Hasil untuk "Crisis management. Emergency management. Inflation"

JianKun Fu, Yan Li, Liang Yu et al.

Large subway stations have many exits. Selecting the correct exit is crucial for pedestrian evacuation during a disaster. Thus, the intelligent guidance of pedestrians is necessary during an evacuation. In this study, a small-scale multi-exit evacuation experiment is conducted in an H-type subway station using lighted guidance signs to indicate the real-time pedestrian density at the exit. Three experimental scenarios are investigated: evacuation with no lighted guidance signs; evacuation with lighted guidance signs; and evacuation with lighted guidance signs in a low-view environment. The exit choice model and the social force model with pedestrian classification are used, and a density threshold is incorporated into the exit choice model for numerical simulation. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results. The results show that pedestrians are more inclined to choose wider exits when no lighted guidance signs are used. The lighted guidance signs significantly improve evacuation efficiency, and this effect is more pronounced for fewer insensitive pedestrians (10 or 20 people). The lighted guidance signs are less effective in a low-view environment, and the exit width is a more crucial factor in choosing an exit.

Shuo Wang, Mingguang Zhang, Mengchen Liu et al.

The complexity and diversity of road transport environments and the unique nature of hazardous chemicals pose significant challenges in quantifying the risk of accidents in the transport of hazardous chemicals, and further research is still needed to assess the possibility of real-time accidents. In this study, 1,115 Chinese hazardous chemical road transport accidents are analysed, and 120 accident chains are constructed to reveal the development law of the accidents. Based on the Bow-tie theory, a qualitative inference Bow-tie diagram for multi-hazard coupled accidents in road transport of hazardous chemicals was constructed to show the evolution of the accidents. The mapping relationship between the Bow-tie diagram and the Bayesian network is established, and the Bayesian network structure is constructed to achieve the dynamic real-time accident possibility assessment combining quantitative and qualitative. In the example application, data collection every 30 s, and real-time accident probability calculations are realised, which verifies the feasibility and reasonableness of the model and method in this study and has important theoretical significance and application value for the prevention of road transport accidents of hazardous chemicals.

David Gomez-Schwartz, Mauricio Castillo-Vergara, Oscar Contreras González et al.

Purpose – The prolonged drought in Chile’s Coquimbo region has created a permanent state of emergency, forcing the state to spend millions each year distributing drinking water to rural communities. The purpose of this article is to detail a study focused on optimizing the supply of drinking water through trucks in the 15 communes of the region and how the problem was faced in a context of a slowonset disaster. Design/methodology/approach – A geo-referenced census and optimization analysis of the 5.541 households that receive drinking water was conducted to determine the feasibility of removing trucks from the system. To generate a greater reduction in distribution costs, it was suggested to incorporate water distribution infrastructure projects, changing the concept of ‘expenses’ to ‘investment’. Findings – The study was born out of the concern for the increased demand for drinking water from rural areas. The proposed and implemented framework allowed an additional 20% reduction in the initial transportation costs; this confirmed the assumption that the proposed optimization model alone would not offer a robust solution and was complemented and integrated with this type of alternative, forming an “integrated model”. Research limitations/implications – The paper has implications for the resilience of territories affected by climate change. Practical implications – The methodology can be replicated in other areas where similar interactions occur. Social implications – Families impacted by drought can improve their quality of life and reduce distress in the face of the constant emergency. Originality/value – This research aims to contribute knowledge from the perspective of a slow-onset disaster where water resources are scarce. It presents a framework where two disciplines converge, resulting in an “integrated model” that, through its implementation, reduces the costs of resource delivery while simultaneously improving the sanitary conditions of the beneficiary families.

