Hasil untuk "Communities. Classes. Races"

Aaron An

Abstract Urban planning is challenging especially rapidly developing areas, making it imperative for decision-makers to be transparent, fair, and data-driven. This study looks at how planning decisions are made in local government in Australia. It compares two cases in Wyndham City where communities asked for the creation of new suburbs. The research uses evidence from council records and voting outcomes. It shows how one vote changed the final decision in both cases. In one case, a vote went against what the community wanted. This finding shows how personal bias and poor judgment can appear in traditional systems of governance. The study finds that technology-assisted decision-making (TADM) can improve openness, fairness, and accountability. The use of new technologies can make decision-making more consistent and more based on evidence. It can also help reflect public views more accurately. The study concludes that TADM should become part of urban governance. It recommends more research and real-world testing to build systems that support fair and sustainable planning outcomes.

Fariz Fadhlillah

This study was conducted in Bandung, the provincial capital of West Java, to reevaluate the tactile paving installation system based on the movement patterns of visually impaired pedestrians in urban networks. Given the rising global prevalence of low vision and blindness, creating inclusive urban environments has become a critical health and social issue. The research aimed to address the gap in accessibility by focusing on how tactile paving can better align with the daily rhythms and needs of visually impaired individuals. Data collection involved interviews, and data analysis utilized a mixed-methods approach. Findings revealed that the movement patterns of visually impaired pedestrians are intricately connected to their essential activities. The study concludes that a hierarchical approach to tactile paving installation can improve efficiency, particularly in cities with limited funding, thus promoting broader and more effective development of inclusive urban networks. These insights are valuable for both immediate facility improvements and future transit-oriented development planning.

Adeniyi Sunday Gbadegesin, Godwin O. Ikwuyatum

Common mental disorders (CMDs) have been on the rise in developing countries. This study set out to unravel the pattern of CMD prevalence in a traditional African city, Ibadan. The study, in addition to socio-economic and demographic variables, takes into cognisance the effect of some peculiar environmental variables. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 was used for CMD screening, and the questionnaire was administered to 1,200 respondents in a cross-sectional survey approach. The results showed that the overall pattern of CMD prevalence is random (Global Moran’s I (P = 0.78, I = 0.00 and Z = 0.29)). Respondents without education reported the highest cases of CMD (48.6%). When combined together, migrants reported 52.5% of the CMDs. The significant variables are food security (β = −0.198), green space (β = −0.057), migration status (β = −0.054), flood-prone residence (β = 0.453), low-quality housing (β = −0.061), frequent recreation participation (β = −0.071), experience of spousal violence (β = 0.199), positive self-rated health (β = −0.134) and positive quality of life (β = −0.205). The predictors of CMD explained about 35.8% of the variation (R2) and an R value of 59.9%. The study showed that CMDs occur among most of the urban population. Adequate media sensitization will have significant ameliorating effects on urban residents.

José Lobo, Rimjhim M. Aggarwal, Marina Alberti et al.

Abstract There is a growing recognition that responding to climate change necessitates urban adaptation. We sketch a transdisciplinary research effort, arguing that actionable research on urban adaptation needs to recognize the nature of cities as social networks embedded in physical space. Given the pace, scale and socioeconomic outcomes of urbanization in the Global South, the specificities and history of its cities must be central to the study of how well-known agglomeration effects can facilitate adaptation. The proposed effort calls for the co-creation of knowledge involving scientists and stakeholders, especially those historically excluded from the design and implementation of urban development policies.

