Hasil untuk "Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system"

Zhengmei Fang, Yan Chen, Xu Han et al.

Abstract Background Transcriptional regulators encoded by the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) gene family play a crucial role in cardiac development, homeostasis, and pathology. The relationship between MEF2A and ischemic stroke (IS) remains unclear. Methods We performed MEF2A polymorphism genotyping in a case-control study (2497 patients with IS vs. 3135 controls) and a cohort study involving 4080 non-stroke participants, which included up to 11.54 years of follow-up. Additionally, the mortality outcomes of 2298 patients with IS were followed up for 6.49 years. Furthermore, 301 IS and 313 controls were selected from the case-control study for MEF2A mRNA expression quantification using RT-qPCR. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of IS at the time of discharge and, one, three, six month post-discharge was collected. Multiple Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analyses were used to evaluate the dose-response relationship between mRNA expression levels and IS. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to examine the associations of the two SNPs and mRNA expression with the mRS scores. Results Carriers of the 2292288-rs3743248 G-T haplotype had a higher IS risk compared with carriers of the G-C haplotype; OR (95% CI]) were as follows: 1.417(1.120, 1.792), 1.581 (1.172, 2.133), 1.314 (0.991, 1.741) for patients with IS, large-artery atherosclerosis subtype, small-artery occlusion, respectively. Sex-stratified analysis identified rs2292288-AA as a female-specific risk factor for IS prevalence (HR = 1.755, 95% CI: 1.179–2.613), while in patients > 65 years, A-allele carriers showed worse functional recovery (higher mRS, P = 0.012). There was a non-linear correlation between MEF2A mRNA expression level and IS risk (P nonlinear= 0.001), after adjustment for covariates. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the MEF2A G-T haplotype is associated with IS susceptibility. While the rs2292288 variant demonstrates sex-specific effects on disease incidence and age-specific effects on recovery. Lower MEF2A mRNA expression was associated with an increased IS risk.

Yumi Saigusa, Mark P. Little, O. Azimzadeh et al.

Abstract Purpose High-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation is generally thought to be more biologically effective in various tissues than low-LET radiation, but whether this also applies to the circulatory system remains unclear. We therefore reviewed biological studies about the effects of high-LET radiation on the circulatory system. Conclusions We identified 76 relevant papers (24 in vitro, 2 ex vivo, 51 in vivo, one overlapping). In vitro studies used human, bovine, porcine or chick vascular endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes, while ex vivo studies used porcine hearts. In vivo studies used mice, rats, rabbits, dogs or pigs. The types of high-LET radiation used were neutrons, α particles, heavy ions and negative pions. Most studies used a single dose, although some investigated fractionation effects. Twenty-one studies estimated the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) that ranged from 0.1 to 130, depending on radiation quality and endpoint. A meta-analysis of 6 in vitro and 8 in vivo studies (selected based on the feasibility of estimating the RBE and its uncertainty) suggested an RBE of 6.69 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 2.51, 10.88) for in vitro studies and 1.14 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.37) for in vivo studies. The meta-analysis of these 14 studies yielded an RBE of 2.88 (95% CI: 1.52, 4.25). This suggests that high-LET radiation is only slightly more effective than low-LET radiation, although substantial inter-study heterogeneity complicates interpretation. Therapeutic effects have also been reported in disease models. Further research is needed to better understand the effects on the cardiovascular system and to improve radiation protection.

Nathan Marimpouy, Stefano Bartoletti, Miarisoa Ratsimandresy et al.

Riccardo Rinaldi, Michele Russo, Giovanni Occhipinti et al.

