The effect of growth in the youth population, education level, and population dependency on the labour market and economic growth has been discussed in this research. The study seeks to analyse the complex interaction between population growth of the youths, education, employment and economic growth in Saudi Arabia. A quantitative method and statistical analysis were used to analyse the results of the survey of 400 respondents. The study reveals that there exists a positive relationship between youth population growth and labour market conditions and economic growth. The respondents also achieved academic success that is also associated with labor market conditions and the economic environment, and such factors as the population dependency ratio are also linked to economic growth. The study indicated that focusing on the reduction of youth unemployment and dependency can help Saudi Arabia launch the process of economic development for sustainable growth.
Стаття присвячена розробці адаптованої моделі формування банківського бренду на основі концепції «Колесо бренду» з урахуванням викликів цифрової економіки. Проаналізовано моделі формування бренду в контексті банківської сфери, визначено ключові фактори сприйняття бренду клієнтами, зокрема зміни очікувань молодших поколінь, які прагнуть не лише функціональних вигод, як швидкість та вигідні умови, але й емоційного зв’язку, заснованого на довірі, інноваційності та соціальній відповідальності. Досліджено світовий досвід адаптації Колеса Бренду для цифрових екосистем та еволюцію моделі для банківського сектору. Запропоновано Адаптоване Колесо Банківського Бренду (АКББ), яке інтегрує традиційні елементи, як надійність, довіра, з сучасними вимогами, як персоналізація, кібербезпека, інноваційність та регуляторні вимоги. Обґрунтовано практичні рекомендації щодо інтеграції цифрових каналів, посилення кіберзахисту та фокусу на соціальній відповідальності для підвищення конкурентоспроможності.
Veronika A. Khlyupina, Svetlana V. Golovanova, Eduardo Pontual Ribeiro
Broadcast TV is a well-known example of a two-sided platform where cross network effects on the viewer and advertising sides interact. Like many platforms, it is advertiser-financed. While the literature shows that viewers dislike advertising, we explore a unique data set and distinguish between paid and non-paid (informative) ads. Cross-network effects’ estimates show that the latter carry a positive network effect on viewership. We also explore a significant change in public interest for more information in TV content in Russia in 2022 to estimate structural changes to cross-network effects. The results indicate that negative paid ads’ cross-network effects on viewership demand become stronger while positive non-paid (information) ads cross-network effects become weaker, even conditional on TV programing changes. Symmetrically, on the other side of the platform, advertisers value viewership less after the preference change.
Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням цифровізації, яка торкнулася ЗМІ, в тому числі регіональних, які в результаті оцифровування набувають актуальності як цифрового інструменту маркетингу в формуванні планів та стратегій регіонального розвитку. Підкреслено міжнародний інтерес і підтримку оцифровування комунікації місцевих ЗМІ в Україні. Окреслено роль маркетингу та комунікації як інструменту маркетингу в цьому процесі, в тому числі цифрових ЗМІ. Визначено, напрями впливу на процес діджиталізації ЗМІ, зокрема це: стійкий запит споживачів, які звикли отримувати будь-яку інформацію з цифрових джерел; політика держави щодо цифровізації суспільного, економічного, політичного, культурного тощо устрою; активна підтримка міжнародною спільнотою та організаціями. Встановлено, що цифрові ЗМІ доцільно верифікувати і використовувати як комунікаційну складову маркетингу.