Raffael Beier

This article deals with methodological challenges and presents solutions for the study of people who depart from state-subsidized housing in Ethiopia, Morocco, and South Africa. Having sold or rented out their units, these people have left and now live at dispersed locations. Assuming that many “missing people” leave state housing because of project-related shortcomings, studying the reasons for their departure is crucial to understanding standardized housing programs. “Missing people” urge scholars to emphasize the afterlives of housing policy interventions as a necessary analytical dimension. However, such research is confronted with three major methodological challenges: How is it possible to approach and study people who have disappeared from the area of a housing intervention? How can one link exploratory, in-depth qualitative accounts, rooted in subjective perceptions of the everyday, to potential structural deficiencies of standardized housing interventions? What kind of methodologies may help take into account the temporalities of displacement and resettlement? In order to overcome these challenges, the article presents innovative forms of purposive sampling and discusses analytical strategies, which—based on Clapham’s framework of “housing pathways”—bridge relational and structural perspectives to housing programs.

Nugroho Mardi Wibowo, Yuyun Widiastuti, Siswadi Siswadi

Mitra kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah UD Halwa Indoraya – Jombang, yang memproduksi produk olahan berbahan baku buah salak. Mitra sudah menggunakan sarana pemasaran modern  yaitu website dan media sosial. Namun segmen pasarnya terbatas wilayah Jombang saja. Sejak pandemi covid-19 2019 penjualan produk mitra mengalami fluktuatif tajam bahkan 2020 mengalami penurunan. Pengetahun mitra tentang branding produk sebagai strategi pemasaran sangat minim. Keberadaan kebun mini salak yang dimiliki mitra, mestinya dapat di-branding dan dapat dipakai sarana pemasaran, namun dibiarkan terbengkalai. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini: Pertama meningkatkan omset. Kedua, memperluas segmen pasar. Metode kegiatan ini adalah, pertama pelatihan branding produk olahan salak dan kebun salak mini sebagai distinasi wisata. Kedua, simulasi penyusunan branding produk olahan salak melalui proses diskusi dan brainstorming serta branding kebun mini salak sebagai miniatur kebun salak dan destinasi wisata. Hasil yang dicapai kegiatan ini adalah pertama, tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman mitra dan karyawannya terhadap branding produk sebagai strategi pemasaran cukup baik, sebesar 76,67%. Kedua, mitra dapat melakukan branding produk melalui perbaikan dan pengembangan kemasan sehingga produk dapat dipersepsikan oleh konsumen, memiliki cita rasa nikmat dan bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Ketiga, mitra sudah melakukan branding miniatur kebun salak sehingga dapat berfungsi sebagai destinasi eduwisata dan media pemasaran. Ketiga omset mitra meningkat sebesar 95,04%. Keempat, segmen pasar baru bertambah tiga kabupaten/kota.

Damir Galaz-Mandakovic

A partir de una metodología histórica y antropológica, se describe y analiza un caso de estudio urbano situado en Tocopilla (Chile), ciudad que, por efecto de la industrialización de la mina de Chuquicamata en 1915, a través de The Chile Exploration Company, atestiguó la instalación de una poderosa termoeléctrica que incluyó un Company town, el cual operó con las mismas normas aplicadas en el campamento de Chuquicamata. La termoeléctrica, que fue nacionalizada en 1971 y quedó bajo la gestión de CODELCO, fue privatizada en 1996. Así, la nueva empresa se desligó del rol paternalista y de control obrero y habitacional que ejercía, lo que permitió el surgimiento de un proceso que finiquitó el Company town. Nos interesa caracterizar el tránsito organizacional, material y semántico que se evidenció en dicho campamento desde 1996, entendido como un proceso que se desarrolló en una escena neoliberal y que hemos denominado la transición de una comunidad política hacia una comunidad im-política.

Yanan Liu, Dujuan Yang, Harry J.P. Timmermans et al.

Biking contributes to a better environment by reducing short car trips and improving public health. The street-scale built environment affects the appeal of streets to cyclists, and thus influences route choice behaviour. This study develops a stated choice experiment that systematically varies eight attributes of the built environment to examine preference structure differences pertaining to the street-scale built environment among cyclists in the context of access/egress trip to a metro station. The environment is systematically varied in terms of road length, average number of building floors, retail frontage, cycling facilities at intersections, bike lane width, greenery, lamp density, and crowdedness. Eight hundred and three respondents completed the choice task using face to face interviews in Tianjin, China. Results suggest the existence of two latent classes of cyclists that differ in their preference for the street-scale built environment.