Карина Викторовна Закалинская, Андрей Валерьевич Суриков, Наталья Владимировна Зайнудинова

Цель. Изучить теоретические аспекты создания электронных средств обучения для детей младшего школьного возраста, включая психолого-педагогические особенности и отличительные признаки геймификации в образовании, а также влияние электронных устройств на развитие детей данной возрастной группы, и определить основные подходы к проектированию указанного методического обеспечения. Методы. Общая методология работы предусматривала использование теоретических методов исследования (анализ и синтез) и социологического метода получения информации. Результаты. Проведен обзор и анализ научных и литературных источников, посвященных психолого-педагогическим особенностям и отличительным признакам геймификации в образовании, а также влиянию электронных устройств на развитие детей младшего школьного возраста. Представлены результаты исследования мнения родителей младших школьников об использовании в жизни их детей электронных устройств. Определены основные подходы к проектированию электронных средств обучения, предназначенных для формирования культуры безопасности жизнедеятельности детей младшего школьного возраста. Область применения исследований. Полученные результаты исследований могут быть применены при проектировании и создании электронных средств обучения детей младшего школьного возраста вопросам безопасности жизнедеятельности.

Patrick Prieur, Aline Belloni

With the evolution of process approaches within organizations, the increasing importance of quality management systems (like ISO 9001) and the recent introduction of ISO 30401 for knowledge management, we examine how these different elements converge within the framework of an Integrated Management System. The article specifically demonstrates how an ISO30401-compliant knowledge management system can be implemented by deploying the mechanisms of the SECI model through the steps of the PDCA cycle as applied in the processes of the integrated management system.

Norrie Tierney, Bernard McCarthy, Naomi Davies

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are set to rise with the global ageing population. Prevalence will continue to significantly impact people's quality of life and healthcare expenditure. Emergency nurses are ideally placed to highlight the importance of screening, and treatment, to the public. For emergency nurses to impart information to patients it is essential they have accurate, evidence-based knowledge. This study aims to determine if emergency nurses' knowledge of osteoporosis is sufficient to educate the public. METHOD A cross sectional descriptive design of 210 emergency nurses using the 'Osteoporosis Knowledge Questionnaire' (OKQ) was administered in four hospitals in the West of Ireland. Data was analysed using SPSS v28. RESULTS A 66 % response rate was achieved. The mean score on the OKQ was 12.13 out of a possible 22. This suggests emergency nurses' knowledge of osteoporosis is substandard. Level of education has the greatest impact on participants (p = 0.005). Results indicated that emergency nurses acknowledge their responsibility regarding health promotion but lack the knowledge to undertake the role. CONCLUSION Emergency nurses play a pivotal role in reducing osteoporosis and fragility fractures, by disseminating information to patients on prevention and management. This study highlighted that educational initiatives are required to address the deficiencies amongst emergency nurses' understanding of osteoporosis. Enhancing knowledge will inevitably lead to increased public awareness in tackling this global health crisis.

Виктор Павлович Шейнов, Виктор Александрович Карпиевич

Цель. Выявить взаимосвязи между детско-родительскими отношениями и формированием представления детей о безопасности в цифровом мире. Методы. В исследоваии использовались: короткая версия опросника зависимости от смартфона САС-16 (автор В.П. Шейнов), опросник зависимости от социальных сетей ЗСС-15 (авторы В.П. Шейнов, А.С. Девицын), разработанный авторами опросник изучения детско-родительских отношений, анкета представлений о психологической безопасности Н.Е. Харламенковой. Для получения результатов использовались количественный и качественный методы исследования. Основой эмпирического исследования послужили результаты тестирования 1323 респондентов. Результаты. Показано, что плохие отношения детей с родителями имеют связь с развитием зависимости от смартфонов и социальных сетей. Это негативно сказывается на формировании представлений о безопасности в детском возрасте. Зависимость детей от смартфона имеет связь с плохим отношением с отцами. Для представителей поколения Z выявлена положительная связь между зависимостью от смартфона и тем, как часто их ругали в детстве. Выявлено, что зависимость от социальных сетей напрямую связана с плохим взаимоотношением женщин всех возрастов со своими матерями. Для поколения Х и Z установлена отрицательная взаимосвязь между зависимостью от социальных сетей и хорошими отношениями с их отцами. У молодых людей такие понятия, как «родители» и «отношения с родителями» не ассоциируются с понятием «безопасность». Область применения исследований. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы специалистами, занимающимися формированием культуры безопасности жизнедеятельности, а также педагогами в разъяснительной работе с родителями по профилактике возникновения зависимости от смартфонов и от социальных сетей, а также по гармонизации детско-родительских взаимоотношений. Этому может способствовать проведение семейных праздников и других мероприятий, направленных на формирование позитивных семейных отношений и на обучение детей цифровой грамотности.