Stabilnost na male poremećaje, koja se još naziva statička stabilnost ili modalna analiza, se bavi stabilnošću sistema u slučaju malih poremećaja kao što su promene u potrošnji ili proizvodnji na satnom i dnevnom nivou. Prednost ove vrste analize je njeg globalni karakter jer daje sve sopstvene vrednosti matrice stanja sistema, odnosno polove, u okviru jednog sistemskog proračuna. Postojanje samo jednog pola sistema sa pozitivnim realnim delom ukazuje na nestabilan sistem. Mera relativnog učešća određene promenljive stanja, vezane za određeni generator, i određenog pola sistema dobija se računanjem faktora učešća. Sortiranjem faktora učešća za sve polove sistema u opadajući redosled i uspostavljanje korelacije sa tačno određenom promenljivom stanja nekog generatora dobija se povratna sprega do generatora koji su dominantni uzročnici postojanja polova sistema sa pozitivnim realnim delom. U radu se prikazuje izračunavanje sopstvenih vrednosti sistema i uspostavljanje korisničke povratne sprege do generatora uzročnika pojave nestabilnog pola. Uspostavljanje ove povratne sprege i eliminacija nestabilnog pola sistema promenom parametara generatora je demonstrirana na primeru realnog distributivnog sistema ogranka Leskovac sa preko 2500 čvorova i priključenih više od 40 sinhronih generatora.
Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, Economics as a science
AbstractThe concept of social capital has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential for improving individual and collective well-being, and for its significance in shaping social, economic, and political structures. This study aims to measure the social capital of rural Vietnam households with data from 2008 to 2016. The authors identified different aspects of household social capital as well as social capital proxies from livelihood papers. This paper applied the fundamental theories (the resource theories and network theories to measure the household social capital in Vietnam. We propose to apply the MIMIC model (multiple indicator multiple cause model) to construct the household social capital along with integrating the indicators in both views of household social capital. Results highlight the importance of understanding the multifaceted nature of social capital, which includes different forms of social networks, social participation, and social costs. The findings suggest that participation in diverse organizations plays a vital role in the formation of household social capital. In addition, the MIMIC model shows that participation in social networks is the most important factor in the formation of household social capital. Therefore, we give some implications for the measurement as well as characteristics in the social capital of households in Vietnam. The study contributes to the existing literature on social capital by emphasizing the importance of understanding the different aspects of social capital and how they interact with each other in shaping the livelihoods of rural Vietnamese households.
The relevance of the conducted research is determined by the need to control and forecast the costs of enterprises to maintain shutdown nuclear energy facilities in a save condition in order to solve budget planning problems. In the near future, an increase in operating expenses is expected due to an increase in the number of such facilities. To solve the problem econometric forecasting methods are used.Purpose of the research. This study is aimed to develop a methodology for estimating the costs of maintaining nuclear and radiation hazardous facilities in a safe condition and the safe storage of radioactive waste, considering the specifics of accounting at nuclear industry enterprises and forecasting such costs, taking into account plans for shutting down and decommissioning of facilities and removing accumulated radioactive waste from storage facilities in the future.Materials and methods. In the research there was developed the methodology of isolation from the overall structure costs, associated with maintaining shutdown facilities and storage facilities for radioactive waste of nuclear industry enterprises. A cumulative estimation of such costs has been carried out for facilities whose operation for the intended purpose has currently been discontinued. Based on obtained retrospective data, a correlation-regression model with structural changes was developed to predict the costs of maintaining nuclear energy facilities in a safe condition which are expected to be shut down in the future. The developed model allows considering the specifics of facilities, their level of radiation hazard and overall characteristics, the average level of wages at enterprises and the cost of resources.Results. Based on the plans for the shutdown and decommissioning of nuclear energy facilities and the disposal of radioactive waste from storage facilities, the costs of maintaining such facilities in a safe condition with a planning horizon up to 2050 have been forecasted. The results of calculations show that the costs for nuclear energy facilities (except for nuclear power plant units) will increase to 10 billion rubles per year by 2035 (in 2022 prices) and will significantly decrease after 2035 - up to 7.5 billion rubles per year. The reduction will be due to the transfer to a nuclear and radiation safe state of large facilities of radiochemical plants, as well as the conservation of sites for the placement of industrial uranium-graphite reactors. The costs of maintaining the storage facilities of accumulated radioactive waste in a safe condition will be reduced annually (almost linearly) as they are transferred to the disposal of the removed radioactive waste and the conservation of special radioactive waste facilities. By 2035, costs will be reduced from the current level of 5 billion rubles to 4.3 billion rubles per year.Conclusion. The results of the study confirm the high importance of the implementation of the Federal Target Program “Ensuring Nuclear and Radiation Safety for 2016-2020 and for the period up to 2035”, under which it is planned to decommission about 75 stopped nuclear and radiation hazardous facilities and transfer about 155 thousand cubic meters of radioactive waste to disposal.