Background Intracoronary provocation testing with acetylcholine (ACh) is helpful to diagnose and risk‐stratify patients with ischemia with nonobstructed coronary arteries (NOCA) and myocardial infarction with NOCA. This study explored potential sex‐related disparities on the prognostic significance of ACh provocative testing. Methods Consecutive patients with ischemia with NOCA and those with myocardial infarction with NOCA who underwent ACh provocation testing were enrolled. The primary end point was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events at follow‐up. Co‐primary end points were angina recurrence and quality of life assessed by 12‐month Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) summary score. Results A total of 519 patients (mean age, 61.4±12.1 years; 275 [53.0%] women and 244 [47%] men) were enrolled: 346 (66.7%) with ischemia with NOCA and 173 (33.3%) with myocardial infarction with NOCA. A positive ACh test was observed in 274 (52.8%) patients, with a lower prevalence of epicardial spasm (82 [56.2%] versus 106 [82.8%]) and a higher prevalence of microvascular spasm (64 [43.8%] versus 22 [17.2%]) in women compared with men (P>0.001). After a median 22‐month follow‐up, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events occurred in 53 (10.2%) patients, without significant sex differences (P>0.05). Men with a positive ACh test had a significantly higher rate of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (22 [17.2%] versus 5 [4.3%], P=0.002) compared with those with a negative test; no difference was observed in women (P>0.05) (P for interaction=0.003). Women with a positive test experienced a higher rate of angina recurrence (61 [41.8%] versus 32 [24.8%], P=0.005) and a lower SAQ summary score (82 [interquartile range, 72–90] versus 86 [interquartile range, 78–100], P<0.001) compared with those with a negative result; no difference was observed in men (P>0.05). Conclusions This study revealed the importance of recognizing sex‐specific differences in the prognostic value of ACh testing for proper management of coronary vasomotor disorders.

D. S. Lebedev, V. K. Lebedeva

Обзор накопленных к настоящему времени данных касательно физилогичности электрокардиостимуляции, обоснование новых методик, классификации о обсуждение нерешенных проблем в области стимуляции сердца

Gregory L. Hundemer, MD, MPH, Ayub Akbari, MD, MSc, Amos Buh, PhD et al.

Background: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is the gold standard for establishing the diagnosis of hypertension yet remains underused in Canada. There remains a scarcity of Canadian data surrounding how commonly misclassification of hypertension phenotypes occurs without regular use of ABPM. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 964 consecutive adult patients referred to the Ottawa Hospital Hypertension Clinic who underwent same-day ABPM and automated office-based blood pressure measurement (AOBPM) between 2019 and 2023. The proportion of hypertension status misclassification was determined by comparing ABPM and AOBPM values. White coat hypertension (if on no antihypertensive medication) or white coat effect (if on antihypertensive medication) was defined as AOBPM ≥140/90 mm Hg but mean 24-hour ABPM <130/80 mm Hg. Masked hypertension (if on no antihypertensive medication) or masked uncontrolled hypertension (if on antihypertensive medication) was defined as AOBPM <140/90 mm Hg but mean 24-hour ABPM ≥130/80 mm Hg. Results: The mean (SD) age was 60 (16) years, and 46% of the patients were female. Among 296 patients with normotension or controlled hypertension based on ABPM, 146 (49%) met criteria for white coat hypertension (n = 21) or white coat effect (n = 125). Among 668 patients with uncontrolled hypertension based on ABPM, 364 (54%) met criteria for masked hypertension (n = 65) or masked uncontrolled hypertension (n = 299). Conclusions: The hypertension status of approximately 50% of patients was misclassified by AOBPM vs ABPM. Broader use of ABPM in Canada will improve hypertension awareness, treatment, and control rates. Résumé: Contexte: Le monitorage ambulatoire de la pression artérielle (MAPA) est la référence pour établir le diagnostic d’hypertension, bien qu’il demeure sous-utilisé au Canada. Les données canadiennes sont encore trop limitées pour permettre d’établir la fréquence des erreurs de classification des phénotypes de l’hypertension lorsque le MAPA n’est pas utilisé sur une base régulière. Méthodologie: Cette étude transversale comptait 964 adultes consécutifs orientés vers la clinique de l’hypertension de l’hôpital d’Ottawa qui ont été soumis, le même jour, à un MAPA et à une mesure de la pression artérielle automatisée au cabinet entre 2019 et 2023. Les erreurs sur le statut hypertensif ont été déterminées en comparant les valeurs du MAPA et celles de la mesure de la pression artérielle automatisée au cabinet. L’hypertension de consultation (en l’absence de traitement antihypertenseur) ou l’effet de la blouse blanche (en présence d’un traitement antihypertenseur) étaient définis comme une mesure de la pression artérielle automatisée au cabinet ≥ 140/90 mmHg, mais avec une valeur de MAPA moyenne sur 24 heures < 130/80 mmHg. L’hypertension masquée (en l’absence de traitement antihypertenseur) ou l’hypertension non maîtrisée masquée (en présence de traitement antihypertenseur) étaient définies comme une mesure de la pression artérielle automatisée au cabinet < 140/90 mmHg, mais avec une valeur de MAPA moyenne sur 24 heures ≥ 130/80 mmHg. Résultats: L’âge moyen (écart-type) était de 60 (16) ans; 46 % des patients étaient des femmes. Sur les 296 patients affichant une pression normale ou une hypertension maîtrisée selon le MAPA, 146 (49 %) répondaient aux critères de l’hypertension de consultation (n = 221) ou de l’effet de la blouse blanche (n = 125). Sur les 668 patients présentant une hypertension non maîtrisée selon le MAPA, 364 (54 %) répondaient aux critères d’hypertension masquée (n = 65) ou d’hypertension non maîtrisée masquée (n = 299). Conclusions: Par rapport au MAPA, la mesure de la pression artérielle automatisée au cabinet a faussé l’interprétation du statut hypertensif chez environ 50 % des patients. Une utilisation élargie du MAPA au Canada permettra de mieux connaître l’hypertension, son traitement et son taux de maîtrise.

