Although a number of comprehensive reviews have examined global ecosystem services (ES), few have focused on studies that assess urban ecosystem services (UES). Given that more than half of the world’s population lives in cities, understanding the dualism of the provision of and need for UES is of critical importance. Which UES are the focus of research, and what types of urban land use are examined? Are models or decision support systems used to assess the provision of UES? Are trade-offs considered? Do studies of UES engage stakeholders? To address these questions, we analyzed 217 papers derived from an ISI Web of Knowledge search using a set of standardized criteria. The results indicate that most UES studies have been undertaken in Europe, North America, and China, at city scale. Assessment methods involve bio-physical models, Geographical Information Systems, and valuation, but few study findings have been implemented as land use policy.
Inspired by postcolonial critiques, urban studies today is characterized by conceptual and methodological experimentation in pursuit of a more global approach to understanding cities. The challenge is to develop methods and theoretical practices which allow conceptual innovation to emerge from any urban situation or urbanization process, sustaining wider conversations while insisting that concepts are open to revision. This maps well on to the core methodological problematic of comparison. Mindful of the strong limits to comparison presented by conventional quasi-scientific methods, this paper sets out the basis for a reformatted comparative method. A new grounding for comparison is proposed, specific to the field of the urban, and a new typology of tactics for undertaking urban comparative research is suggested. The paper weaves together classic approaches and more recent innovations in comparison from within urban studies with a wider philosophical analysis of the issues at stake in reframing the architecture of comparison. The paper stands as an invitation to practise global urban studies differently – comparatively – but also to practise comparison differently, in a way that opens urban studies to a more global repertoire of potential insights. The paper develops this invitation and methodological quest through Marxist political-economy; through actually-existing vernacular comparative practices of urban studies; and through insights gleaned from Gilles Deleuze’s philosophical project. The last section of the paper explains how this new vocabulary of comparative method can be put to work through a review of some recent experiments in the field of global urban studies.
Lincoln R. Larson, Viniece Jennings, Scott Cloutier
Sustainable development efforts in urban areas often focus on understanding and managing factors that influence all aspects of health and wellbeing. Research has shown that public parks and green space provide a variety of physical, psychological, and social benefits to urban residents, but few studies have examined the influence of parks on comprehensive measures of subjective wellbeing at the city level. Using 2014 data from 44 U.S. cities, we evaluated the relationship between urban park quantity, quality, and accessibility and aggregate self-reported scores on the Gallup-Healthways Wellbeing Index (WBI), which considers five different domains of wellbeing (e.g., physical, community, social, financial, and purpose). In addition to park-related variables, our best-fitting OLS regression models selected using an information theory approach controlled for a variety of other typical geographic and socio-demographic correlates of wellbeing. Park quantity (measured as the percentage of city area covered by public parks) was among the strongest predictors of overall wellbeing, and the strength of this relationship appeared to be driven by parks’ contributions to physical and community wellbeing. Park quality (measured as per capita spending on parks) and accessibility (measured as the overall percentage of a city’s population within ½ mile of parks) were also positively associated with wellbeing, though these relationships were not significant. Results suggest that expansive park networks are linked to multiple aspects of health and wellbeing in cities and positively impact urban quality of life.
Abstract This paper develops an agenda for a broadened conceptualisation of urban caring within geographical research. We open by identifying three existing domains of urban care research: examining spaces of care, materialities of care, and asking who are the subjects of care? We then synthesise three platforms that can be the foundation of a geographical theory and approach to urban care. Drawing from feminist care research and recent keystone pieces on urban caring, we argue, first, that there is a need for a broadened conceptualisation of urban care that emphasises the universal need for care and care that supports human and non‐human flourishing. Second, we propose an expanded scale of urban care analysis that attends to the ways that lives are lived within and through the city. Third, we open up an analysis of where care is located in cities, arguing for the value of locating urban care beyond interpersonal care and care through welfare, to urban governance and planning, markets, and more‐than‐human materialities. We conclude by conceptualising how care might inform utopian dreamings for the just and caring city. We challenge urban geographers to think through the possibilities of care to transform cities.
Harshita Jain, Renu Dhupper, Anamika Shrivastava
et al.