Максим Сергеевич Закрута

Цель. Обзор методов анализа рисков HAZOP/HAZID для выявления возможности их применения к элементам пожарной безопасности на промышленных объектах. Методы. Анализ рисков в системе управления безопасностью промышленных объектов. Системный подход к выявлению потенциальных опасностей и эксплуатационных проблем производственного объекта. Результаты. Проведен анализ методов HAZOP и HAZID. Рассмотрены преимущества и недостатки этих методов, а также способы их использования в оценке рисков и управлении рисками на промышленных объектах. Область применения исследований. Анализ последствий внедрения опасных факторов на ранних этапах разработки проектной документации. Разработка реестра типичных опасных факторов и последствий. Детальный анализ опасных факторов и рисков на всех этапах жизненного цикла производственного объекта.

Chutian Ma, Paul Smith

We consider a simplified model for optimizing a single-asset portfolio in the presence of transaction costs given a signal with a certain autocorrelation and cross-correlation structure. In our setup, the portfolio manager is given two one-parameter controls to influence the construction of the portfolio. The first is a linear filtering parameter that may increase or decrease the level of autocorrelation in the signal. The second is a numerical threshold that determines a symmetric "no-trade" zone. Portfolio positions are constrained to a single unit long or a single unit short. These constraints allow us to focus on the interplay between the signal filtering mechanism and the hysteresis introduced by the "no-trade" zone. We then formulate an optimization problem where we aim to minimize the frequency of trades subject to a fixed return level of the portfolio. We show that maintaining a no-trade zone while removing autocorrelation entirely from the signal yields a locally optimal solution. For any given "no-trade" zone threshold, this locally optimal solution also achieves the maximum attainable return level, and we derive a quantitative lower bound for the amount of improvement in terms of the given threshold and the amount of autocorrelation removed.

Michiel Van Kenhove, Maximilian Seidler, Friedrich Vandenberghe et al.

The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT), edge, and embedded devices in the past decade has introduced numerous challenges in terms of security and configuration management. Simultaneously, advances in cloud-native development practices have greatly enhanced the development experience and facilitated quicker updates, thereby enhancing application security. However, applying these advances to IoT, edge, and embedded devices remains a complex task, primarily due to the heterogeneous environments and the need to support devices with extended lifespans. WebAssembly and the WebAssembly System Interface (WASI) has emerged as a promising technology to bridge this gap. As WebAssembly becomes more popular on IoT, edge, and embedded devices, there is a growing demand for hardware interface support in WebAssembly programs. This work presents WASI proposals and proof-of-concept implementations to enable hardware interaction with I2C and USB, which are two commonly used protocols in IoT, directly from WebAssembly applications. This is achieved by running the device drivers within WebAssembly as well. A thorough evaluation of the proof of concepts shows that WASI-USB introduces a minimal overhead of at most 8% compared to native operating system USB APIs. However, the results show that runtime initialization overhead can be significant in low-latency applications.

Roman Lukyanenko

In an era dominated by information technology, the critical discipline of data management remains undervalued compared to the innovations it enables, such as artificial intelligence and social media. The ambiguity surrounding what constitutes data management and its associated activities complicates efforts to explain its importance and ensure data are collected, stored and used in a way that maximizes value and avoids failures. This paper aims to address these shortcomings by presenting a simple framework for understanding data management, referred to as MAGIC. MAGIC encompasses five key activities: Modeling, Acquisition, Governance, Infrastructuring, and Consumption support tasks. By delineating these components, the MAGIC framework provides a clear, accessible approach to data management that can be used for teaching, research and practice.