M. Pavlova, A. A. Kalashnikov, A. Glushchenko et al.

Introduction. In Khabarovsk Krai, diseases of the circulatory system are the main cause of mortality. Objective. To determine ways to reduce mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in the region. Material and methods. The work uses content analysis and comparative analysis by collecting information from various sources. The materials of the Board of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai dated May 29, 2025 "Results of the Healthcare System in the Khabarovsk Territory in 2024, Goals and Objectives for 2025. Implementation of National Projects", data from the State Healthcare Institution "Medical Information and Analytical Center" of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, the Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Khabarovsk Territory, Magadan Region, Jewish Autonomous Region and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as well as the results of scientific research on the problem published in scientific journals and the Internet were used. Results and discussion. In the Khabarovsk Krai, during 2022–2024, an increase by 11.6 % in the number of patients with a newly diagnosed CSD was recorded. The mortality rate from coronary heart disease in 2024 was 639.5 per 100 thousand people (the target indicator is 554.5), which significantly exceeded the same indicator for 2023 in the Far Eastern Federal District and the Russian Federation – 563.5 and 556.7 cases, respectively. The structure of causes of death from coronary heart disease was dominated by ischemic heart disease (excluding myocardial infarction), cerebrovascular diseases (excluding stroke), and acute cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). Hospital mortality from AMI and stroke significantly exceeded the planned indicators – by 26.1 and 11.0 %, respectively. The organizational structure of the cardiology service of the region, its resource and technological support make it possible to solve the problems of reducing morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion. The problem of reducing morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease in the region lies mainly in the plane of organizational and managerial decisions and control over their implementation.

Nicole Anderton, F. Menna, Amin Forouzandehmehr et al.

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are largely responsible for maintaining vascular tone. Their ability to adapt to any local hemodynamic change is thus an integral mechanism of both cardiovascular function and systemic cardiovascular control. However, the exact processes driving smooth muscle cell contraction, and subsequent local and systemic level vascular tone adaptation, to hemodynamic changes are complex and not well understood. This leaves a gap in our understanding and ability to predict and manage cardiovascular disease progression. We aim to begin addressing this knowledge gap by coupling, in-silico, a detailed electro-chemo-mechanical smooth muscle model with a systemic level integrated cardiovascular model that includes a mechanoelectric heart generating the cardiovascular drive, and a detailed circulatory system including the coronary arteries. The system and cell level models are coupled through the flow and pressure profiles obtained from the systemic level driving the muscle force generation. The model behaviors are demonstrated for the cell level control of left main coronary artery in LVOT obstructive and non-obstructive cases for both hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and non-HCM virtual patients. The pulsatile pressure and flow changes between the obstructive and non-obstructive cases are observed to alter the contractile force of the SMC through Nitric Oxide and stretch driven pathways. A marked difference in vascular tone between the obstructive and non-obstructive cases is observed. Most interestingly, an inverse force response to obstructive pressure and flow is observed in HCM cases. In this work we demonstrate a successful preliminary coupling of arterial smooth muscle cell cardiovascular and systemic level cardiovascular models.