Muhammad Ma'arij Harfadli, Nadia Almira Jordan, Mega Ulimaz

The dominance of the use of synthetic detergents is tends to be high, especially in RT 54 neighborhood Karang Joang Village, North Balikpapan. The use of packaged detergent that produce B3 waste is still unknown by the residents. In addition, the absence of waste management and particular disposal systems also contribute as a negative impact on the environment. The training and socialization activities for making environmentally friendly detergents were carried out to provide information about the basic ingredients for eco-friendly detergent using Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) as a vegetable surfactant, as well as to encourage participants to be able to make detergents independently. The method used in this activity is demonstrations by explaining the stages of manufacture. The process of making detergent is carried out through the preparation stage, the making process and recording in video, using simple tools and materials. Video demonstrations were published on social media so that the dissemination of information was wider than the initial target of the activity. Through this activity, the results obtained were that the stages of making detergents that were not too complicated, so it could be easily understood, especially with a video guide that could be accessed at any time. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v6i1.5025

Stacy Allison-Cassin

Book Review

Erman Aksoy

Purpose The aim of this study is to obtain novel results in current conditions by evaluating the built environment with Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles, in the prevention of crime in urban space. Design/Methodology/Approach The methods of this study; identification of CPTED theories, principles and implementation tools and CPTED principles are evaluated on a particular space due to the fact that the relationship between crime and space varies according to place-specific factors. Therefore, the vicinity of the Hacı Bayram Mosque was determined as the case study area and the physical-spatial characteristics of this area, which is a part of the historical, cultural, religious and tourism centre of the city of Ankara, were defined. Then, the transformation process of the area into a focus of crime and the crime data of 2009-2010 were evaluated with Crime Intensity Analysis to determine the crime types, rates and space-time relationship. It was evaluated whether crime data and CPTED principles were taken into account in the built environment created by the implementation of the 2010 urban design project in the renewal process of the case study area. Finally, with the inferences obtained for the development of CPTED principles and implementation tools, suggestions for the built environment in the study area were developed. Findings CPTED principles applied in urban design projects should be developed with factors such as time-space interaction in the built environment, change of crime types. Values to be preserved in cultural heritage sites and areas adjacent to sacred sites are not obstacles to the implementation of CPTED. Research Limitations/Implications The lack of crime data for the area after 2010 is the most important limitation of this study. Social/Practical Implications The methods and results of this study will contribute to the creation of safe urban spaces and to the planning literature and practices. Originality/Value It has been determined that the effectiveness in the time-space relationship, of the CPTED principles adopted in urban design projects, may decrease after the implementation.

S. M. Tyrrell

Early youth literature focused almost wholly on didacticism, a sort of social justice of puritanical nature, moralizing youth on the straight and narrow. Today's “straight and narrow,” however, is not as clear cut, and social justice exploration through diverse youth literature is a necessary journey for modern youth. This journey steers students into knowledge about multiple cultures, races, gender roles. The author explores the history and inception of early literature for youth in this chapter, then explores ways in which modern issues may be explored in the secondary classroom through projects which both foster student engagement, as well as bring about potential class and community activism, further promoting social justice to, ideally, erase prejudice, one book at a time. While the author uses a few specific books as examples, many books fit these roles and would be relevant to these types of studies and projects.