The article compares the theoretical foundations of ethno-cultural policy in the Eurasian region.Aim. The goal set by the authors is to compare two approaches in the theory of social dynamics, on the basis of which the ethno-cultural policy of the modern states of the region — Russia (USSR) and China — is based.Tasks. Identification of fundamental differences in the geopolitical strategies developed by the theorists of Eurasianism and Chinese scientists.Methods. In the context of the implementation of this task — a comparison of the methodological foundations of real political projects in the Eurasian space, through logical analysis, differences are established in the theories of geopolitical dynamics proposed in the Eurasian concept and in Chinese science. The method of comparative analysis of ethno-cultural and ethno-economic policies in the Eurasian region of the two most influential powers allows us to conclude that alternative theoretical concepts and their paradigmatic limitations are adequate to real geopolitical processes.Results. The study showed that the concept of Eurasian geocivilization, which was formed as overcoming the limitations of the Slavophile version of Russian civilization in the context of the collapse of traditional approaches in social theory and in the context of historical collisions of the early twentieth century, had a positive potential, partially realized in the policy of the Soviet state. But the conceptual limitations imposed by the inadequate theoretical basis — the theory of civilizations existing at that time — did not allow the formation of a single Eurasian cultural space to be completed. The Eurasian unity represented by the Soviet Union was consolidated by institutional means, but it was not realized as a cultural synthesis. Chinese scientists have proposed an alternative project for the integration of the Eurasian space — the “One Belt — One Road”, which began to be implemented already in the XXI century. This project is based on Marxist theory and concepts of the second half of the twentieth century, complimentary to Marxism or being neo-Marxist.Conclusions. The incompleteness and instability of the Eurasian project in the Soviet version is a consequence of the limitations inherent in the geopolitical theory itself, which does not take into account the positive potential of Marxist theory and social concepts developed in the second half of the twentieth century. Chinese scientists use the scientific potential of Eurasianism in interpreting the Russian mentality and consider the politics of modern Russia through the prism of Eurasian connotations, but Eurasianism as a geopolitical theory, in their opinion, has not passed the test of history. Therefore, Chinese policy in the Eurasian space is based on other theoretical foundations — in addition to classical Marxism, neo-Marxist approaches. The Chinese authors conclude, in this regard, that Russia is still facing the problem of choosing a geopolitical strategy, which in turn is due to the paradigmatic uncertainty of Russian science.
The article explores the principles of building a competitive specialist in adigitally transformed economy, and presents the prerequisites that justify the development of staff training through the automation of HR technologies. The interpretation of the concepts «digital economy», «EdTech», «staff training», «gamification» is given. The main barriers preventing the implementation of HR Tech solutions in organisations are showed. The use of statistical analysis and comparison methods made it possible to present the areas of HR Tech, where digitalisation most actively improves and automates processes. It has been revealed that the main drivers of efficiency in the HR sphere can be modern tools and platforms that contribute to the introduction of automation in the personnel training system. The events of recent years have led to the understanding that it will no longer be possible to work effectively without the use of new technologies, therefore, the advantages of automating learning processes are highlighted. The role and area of responsibility of the training and development manager in the process of staff training has been established. Scenarios for solving the problem of a shortage of a digital specialist have been determined.