S. Laghari

Sindh is the worst affected province by the floods-2022 in the country, having affected more than 12.4 million people in the province. Pakistan Red Crescent Society (PRCS) is auxiliary to Govt of Pakistan with the motive of health system strengthening. PRCS played a remarkable during emergency situations such as during the flood disaster 2022 in Pakistan, to understand the patient's need for services PRCS along dedicated volunteers, respond in the worst flood-affected districts of Sindh including Larkana, Sehwan-Janshoro, Jacobabad, Thatta and Dadu. We used a mixed method approach for this research study, qualitative and quantitative evidence-based data was collected during emergency response interventions in the Sindh during the flood response. Qualitative data was achieved from text, videos, images and focus group interviews. Additionally, quantitative data was also received from mobile health teams and Psycho-Social Supporters. We developed a successful Emergency Medical Services response model that can be replicable at national and international level. Specific Achievement: (1)-Mobile Health Teams to reach the most vulnerable communities as the infrastructure was damaged (2)-Public Health awareness campaigns and IEC material on disease prevention. (3)-Hygiene sessions along with hygiene kits and menstrual hygiene management (MHM) awareness (4)-Psycho-Social Support for flood affected population. Pakistan Red Crescent played a pivotal role in the emergency medical services provision. Our research signifies the role of volunteers in providing immediate medical care, mobilizing resources, and ensuring effective coordination to address medical emergencies effectively. It highlights the dedication of PRCS and its contribution in the health systems strengthening. On the basis of our successful model of medical care services in the flood affected areas, we began rehabilitation phase in the health sector with the development and rebuilding of Basic Health Units, MHPSS and PSS program we ‘re planning to initiate more interventions such as, emergency ambulance services across Pakistan, development of most modern data management systems including cloud base volunteer management system and a replicable model of Mobile Health Units to response in emergencies and humanitarian crisis.

Bryan Stocker, Shobhit Jain, Lina Patel et al.

Objective The aim of this study was to describe how specific mental health–trained social workers can assist in the evaluations and follow-up of patients presenting with mental health concerns in the pediatric emergency department (ED). Methods Work was performed at a quaternary children's hospital ED with 95,000 annual ED visits across 2 locations. Patients requiring mental health services identified based on presenting complaint or from universal suicide screen were included. Emergency department team first evaluates the patients for medical screening and then consults a team of social workers specialized in acute mental health screening (AMHS). The team evaluates and provides recommendation for disposition and assists in plan completion. For patients not admitted, AMHS team makes 24- and 48-hour calls to ensure safety. We collected and analyzed the data on all eligible patients from September 2015 through June 2019 for (1) demographic information, (2) trends in number of consults to AMHS, (3) disposition plans and trends by year, and (4) frequency of follow-up phone calls. Results A total of 5950 patient visits were reviewed, for 4454 distinct patients. Most patients were 12 to 17 years of age, female, and White, with Medicaid being the predominant insurance. The most common chief complaint was suicidal ideation/plan/attempt. Self-referrals were the majority of assessments, and 59% of patients were already receiving mental health services. Median team response time was 19 minutes. There was an upward trend in consults. Psychiatric hospitalization was the most common disposition; more than 95% of the other visits had timely follow-up phone calls. Conclusion Despite an increasing number of patients presenting to the ED with mental health crisis, safe and efficient management is possible with ED staff–social worker partnership. This approach can ensure that eligible patients receive consistent and evidence-based evaluations and can allow ED clinicians to respond to medical emergencies that require their attention.