Abstract Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges we face today. The impacts of rising temperatures, sea levels, and extreme weather events are already being felt around the world and are only expected to worsen in the coming years. To mitigate and adapt to these impacts, we need innovative, data-driven solutions. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool for climate change adaptation, offering a range of capabilities that can help identify vulnerable areas, simulate future climate scenarios, and assess risks and opportunities for businesses and infrastructure. With the ability to analyze large volumes of data from climate models, satellite imagery, and other sources, AI can provide valuable insights that can inform decision-making and help us prepare for the impacts of climate change. However, the use of AI in climate change adaptation also raises important ethical considerations and potential biases that must be addressed. As we continue to develop and deploy these solutions, it is crucial to ensure that they are transparent, fair, and equitable. In this context, this article explores the latest innovations and future directions in AI-enabled climate change adaptation strategies, highlighting both the potential benefits and the ethical considerations that must be considered. By harnessing the power of AI for climate change adaptation, we can work towards a more resilient, sustainable, and equitable future for all.
Kemacetan merupakan salah satu dampak negatif dari masalah trasnportasi. Pada jam sibuk sering terjadi kemacetan dikarenakan kapasitas jalan yang tidak memadai maka terjadilah ketidakmampuan jalan untuk menangani lalu lintas. Persimpangan Jalan Joglo Raya Baru merupakan persimpangan yang berada di Jalan Joglo Raya, Kecamatan Joglo, Kelurahan Kembangan, Jakarta Barat. Jalan Joglo Raya itu sendiri berada di wilayah pemukiman yang terdapat tempat urusan pemerintahan, Pendidikan, dan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Jalan Basoka Raya dan Jalan Strategi Raya dapat dijadikan jalur alternatif untuk mengurangi kemacetan di titik Persimpangan Jalan Joglo Raya Baru dlihat dari volume lalu lintas dan kapasitas jalan yang ada. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metodologi analisis deskripsi survey dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan survey volume lalu lintas, kapasitas jalan, dan tingkat kemacetan. Volume kendaraan di Jalan Joglo Raya arah Jakarta dan arah Tangerang didapatkan angka 993,08 dengan VCRatio 0,50 dengan kelas kemacetan Level C. Jalan Basoka Raya memiliki volume kendaraan rata-rata 457,44 di kedua arahnya dengan VCRatio 0,092 dengan kelas kemacetan Level A. Sedangkan Jalan Strategi Raya memiliki rata-rata volume kendaraan 229,91 dengan VCRatio 0,092 dengan kelas kemacetan Level A. Masalah kemacetan di Persimpangan Jalan Joglo Baru dapat di atasi dengan menggunakan rekayasa lalu lintas dengan sistem satu arah pada saat jam sibuk.
Abstract South Asian cities are home to nearly 15% of the world's urban population. These cities are experiencing rampant environmental deterioration, making them vulnerable to the impacts of climate change phenomenon, one of which is urban-rural temperature difference known as urban heat island (UHI) effect. While South Asian UHI research publications have tripled since 2000, a comprehensive overview of the experimental results, significant advancements and predominant directions in research is necessary to add clarity to the scientific understanding of tropical and subtropical urban climates and also, to aid city planning and policy-making. A review of 85 original research publications from peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings in last five decades, covering 28 representative South Asian cities, revealed that Delhi, Chennai and Colombo were most frequently studied and satellite imagery based thermal mapping was used predominantly. Results from few significant studies have shown practical implications for energy use and management, human health, comfort and productivity, reducing air pollution and urban land-use planning. With similar patterns of urbanization, geographies and climate types prevailing across international borders, cities in South Asian region could mutually benefit from collaborative multi-disciplinary research efforts and knowledge sharing to competently respond to and manage the detrimental impacts of urban heat islands.