J. W. Jahng, Mark P. Little, H. J. No et al.

Virginie Aillerie, Perrine De Villemagne, Angelique Erraud et al.

Benito Soto-Blanco, Antonio Carlos Lopes Câmara

Mohammad Hossein Sharifi, Maryam Afshari, Hossein Molavi Vardanjani et al.

Abstract Aims Heart failure (HF) is a major public health challenge. Malnutrition has a significant effect on HF prognosis. Understanding the impact of social and clinical factors on the risk of malnutrition is necessary because it may aid in improving the health status of HF patients. Methods and results Three hundred twenty patients with HF who were hospitalized in a heart centre in Shiraz, Iran, from March to November 2022 were studied. Two validated questionnaires were used to evaluate malnutrition and social support: (1) Mini‐Nutritional Assessment Short Form and (2) Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. The participants were then divided into three groups: those with normal nutritional status (scores 12–14), those at risk of malnutrition (scores 7–11), and those who were malnourished (scores 0–6). The potential correlates of malnutrition (including socio‐demographic, clinical, comorbidities, and laboratory factors) were included in the study. Then, ordinal logistic regression was used to investigate the correlates of malnutrition. The mean age of the participants was 64.2 ± 11.2 years, and more than half were male and married. Normal nutritional status was seen in 110 (34.4%) participants, 151 (47.2%) were at risk of malnutrition, and 58 (18.1%) were malnourished. The mean social support score of the participants was 61.65 ± 12.91. According to the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) obtained from multivariate analysis, increased risk of malnutrition was associated with having a lower social support score [0.95 (0.93–0.97), P‐value ≤ 0.001], lower body mass index [0.91 (0.86–0.97), P‐value = 0.004], higher New York Heart Association classification [1.26 (1.02–1.56), P‐value = 0.03], longer duration of disease [1.006 (1.001–1.01), P‐value = 0.006], and lower serum albumin level [0.25 (0.08–0.75), P‐value = 0.01]. Conclusions Besides the clinical conditions affecting the risk of malnutrition in patients with HF, social support may play an important role. Including this factor in HF guidelines and developing educational programmes may help improve HF patients' health.

Ke Xu, Qi Gao, Min Wan et al.

The mock circulatory loop (MCL) is an in vitro experimental system that can provide continuous pulsatile flows and simulate different physiological or pathological parameters of the human circulation system. It is of great significance for testing cardiovascular assist device (CAD), which is a type of clinical instrument used to treat cardiovascular disease and alleviate the dilemma of insufficient donor hearts. The MCL installed with different types of CADs can simulate specific conditions of clinical surgery for evaluating the effectiveness and reliability of those CADs under the repeated performance tests and reliability tests. Also, patient-specific cardiovascular models can be employed in the circulation of MCL for targeted pathological study associated with hemodynamics. Therefore, The MCL system has various combinations of different functional units according to its richful applications, which are comprehensively reviewed in the current work. Four types of CADs including prosthetic heart valve (PHV), ventricular assist device (VAD), total artificial heart (TAH) and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) applied in MCL experiments are documented and compared in detail. Moreover, MCLs with more complicated structures for achieving advanced functions are further introduced, such as MCL for the pediatric application, MCL with anatomical phantoms and MCL synchronizing multiple circulation systems. By reviewing the constructions and functions of available MCLs, the features of MCLs for different applications are summarized, and directions of developing the MCLs are suggested.

K. Chitturi, Dan Haberman, Jason P. Wermers et al.

Hypertension remains a leading preventable cause of myocardial infarction, stroke, kidney disease, and cardiovascular death worldwide. Despite lifestyle modifications and intensification of medical therapy, suboptimal blood pressure control is common, spurring the development of device-based therapies for hypertension. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) assembled the Circulatory System Devices Panel on August 22-23, 2023, to discuss the safety and effectiveness of renal denervation devices manufactured by Recor Medical and Medtronic. After reviewing the ultrasound-based Recor Paradise renal denervation system the day prior, the panel reconvened to discuss the radiofrequency-based Medtronic Symplicity Spyral Renal Denervation System. In this manuscript, we summarize the data presented by the sponsor and FDA and detail the deliberation and discussion during the meeting.