Bokolo Anthony Jnr., Selwyn Noel

PurposeThe Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has already had a significant disruptive impact on the society, posing challenges to the provision of education across the world. Due to this crises governments over the world have temporarily closed educational institutions to help reduce the spread of COVID-19. Accordingly, educational institutions are deploying innovative emergency remote teaching (ERT) and virtual learning (VL) approaches for students to study at home. Digital technologies are being employed as a positive response to COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study draws on existing literature and theories of online learning and change management to provide evidence on the state of art of ERT and VL.Design/methodology/approachThis current study employs a systemic review of 53 sources to provide descriptive analysis leveraging on secondary sources from the literature and document reports on theories of online learning and change management, COVID-19, pandemic, emergency remote teaching and virtual learning.FindingsFindings from this study present the theories of online learning and change management and significance and challenges of adopting ERT and VL during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, our findings present application platforms that are being deployed for the adoption of ERT and VL during and after COVID-19 pandemic. Lastly, the findings explore potential strategies as recommendations to be employed to improve current and future adoption of ERT and VL in educational institutions.Originality/valueThis study draws on existing literature and adds to existing body of knowledge by exploring the adoption of emergency remote teaching and virtual learning during and after COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides a timely guide on the potential of emergency remote teaching and virtual learning in higher education as a response to COVID-19 crises now and into the future. This study discusses the theories of online learning and change management and also offers recommendations to educationalists and policymakers in educational institutions on addressing the crisis.

Pinkun Guo, Chuanqing Xu, Junchen Lu et al.

Experiments of premixed syngas/air explosion inside parallel narrow channels were conducted. The flame propagation, explosion pressure and temperature inside the narrow channel are investigated to find out the effect of narrow channel spacing on the explosion. The experimental results show that the narrow channel spacing has an influence on the flame before and inside the parallel narrow channels. The flame inside the narrow channels accelerates and reaches a peak value at the middle or rear of the channel. The flame front velocity, the maximum explosion Pmax and the maximum explosion flame temperature Tmax decrease as the channel spacing decreases. The channel wall has an effect of heat dissipation on the flame, resulting in the explosion inside the channel weakening. The explosion pressure in rear of the narrow channel is larger than that in the front of the narrow channel.

Wentao Zhang, Yilei Zhao, Shuo Sun et al.

Portfolio management (PM) is a fundamental financial trading task, which explores the optimal periodical reallocation of capitals into different stocks to pursue long-term profits. Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently shown its potential to train profitable agents for PM through interacting with financial markets. However, existing work mostly focuses on fixed stock pools, which is inconsistent with investors' practical demand. Specifically, the target stock pool of different investors varies dramatically due to their discrepancy on market states and individual investors may temporally adjust stocks they desire to trade (e.g., adding one popular stocks), which lead to customizable stock pools (CSPs). Existing RL methods require to retrain RL agents even with a tiny change of the stock pool, which leads to high computational cost and unstable performance. To tackle this challenge, we propose EarnMore, a rEinforcement leARNing framework with Maskable stOck REpresentation to handle PM with CSPs through one-shot training in a global stock pool (GSP). Specifically, we first introduce a mechanism to mask out the representation of the stocks outside the target pool. Second, we learn meaningful stock representations through a self-supervised masking and reconstruction process. Third, a re-weighting mechanism is designed to make the portfolio concentrate on favorable stocks and neglect the stocks outside the target pool. Through extensive experiments on 8 subset stock pools of the US stock market, we demonstrate that EarnMore significantly outperforms 14 state-of-the-art baselines in terms of 6 popular financial metrics with over 40% improvement on profit.

Shuvadeep Masanta, Ramyashree Pramanik, Sourav Ghosh et al.

Congestion in traffic is an unavoidable circumstance in many cities in India and other countries. It is an issue of major concern. The steep rise in the number of automobiles on the roads followed by old infrastructure, accidents, pedestrian traffic, and traffic rule violations all add to challenging traffic conditions. Given these poor conditions of traffic, there is a critical need for automatically detecting and signaling systems. There are already various technologies that are used for traffic management and signaling systems like video analysis, infrared sensors, and wireless sensors. The main issue with these methods is they are very costly and high maintenance is required. In this paper, we have proposed a three-phase system that can guide emergency vehicles and manage traffic based on the degree of congestion. In the first phase, the system processes the captured images and calculates the Index value which is used to discover the degree of congestion. The Index value of a particular road depends on its width and the length up to which the camera captures images of that road. We have to take input for the parameters (length and width) while setting up the system. In the second phase, the system checks whether there are any emergency vehicles present or not in any lane. In the third phase, the whole processing and decision-making part is performed at the edge server. The proposed model is robust and it takes into consideration adverse weather conditions such as hazy, foggy, and windy. It works very efficiently in low light conditions also. The edge server is a strategically placed server that provides us with low latency and better connectivity. Using Edge technology in this traffic management system reduces the strain on cloud servers and the system becomes more reliable in real-time because the latency and bandwidth get reduced due to processing at the intermediate edge server.