F. Amjad, Najlaa Atshan Khalaf Al Musawi

A. Kabir

Paris in the interwar years was abuzz with Black dance and dancers. The stage was set since the First World War, when expatriate African Americans first began creating here, through their performance and patronage of jazz, “a new sense of black community, one based on positive affects and experience.”1 This community was a permeable one, where men and women of different races came together on the dance floor. As the novelist Michel Leiris recalls in his autobiographical work, L’Age d’homme, “During the years immediately following November 11th, 1918, nationalities were sufficiently confused and class barriers sufficiently lowered... for most parties given by young people to be strange mixtures where scions of the best families mixed with the dregs of the dance halls ... In the period of great licence following the hostilities, jazz was a sign of allegiance, an orgiastic tribute to the colours of the moment. It functioned magically, and its means of influence can be compared to a kind of possession. It was the element that gave these celebrations their truemeaning: a religiousmeaning, with communion by dance ... [S]wept along by violent bursts of topical energy, jazz still had enough of a dying civilisation about it, humanity submitting blindly to the machine.”2 Into this already fervid scene burst Josephine Baker with her Charleston and her charisma, and it seemed for awhile that all of Paris had abandoned the kinesis of the everyday for this new form of exhilaration. The French dance critic André Levinson described Baker’s performance in LaRevue Negre as marked with “a wild splendour andmagnificent animality... the plastic sense of a race of sculptors came to life and the frenzy of theAfrican Eros swept over the audience. It was no longer a grotesque dancing girl that stood before them, but the blackVenus that

Nurul Amirah ISA, Wan Mohd Naim WAN MOHD, Siti Aekbal SALLEH et al.

Physical geography and urban characteristics influenced the urban climate conditions. Built-up areas, green urban parks, forest reserves, streets and terrain constitute the climatic interactions within urban areas. These have led to the variation of the urban climate condition throughout the world. Thus, in studying urban climate, the impacts of these factors are crucial to be examined. This study aims to examine the effects of six important factors, namely built-up areas, green covers, terrain elevation, building volume, surface roughness and land use type, which contribute to the variation of the urban climate condition within the Kuala Lumpur City. In this study, the effects of the six factors (urban parameters) towards the air surface temperature variation were statistically tested. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and remote sensing technique, the data needed for the analyses were extracted. The Geographical Information System (GIS) was employed as the analysis platform during the study. Based on the Spearman’s rho and Mann-Whitney U tests, it was identified that the six urban parameters and the air surface temperature variation are correlated. The further investigation conducted using the Kruskall-Wallis test has identified that only five of the urban parameters showed significant effects toward the air surface temperature variation, which are built-up areas, green covers, terrain elevation, building volume and surface roughness while the land use type was excluded. The findings of this study are very crucial as a pioneer research to integrate the urban climatic information in the urban planning decision making in tropical cities like Kuala Lumpur.

Issa Ibrahim Berchin, José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade Guerra

In the past decades, the frequency of epidemics with global importance has increased significantly. Only in the first two decades of the 21st Century, the world has witnessed the epidemics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes, Zika virus, Ebola virus, Yellow Fever, the new COVID-19, besides the traditional influenza and other virus and bacteria. However, due to the high level of globalization, the large-scale population flow and the high reproductive rate of the virus, COVID-19 suddenly affected several countries, infecting hundreds of thousands of people and killing dozens of thousands in the fastest unprecedented crisis ever recorded, which also led to the fasted severe economic crisis on history. This perfect storm of social, economic and health catastrophes caused by the COVID-19 pandemics, directly threatens the world's livelihood and wellbeing and jeopardize the achievement of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainable development is personified by Gaia's definition, implying limits for human activities and urging for a better use of technologies and resources. Although temporary, these changes in human actions set future trends for humanity, changing many aspects of our behavior, which include impacts in culture, technology, healthcare, economy, policy, education and the environment. Which may lead to a new enlightenment based on the need for global solidarity and an urge for the implementation of sustainable development pathways, finally creating a common agenda for the future of humanity as part of the Gaia, not above it.