E. Valeeva, R. Galimova, A. Distanova et al.

This study has shown that working conditions of basic occupational groups in the automotive industry involve combined exposure to several harmful occupational factors. Major harmful occupational factors include intense noise, vibration, work hardness and chemical levels; their intensity varies between permissible levels (the hazard category is 2.0) and harmful ones (the hazard category 3.1–3.2, harmful working conditions with hazard levels 1 or 2). This may induce occurrence or exacerbation of basic non-communicable diseases such as diseases of the circulatory system (CSDs), occupational and work-related diseases. CSDs were diagnosed in 37.7 % of workers employed at automotive productions. The most frequent diseases include hypertension (EH) that accounted for 28.2 %; cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs), 6.5 %; ischemic heart disease (IHD), 3.6 %. CSDs developed at an early age in workers exposed to harmful occupational factors belonging to the hazard category 3.1–3.2; these diseases became more frequent as work records got longer, and were more frequently exacerbated with acute cardiovascular conditions. We assessed the total cardiovascular risk using the SCORE scale and established that shares of people with high and very high cardiovascular risks were higher among painters, laboratory assistants responsible for chemical analysis, and repairmen. The attributive risk of new cardiovascular diseases ranged between 9.6 (turners) and 42.6 (repairmen) cases. The highest occupational CSDs causation was identified for repairmen and mechanics at mechanical assembly production; average causation was established for stampers, painters, laboratory assistants dealing with chemical analysis, crane operators, and turners.

Juliette Vahdat, Julien Fromonot, Nathalie Lalevée et al.

J. Urmeneta Ulloa, E. Pozo Osinalde, J. A. Cabrera et al.

Abstract Background Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NICM) is associated with cardiovascular events. To analyze the feasibility of assessing RV myocardial deformation by feature tracking (FT)-cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and its usefulness as a prognostic marker. Methods Retrospective study of NICM patients undergoing CMR. Longitudinal FT-RV free wall (LFT-RVFW) and fractional area change (FAC) were obtained. Correlation with standard RV parameters was studied. An association with combined event (heart failure (HF), ICD implantation or cardiovascular death) was assessed using a logistic regression model. Results 98 patients (64 ± 13 years) were included. Left ventricular (LV) systolic function (LVEF 29.5 ± 9.6%, 47% with LVEF ≥ 30%) and RV (RVEF 52.2 ± 14.6%, 72% with RVEF ≥ 45%). Follow-up of 38 ± 17 months, 26.5% presented at least one admission for HF. An excellent correlation of LFT-RVFW (r = 0.82) and FAC (r = 0.83) with RVEF was evident. No association of RV-FT parameters with prognosis entire study population was found. However, in patients with LVEF ≥ 30%, admissions for HF were associated with lower LFT-RVFW (−21.6 ± 6.6% vs −31.3 ± 10%; p = 0.006) and FAC (36.6 ± 9.6% vs 50.5 ± 13.4%; p < 0.001) values. Similar differences were observed when only patients with RVEF ≥ 45% were considered. An LFT-RVFW cut-off point of -19.5% and FAC of 36.5% showed good prognostic performance. Decreased LFT-RVFW or FAC represented an independent predictor of combined event in patients with LVEF ≥ 30%. Conclusions In NICM patients without severe LV dysfunction, decreased values of LFT-RVFW and/or FAC were associated with HF admissions, independently of RVEF.

Moataz Ali Hasan Ali Elsanan, Islam Hussein Hassan Hussein Tahoon, Ghada Ibrahim Mohamed et al.