The article is devoted to the research of the current state and tendency of development trends of domestic metallurgical enterprises of Ukraine and the world. The metallurgical industry plays a significant role in shaping the country's needs in ferrous and non – ferrous metals. Selling products for export, the metallurgical industry is primarily one of the major suppliers of currency. The article reviews world steel production according to the World Steel Association. Over the past five years, Ukraine is in the list of the world's largest steelmaking producers, and occupies the 13th place (in 2018) among the top countries of steel producers. The paper examines the dynamics of steel production in the world's leading countries over the past five years. The reasons for the slowdown in the development of metallurgical enterprises of Ukraine were analyzed: outdated technologies, increased competition in the market, depreciation of fixed assets, insufficient investment in metallurgical sector, small assortment of products. Reasons of the crisis of world metallurgy are analyzed. The mechanism of regulating the consequences of the crisis, the consolidation metallurgical industry, which occurs according to general principles of globalization economy of world division of labor and provides a change in production growth centers, redistribution of natural and energy resources. This tendency is clearly traced in the domestic metallurgical sector, where the level of consolidation is ensured by three largest Ukrainian holdings: Metinvest Group, Industrial Union Donbass Corporation, Interpipe Group, OJSC Arcelormittal Kryvyi Rih (OJSC Kryvorizhstal). The size of these producers amounted to more than 70% of the domestic market of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the priority factors contribute to the formation of consolidation of domestic metallurgical enterprises. Determined which factors constrain the development of the metallurgical industry and the proposed ways of their elimination.
In 2016, a new accounting standard on leases was issued and it is effective since 2019. According to IFRS 16 “Leases”, the classification of lease contracts as finance or operating leases is eliminated; significant changes could emerge for the lessee.
Our study examines the effect of the new accounting model for lease provided by IFRS 16 in case of Romanian entities listed on Bucharest Stock Exchange. We analyzed the financial statements prepared for 2019. The main objectives are to analyze the changes in the balance sheet and the profit or loss account subsequent to the application of IFRS 16 and to measure the conformity with the requirements of this standard.
The results show that the new rules regarding lease accounting do not bring significant changes on the financial statements of the lessee. We also find that, on average, Romanian listed entities present a low level of compliance with IFRS 16.
Generally tourism as a business has never had an enviable position on the market in comparison to other branches of the economy. Serbia is a country of rural space, but this form of tourism is not in the expansion. A poor economic and political situation in the last years of the 20th century contributed to a large extent to the bad condition of tourist activity. The authors of the paper conducted a field research in the area of Middle Banat in order to discover the perception of the local population about the significance of the development of this activity. The survey was conducted in May 2017 in five municipalities of Middle Banat, and the results clearly indicate the respondents' lack of awareness of the significance of the development of agritourism, although there are real preconditions for the massive development of this activity. Residents recognize the range of positive and negative effects of tourism development, but the degree to which they are willing to tolerate negative effects depends on their involvement in tourism, the length of their stay in the destination and their exposure to tourism traffic in everyday life.
The revolutionary process of May 1810 in Buenos Aires, capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, occurred within the context of the French Revolution, the United States’ struggle for independence and various changes in the European countries’ economies. Liberal ideas played an essential role, and the opinions of Belgrano, Vieytes and Moreno, among others, are the key to understanding the economic perspectives of the revolutionary men. Late mer-cantilists, physiocrats and classical economists marked these men’s economic thought. The purpose of this paper is to review these intellectual influences on the leaders of the May Revolution.
Economic history and conditions, Economic theory. Demography
AbstractThis study builds on Becker’s and Oppenheimer’s theories of union formation to examine the economic determinants of marriage and cohabitation during older adulthood. Based on the 1998–2006 Health and Retirement Study and a sample of previously married Americans who are at least 50 years old, results show that wealthier older adults, regardless of gender, are more likely to repartner than stay single. Wealth has no discernable effect on the likelihood of remarrying versus cohabiting. Among the oldest men, the positive associations between wealth and repartnering are entirely due to housing assets. Results suggest that Oppenheimer’s theory of marriage timing may be more applicable to later-life union formation than Becker’s independence hypothesis. Further, economic disadvantage does not appear to characterize later-life cohabitation, unlike cohabitation during young adulthood. These findings help illuminate the union formation process during older adulthood and are timely considering demographic changes reshaping the American population.