Abstract Modern cities are facing critical environmental and social problems that are difficult to solve using conventional planning approaches due to the cities’ magnitude and complexity. Recent developments in sensing technologies and urban computing, however, integrate new data resources and technologies to tackle these challenges. Popular social networking platforms such as Twitter provide new data sources on important events (e.g., cultural activities, political campaigns, accidents, crises) providing rich knowledge about urban systems and human dynamics. This research is intended to develop a method for effectively monitoring important information during such events and helping with planning and policymaking. We use semantically similar and geographically close geo-topics to represent important local events. This research proposes a data-driven system for detecting and tracking the semantic, spatial, and temporal dynamics of these geo-topics, specifically designed for geo-tagged tweets. The system consists of data preprocessing, geo-topic generation, and geo-topic tracking modules. The preprocessing module can remove robotic and semantically trivial texts. In the geo-topic generation module, we use spatial factors to measure the spatial impacts of geo-tagged tweets by applying an exponential decay function to the pairwise distances between tweets. We then improve the dynamic topic model (DTM) by embedding the spatial factors to enable the generation of geo-topics in semantic, spatial, and temporal dimensions simultaneously. The geo-topic tracking module monitors semantic change by detecting changes in certain keywords’ probabilities and the volumes of tweets belonging to different geo-topics. This module also uses radius of gyration and trajectory-pattern mining to track and analyze the movement patterns of geo-topics. We employed the tracking system in three disaster cases in different U.S. cities to track small-scale emergencies and crises. These implementations demonstrated the effectiveness of the system for identifying and tracking geo-topics at fine temporal and geographic scales. The system also has strong potential in creating planning-related analyses for policy makers, improving the situational awareness of the general public, and serving as a basis for urban information systems that contribute to smart, agile, and resilient city developments.
these ideas to explore alternative material conditions of existence that are explained through three ‘experimental practices’ that link social movements to technoscience. Part three – alterontologies – takes these ideas and applies them to the present day. The first two chapters concern ‘brain matter’ and ‘compositional technoscience’, which, respectively, explore the ways in which humans relate to their brains can influence (and, indeed, limit) the resolution of justice, and how a change in everyday material conditions can enable new modalities of existence, and new engagements with justice. The final chapter of the book, ‘crafting ontologies’, changes tack, using the case study of the maker and hacker culture in the British East Midlands to argue that innovation in technoscience has become an increasingly distributed, and democratic, process. The integration of diverse materials and processes is shown to change both the conditions of knowledge production and the ontological constitution of life. Whilst the book is resolutely interdisciplinary in approach, it engages with a number of ideas – such as posthumanism, more-than-social movements, and technoscience more generally – that underpin some of the most innovative developments in contemporary geographical scholarship. The range of case studies that is presented – from AIDS activism, to HSBC advertising campaigns, to the Struggle for Calais – helps to ground Papadopoulos’s theoretical arguments, and to moderate some of the creative licence that comes from his writing of ‘social science fiction’. Some of the ideas presented here are outstanding in their originality, yet so too are some obfuscated by linguistic complexity. This does not, however, detract from the strength of the core narrative, which consistently and provocatively argues for a reimagination of socio-political organisation and justice in/and the world.
Urban green spaces are conducive to people’s physical, mental, and social health; however, in many cases, these benefits are unevenly distributed in cities. This study explored the equity of urban green spaces in terms of accessibility and spatial morphology, specifically, (1) applied the geographic information system (GIS) accessibility index to the equity of parks in Fuzhou City; (2) discussed the accessibility of parks and the spatial morphological characteristics of streets from a space syntax analysis; (3) examined the correlation between the accessibility of parks in Fuzhou City and the spatial morphology of streets. The results provide a valuable reference for sustainable urban design and planning.
In den letzten Jahren hat die Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) das Thema Wohnen zunehmend in ihren Wahlprogrammen aufgegriffen und für die eigene politische Profilierung genutzt. Der Beitrag zeigt, inwiefern die Thematisierung des Wohnens bei der AfD so formuliert ist, dass es erhebliche Anknüpfungspunkte an rechtes Gedankengut herstellt. Der Beitrag thematisiert die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen für eine kritische Stadtforschung sowie für progressive soziale Bewegungen. Er plädiert dafür, sich der Gefahr der rechten Vereinnahmung des Themas Wohnen bewusst zu sein und sich deutlich von den rechten Übernahmeversuchen abzugrenzen sowie Gegenstrategien zu entwickeln.