Abstract Background Diabetes is a serious and quickly expanding global health problem. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Coronary slow flow (CSF) is characterised by delayed distal perfusion during coronary angiography with normal coronary arteries. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between CSF and inflammatory markers regarding glycemic status in T2DM. Methods This cross-sectional study included 120 patients who were divided equally into 4 groups according to their glycemic control and presence or absence of coronary slow flow: Group I included patients with T2DM with good glycemic control without CSF; Group II included patients with T2DM with good glycemic control and CSF; Group III included patients with T2DM with poor glycemic control without CSF; and Group IV included patients with T2DM with poor glycemic control and CSF. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelets, hematocrit, and haemoglobin were also evaluated as risk factors for coronary slow flow. Results This study showed that body mass index (BMI), hematocrit level, NLR, and CRP demonstrated a moderate but significant correlation (r = 0.53) with CSF in poorly controlled T2DM. NLR cutoff > 2.1 could predict CSF in poorly controlled T2DM with a modest sensitivity and specificity. A 1.9 increase in HbA1c increases the likelihood of coronary slow flow. Dylipidemia increases the likelihood of coronary slow flow by 0.18 times. Other predictors for coronary slow flow include NLR, PLR, CRP, platelets, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. The effect of the predictors is still statistically significant after being adjusted for glycemic status, age, and sex (p  < 0.001). Conclusions Poor glycemic control increases the incidence of CSF. This supports the hypothesis that CSF is related to endothelial dysfunction as poor glycemic control causes endothelial dysfunction due to inflammation. Trial registration ZU-IRB#9419–3-4–2022 Registered 3 April 2022, email.  IRB_123@medicine.zu.edu.eg .

S. L. Konstantinov, G. I. Stryabkova, A. I. Basarab et al.

A case report of double thrombolytic therapy with non-immunogenic staphylokinase at a dose of 15 mg bolus over 15 s in a patient with a high-risk massive pulmonary embolism (PE) in the early postoperative period due to femoral wound is described. After the second thrombolysis, a decrease in the pulmonary arteries thrombotic lesions according to multislice computed tomography data, restoration of right ventricular function, and a decrease in pulmonary hypertension were observed. Reuse of the non-immunogenic staphylokinase did not lead to the major bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke, did not provoke a drop in hemoglobin and did not require blood transfusion. Upon discharge of the patient, normalization of the general blood test parameters was noted: the level of hemoglobin increased from 86 to 112 g/l, erythrocytes — from 2.8 to 3.5x1012/l, hematocrit — from 26 to 32%. Thus, non-immunogenic staphylokinase has demonstrated high efficacy and safety in the treatment of patient with a high-risk massive PE in the early postoperative period.

C. Diaz-Canestro, Brandon Pentz, A. Sehgal et al.

Recent evidence points toward a link between lean body mass (LBM) and cardiovascular capacity in women. This study aimed at determining the sex-specific relationship of LBM with central and peripheral circulatory variables in healthy women and men (n=70) matched by age (60±12 years versus 58±15 years), physical activity, and cardiovascular risk factors. Regional (legs, arms, and trunk) and whole-body (total) body composition were assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Cardiac structure, function, and central/peripheral hemodynamics were measured via transthoracic echocardiography and the volume-clamp method at rest and peak incremental exercise. Regression analyses determined sex-specific relationships between LBM and cardiovascular variables. Regional and total LBM were lower in women than men (P<0.001), with little overlap between sexes. Leg and arm LBM positively associated with left ventricular (LV) internal resting dimensions in women (r≥0.53, P≤0.002) but not men (P≥0.156). Leg, arm, and total LBM only associated with LV relaxation in women (r≥0.43, P≤0.013). All LBM variables strongly associated with LV volumes at peak exercise in women (r≥0.54, P≤0.001) but not men and negatively associated with total peripheral resistance at peak exercise in women (r≥0.43, P≤0.023). Adjustment by adiposity-related or cardiovascular risk factors did not alter results. In conclusion, leg and arm LBM independently associate with internal cardiac dimensions, ventricular relaxation, and systemic vascular resistance in a sex-specific manner, with these relationships exclusively present in women. Description Lean body mass in women but not men is independently associated with major determinants of the functional capacity of the circulatory system. Differences of the heart Physiological dimorphisms between men and women have the potential to reshape our understanding of both health and disease. Examining a cohort of healthy lean adults, Diaz-Canestro et al. found that systemic and peripheral cardiovascular parameters including left ventricular size, diastolic function, and peripheral resistance are associated with lean body mass in women but not in men. Although these relationships await investigation in other patient populations, the sex-specific relationship of lean body mass to cardiovascular capacity may have relevance for cardiovascular interventions and risk of heart failure.