Havva Arslan Yurumezoglu, Sine Ozmen

Abstract Aim The study was conducted to understand the experiences of nurse managers with regard to the difficulties and opportunities they encountered during the pandemic. Background Although many studies have been carried out to understand how nurses were affected in the COVID‐19 pandemic, there are few studies that treat the experiences of nurse managers. Methods In this qualitative descriptive study with 19 nurse managers working in pandemic management at a university hospital in Turkey during the first three waves of the pandemic, data were collected between April and July 2021 using the semi‐structured interview method. Content analysis was performed to analyse the data. Results Six themes were identified with respect to the experiences of nurse managers during the pandemic. These themes were initial reactions to the crisis, ineffective crisis management, excessive workload, the moral burden in decision‐making, support of colleagues and other multidisciplinary team and nurse manager empowerment. Conclusions The nurse managers had difficulties in their managerial roles during the pandemic. However, they also viewed the crisis as an opportunity because they were able to note the deficiencies in management at all levels of the hospital and their leadership and decision‐making roles took on more importance. Implications for nursing management Nurse managers may use the results of this study to be prepared for the continuing COVID‐19 pandemic and any other emergency circumstances that they may have to face in the future.

E. Dowdell, Suzanne Alderman, Naja Fousheé et al.

INTRODUCTION The misuse of and addiction to opioids are a national public health crisis. The complexity of delivering patient care in emergency departments exposes nurses to stressful work situations with complex patient loads and increasing levels of compassion fatigue. Emergency nurses were asked about their feelings of compassion fatigue while caring for patients with opioid use and/or substance use disorders. METHODS Twenty-four focus groups with emergency nurses (N = 53) at a level I trauma center were conducted in late 2019 and early 2020 are used in this qualitative study using thematic analysis that identified 1 main theme of compassion fatigue with 3 subthemes (nurse frustration with addicted patients, emotional responses, and job satisfaction). RESULTS Findings highlight that emergency nurses working with patients with opioid use and/or substance use disorders are dealing with a number of negative emotional stressors and frustrations, which in turn has increased their levels of compassion fatigue. These nurses repeatedly expressed feelings of increasing frustration with addicted patients, negative emotional responses, and decreasing levels of job satisfaction as components of their compassion fatigue. DISCUSSION These emergency nurses identified 3 areas to improve their compassion: improved management support with encouragement across all work shifts, debriefing opportunities, and more education. Fostering a high level of self-awareness and understanding of how the work environment influences personal well-being are necessary strategies to avoid the frustrations and negative emotional responses associated with compassion fatigue.

Ruan Pretorius, Terence van Zyl

Traditional portfolio management methods can incorporate specific investor preferences but rely on accurate forecasts of asset returns and covariances. Reinforcement learning (RL) methods do not rely on these explicit forecasts and are better suited for multi-stage decision processes. To address limitations of the evaluated research, experiments were conducted on three markets in different economies with different overall trends. By incorporating specific investor preferences into our RL models' reward functions, a more comprehensive comparison could be made to traditional methods in risk-return space. Transaction costs were also modelled more realistically by including nonlinear changes introduced by market volatility and trading volume. The results of this study suggest that there can be an advantage to using RL methods compared to traditional convex mean-variance optimisation methods under certain market conditions. Our RL models could significantly outperform traditional single-period optimisation (SPO) and multi-period optimisation (MPO) models in upward trending markets, but only up to specific risk limits. In sideways trending markets, the performance of SPO and MPO models can be closely matched by our RL models for the majority of the excess risk range tested. The specific market conditions under which these models could outperform each other highlight the importance of a more comprehensive comparison of Pareto optimal frontiers in risk-return space. These frontiers give investors a more granular view of which models might provide better performance for their specific risk tolerance or return targets.