Cities. Urban geography, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
El “incendio perfecto” –BBC News– ocurrió el 2014 en Valparaíso, Chile; Patrimonio de la Humanidad UNESCO. Como consecuencias: fallecidos, damnificados y paisaje devastado. Luego de la emergencia comenzó la reconstrucción. Las nuevas viviendas construidas, con sus materialidades, incorporan nuevas percepciones, evidenciando un alto grado de disociación entre la propuesta del plan de reconstrucción y la recuperación del Lenguaje Perceptual del Paisaje local que había antes del incendio. Esto implicaría un nuevo impacto para los habitantes; perder el derecho al barrio, paisaje, identidad y patrimonio. Se propone superar lo anterior mediante una metodología participativa: Lenguaje Perceptual del Paisaje, la cual consiste en transformar la percepción que tienen las personas colectivamente sobre sus paisajes, en un dato lo más objetivo posible. El resultado: develar “claves perceptuales” de la identidad local, útiles para el diseño y gestión, y que reconoce y valora un diagnóstico participativo para establecer directrices y criterios para nuevas intervenciones.
Essam Aldin Ali, Menna Allah Salah Refai Mahmoud, Zienab El-gamily
تمتلک مصر العديد من المناطق التراثية ذات القيمة التي تسعى لرفع کفاءتها الحضرية دون الإخلال بالتوازن الطبيعي بها وتوظيف تراثها التاريخي والثقافي ليکون أکثر فاعلية وجاذبية وتأثيرًا على التنمية السياحية. حيث تسعى الدراسة إلى تطوير المناطق التراثية باستخدام منهجيات التصميم الحضري الشامل لخلق بيئة صحية تلبي احتياجات جميع المستخدمين من مختلف الفئات والأعمار والقدرات ودعم الاستدامة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية معًا، وکذلک استيعاب التغيرات التي يمکن أن تطرأ على المستخدم أثناء حياته اليومية. وتعد عملية تقييم جودة الفراغات الحضرية باستخدام معايير التصميم الحضري الشامل خطوة أولية نحو تفعيل تلک المعايير داخل الفراغ الحضري بهدف تطويره بشکل أکثر کفاءة وملائمة للواقع المحلي. وعليه تناولت الدراسة عرض لمفاهيم ومبادئ ومعايير التصميم الحضري الشامل، وقد تم اختيار جزيرة الالفنتين بأسوان کدراسة حالة نظرًا لما تمتلکه من المقومات الطبيعية والتاريخية بالإضافة إلى الخصوصية الاجتماعية للمجتمع النوبي. ومن خلال استخدام منهج المسح الميداني عن طريق اعداد استبيان ورقي والکتروني لقياس مدى تطبيق معايير التصميم الحضري الشامل داخل جزيرة الالفنتين من وجهة نظر المستخدمين وللوصول لأهم نقاط الضعف والقوه داخل الجزيرة فقد توصلت الدراسة إلى عدم ملائمة الفراغات الحضرية داخل الجزيرة للاستخدام العادل بالإضافة إلى غياب معايير الأمان وحرية الحرکة وغيرها من معايير التصميم الحضري الشامل. کما خلصت نتائج التقييم إلى أن معيار الابتکار من أکثر المعايير تحققًا داخل الجزيرة لما تحمله الجزيرة من طابع نوبي مميز بينما کان معيار إمکانية الوصول موجود ولکن بشکل لا يحقق عدالة الاستخدام.
Egypt has many priceless heritage areas that work to improve its urban efficiency without upsetting the country's ecological balance or cultural legacy to boost tourism. The goal of this paper is to improve heritage sites using universal urban design approaches to produce a wholesome setting that satisfies the needs of all users of different groups, ages, and abilities and promotes economic and social sustainability. The process of assessment of urban space quality by using universal urban design criteria is an important step towards improving and activating the urban space more efficiently and appropriately to the local reality. Elephantine Island had chosen as a case study because it has natural and historical components, in addition to the social peculiarity of the Nubian community. the island was evaluated by using a questionnaire to gauge the degree to applied its urban spaces of universal urban design criteria from the user's view as the first step toward the universal development of the island. The results of the assessment concluded that the innovation criterion is one of the most achieved, as the island has a distinctive Nubian character, while the accessibility criterion was present, but in a way that does not achieve equal use.
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country