Cláudio Hamilton M. dos Santos, Raphael Rocha Gouvea, Ésio Moreira Leal
et al.
É difícil exagerar a importância das "transferências (públicas) de assistência e previdência social" no Brasil atual. Poucos estudos, entretanto, analisam sua dinâmica de forma conjunta. Este trabalho contribui para preencher esta lacuna de três maneiras. Primeiro, pela construção de uma série anual compatível com o sistema de contas nacionais brasileiras referência 2000 no período 1995-2012. Segundo, pelo aperfeiçoamento e extensão (até 2012) do esforço de Santos et al. (2010) na construção de estimativas trimestrais agregadas e por componentes dessas transferências. Finalmente, por meio da análise do comportamento dessa variável no período 1995-2012.
Economic history and conditions, Economics as a science
Floods are the most common natural process causing damage to property and loss of life in our geographical area. Efforts to reduce the risk of flooding require methods for assessing the flood risk. Application and comparison of these methods in the same area allows us to describe the differences which could not be discovered only by studying the procedure of these methods. Two methods of flood risk assessment and their outputs were compared in one part of the Turiec River in Slovakia. Results of these methods are different flood risk maps while the key difference is the definition of risk. Risk is defined on the entire surface of the modelled scenarios in the case of the risk map based on Method I. In Method II, flood risk represents an area with unacceptable risk which means the risk where the threshold value has been exceeded. The two methods obtained similar results regarding areas subject to the greatest risk of flood damage. However, Method II appears to be more effective. It uses flood depth and flood velocity information and includes creation of a Flood danger map – a suitable tool for urban planning. The method focuses only on the localities where it is urgent to reduce the flood risk.
En el presente artículo, se modela la toma de decisiones de oferta laboral de los padres y las madres de familia de Nuevo León, y se encuentran los diferentes niveles de bienestar que ambos integrantes pudieran enfrentar por diferentes horas de trabajo remunerado para cada uno. Se utilizan los modelos de negociación y se analizan bajo el enfoque de teoría de juegos. Se adapta una metodología para la separación de los bienes consumidos por cada integrante de los hogares, lo cual permite estimar un sistema de demandas para la madre y otro para el padre de familia, y se rechaza la existencia del modelo unitario. Como parte de los resultados, se encuentra que, entre las principales causas microeconómicas que influyen en la reducción del nivel de participación de las madres de familia en el mercado laboral remunerado, están el nivel de escolaridad del padre de familia, la edad de la madre de familia y el número de hijos menores de cinco años.
Clasificación JEL: C7, C71.
Economic theory. Demography, Economics as a science
Starting from the idea that nowadays the companies use the promotion and communication by event more and more because of the advantages it entails, this paper uses the marketing quantitative research as a tool and it's scope is to present the opinions and
the attitudes of the people that participated to seminaries within a project supported by European funds, regarding their efficiency as a tool for information and training.
Economic theory. Demography, Economics as a science
Generally, an activity is considered to be
efficient if the production implies low costs or if the
revenues from selling the products on the market
outweigh the expenditures that were made to achieve
them. Labor productivity as an efficiency indicator of a
production process represents an expression of the
relationship between effect (products, services) and
effort (work means, labor force, work items).
Through the labor productivity conversion in rates
of return (economic and commercial) is determined an
evolution and an influence on these rates, driving the
company’s own efforts to innovate, produce and harness
goods, works and services with maximum utility,
efficiency and competitiveness services.
The aim of this paper is to highlight the work
efficiency, respectively the labor productivity detached
from the factorial context in the trade and economic
rates of return.
The introduction presents some general aspects
referring to labor productivity, then it will be presented
and discussed the analytical methods used in the process
of reflecting the labor productivity in the rates of return,
the results analysis, and at the end of this paper it will be
presented some conclusions based on the study case.
The expected results consist in identifying the
mechanisms by which labor efficiency is converted into
the company’s economic and financial performance.
Commercial geography. Economic geography, Economics as a science