10.5% for DPA), with SII mediating 6.9% of DPA-specific benefit. Conclusion Higher intake of omega-3 PUFAs, predominantly EPA and DPA, were associated with a lower mortality risk in depressed individuals, partially mediated by immune-nutritional pathways. These findings underscore omega-3 PUFAs as potential dietary adjuncts for improving survival in depression through immunomodulation. Further long-term clinical studies are warranted to validate the survival benefits of omega-3 PUFAs in patients with depression.

Eduard Baladia, Manuel Moñino, Martina Miserachs et al.

Introduction: Perceptions and practices of healthcare professionals regarding the nutritional and dietary value of yogurt can play a crucial role in developing effective strategies to promote healthier and more sustainable dietary patterns. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions, attitudes, and practices of nutrition professionals regarding yogurt and its role in a healthy diet. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 355 nutrition professionals in Spain was conducted. The survey was administered online and explored professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding yogurt. Statistical analysis included descriptive and correlational techniques, with a significance level set at p < 0,05 to validate observations. Results: The study revealed that 62,8% of participants recognized yogurt as a key food in a healthy diet, while 31,8% adopted a neutral position. In addition to its nutritional contribution, over 80% associated yogurt consumption with the prevention or treatment of some health outcomes. The most important factors for recommending yogurt consumption were its nutritional value and demonstrated health benefits (96,1% and 70,1%, respectively). Knowledge about yogurt was significantly associated (p < 0,05) with a greater willingness to include it in the diet, and a positive attitude correlated with more intensive recommendation practices. Conclusions: The study unveils a predominantly positive attitude towards yogurt among nutrition professionals, supported by knowledge of its nutritional value and health benefits. The need for specific national guidelines and greater ongoing education to guide professionals and the population towards healthier and more sustainable practices was highlighted. Additionally, there is a future interest in considering the environmental sustainability of yogurt as an important factor for decision-making. Funding: This research has been funded by DANONE. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The research protocol was registered on the platform Open Science Framework (OSF): https://osf.io/ef97b

D. Kirschen, G. Strbac