Begüm Sakar, Olgu Çalışkan

Urban areas dramatically affect the microclimatic conditions of cities, and induce the ‘Urban Heat Island’ (UHI) effect, which generates many undesirable conditions in the living environment. In recent years, several studies have been examined a strong correlation between the morphology of urban areas and the development of heat island intensity. Then the increasing need for climate responsive design approaches calls for the development of new methodical approaches and tools to control the planned (trans)formation of the urban fabrics. Computational modelling techniques, in this context, suggest relevant methodologies to provide an evidence-based design approach to the issue. This research, in this regard, aims to propose a parametric model for analyzing the key morphological components of urban tissues with regards to the UHI intensity on the basis of ‘Sky View Factor’ (SVF) while testing the alternatives in generative manner. The proposed (parametric) model, therefore, stands on the close-correlation between the algorithmic simulation based on the selected parameters and morphological analysis. By the model, SVF values of the different building settings are calculated with reference to the basic building codes of the development planning system in Turkey (i.e. FAR, building height and setback) in an actual context. Then the proposed model is tested in the case of one of the transformation areas in Ankara, Turkey. Eventually, a methodical framework is aimed for a climate responsive urban design process to mitigate urban heat island.

Peter Andrée, Isobel Findlay, David Peacock

The content in this special issue was created in the context of the Community First: Impacts of Community Engagement (CFICE, pronounced “suffice”) partnership research project, funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada beginning in 2012. As you will see in this short video, our project seeks to develop strong community-campus partnerships “by putting community first”.

Burçin Mızrak Bilen

The concepts such as culture, technology, design, or human capital, the tangible benefits of which are vague, are mostly effective in setting the financial value of a company, a work of art, a software, or any product. This situation triggered both sectoral and academic studies intended for analyzing and measuring this vagueness. The subject of what the 'good design' is, which is an important input affecting the value of the physical environment in the cities, and the problematic of its measurability started to occupy the architectural research agenda. The prevalent view that the more intangible benefits are detected and disclosed the more 'good' designs the cities will have has prompted the people who conduct research in this field to develop very comprehensive models. However, these studies that started in the ‘90s unfortunately failed to have the expected impact on creation and development of more livable cities. In this context, to get a better insight of how the financial sector reads these benefits, the subject has been opened up for discussion within the framework of the 'power theory of value', by searching for traces of the differential capitalization and strategic sabotage concepts in the physical space, which are in favor of the rootless transnational capitalist class that is at the center of this theory and the modern-day secular temples owned by the 1% of the architectural patronage who finance the highest budget projects in cities and its spatial dimension have been seen through this lens. As an outcome of the study, different values these temples and the spatial dimension concerning them carry for different actors, and how these different values or benefits are capitalized, and the types of sabotages they cause have been explained in detail, and it has been targeted to make a provocative contribution to the literature.

Conor Senecal, R. J. Widmer, K. Bailey et al.

Background Digital health tools have been associated with improvement of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and outcomes; however, the differential use of these technologies among various ethnic and economic classes is not well known. Objective To identify the effect of socioeconomic environment on usage of a digital health intervention. Methods A retrospective secondary cross-sectional analysis of a workplace digital health tool use, in association with a change in intermediate markers of CVD, was undertaken over the course of one year in 26,188 participants in a work health program across 81 organizations in 42 American states between 2011 and 2014. Baseline demographic data for participants included age, sex, race, home zip code, weight, height, blood pressure, glucose, lipids, and hemoglobin A1c. Follow-up data was then obtained in 90-day increments for up to one year. Using publicly available data from the American Community Survey, we obtained the median income for each zip code as a marker for socioeconomic status via median household income. Digital health intervention usage was analyzed based on socioeconomic status as well as age, gender, and race. Results The cohort was found to represent a wide sample of socioeconomic environments from a median income of US $11,000 to $171,000. As a whole, doubling of income was associated with 7.6% increase in log-in frequency. However, there were marked differences between races. Black participants showed a 40.5% increase and Hispanic participants showed a 57.8% increase in use with a doubling of income, compared to 3% for Caucasian participants. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that socioeconomic data confirms no relevant relationship between socioeconomic environment and digital health intervention usage for Caucasian users. However, a strong relationship is present for black and Hispanic users. Thus, socioeconomic environment plays a prominent role only in minority groups that represent a high-risk group for CVD. This finding identifies a need for digital health apps that are effective in these high-risk groups.