Hasil untuk "Building construction"

B. Succar

D. Tranchemontagne, Jose L. Mendoza‐Cortes, M. O'Keeffe et al.

G. Langer, Serge X. Cohen, V. Lamzin et al.

S. Shapin

supported by facts, he believed in the good of the inductive method in all walks of life. He put this to work in studies such as the influences of environment on parameters of behaviour of mice and men. He eventually succeeded in building up a Fondation Francaise pour l'Etude des Problmes Humains in occupied Paris from 1941 to 1944, for which he was much maligned after the liberation. Carrel's views on the ideal conditions for successful research, which arose from the very different situations he had found in France and in the U.S.A., and which Dr. Malinin judiciously extends to our times, make equally useful reading. Except in this chapter and in the section on Carrel's "immortal" strain of fibroblasts in tissue culture, where the conclusion is, however, at variance with that of J. A. Witkowski ('Dr. Carrel's immortal cells', Med. Hist., 1980, 24: 129-142), the author hardly pushes his analysis further than did the shorter biography in English by W. S. and P. D. Edwards (1974) (which is not mentioned in the "Selected References"). Thus it may perhaps be regretted that Carrel's relationship to the views on science expressed simultaneously by his countrymen, Charles Robert Richet (winner of a medical Nobel Prize in 1914) and Lecomte du Noiy (of the Pasteur Institute) are omitted or only cursorily mentioned in the present volume. Lecomte du Nouy in fact claimed in the Introduction to owe his writing of Le temps et la vie (1936) to Carrel's stimulus. Neither is the reader introduced to, for example, Carrel's posthumously published Reflexions sur la conduite de la vie (1950). Scholars will miss more the absence of footnotes than the lack of biographical references to a number of persons introduced in this book. The easily understandable descriptions of complex technical aspects involved in Carrel's experimentation will, however, be appreciated. The book is nevertheless well worth reading by both active scientists and historians as a reminder of a man whose ideas were sometimes termed "visionary" and as a stimulant for future research into a captivating group of modern medical investigators. Ulrich Troehler Medico-Historical Library University of Basle

Jun Chen, C. Poon

Xianbo Zhao, J. Zuo, Guangdong Wu et al.

ABSTRACT This study presents a summary of green building research through a bibliometric approach. A total of 2980 articles published in 2000–2016 were reviewed and analyzed. The results indicated that green building research had been concentrated on the subject categories of engineering, environmental sciences & ecology, and construction & building technology, and the keywords ‘building envelope’ and ‘living wall’ obtained citation bursts in the recent years. Additionally, based on the cluster analysis and content analysis, the hot research topics were identified: green and cool roof, vertical greening systems, water efficiency, occupants’ comfort and satisfaction, financial benefits of green building, life cycle assessment and rating systems, green retrofit, green building project delivery, and information and communication technologies in green building. Knowledge gaps were detected in the areas of corporate social responsibility, the validation of real performance of green building, the ICT application in green building, as well as the safety and health risks in the construction process of green projects. Future research directions are recommended to fill these gaps and extend the body of green building research.

Jiangwei Luo, Mohd Wira Mohd Shafiei, Radzi Ismail

This study addresses the overlooked dynamic interaction between strategic agility and absorptive capacity in turbulent environments, particularly within project-based enterprises where knowledge flows are fragmented. By constructing an integrative framework, it examines how strategic agility influences enterprise performance via absorptive capacity under varying environmental turbulence levels. Using data from 198 Chinese construction industry practitioners and PLS-SEM analysis, results reveal that strategic agility dominates enterprise responses, with absorptive capacity mediating this effect. Notably, in high turbulence, the mediation path buffers the negative impact. The study advances organizational adaptability theory and offers guidance for capability development in turbulent contexts.

Yohanes Parihala, Rachel Iwamony, Olivia R. Sekewael

The Maluku conflict from 1999 to 2004 provides valuable data for building interreligious shared communities. In the pursuit of peace, religion and the local culture of Maluku played a significant role. This article explicitly analyzes the religious and cultural texts that contribute to maintaining the peace of Maluku. This article argues that the Eucharist (Luke 22:14–20) and the shared-meal traditions of makan patita and fayatat in Maluku share common values—sharing, hospitality, sacrifice, and peace—that can be woven together as a model for sustaining interreligious harmony in Maluku. The celebration of the Eucharist is an essential part of Christian tradition, and interreligious people in Maluku still practice makan patita or fayatat. This shared narrative can contribute to building shared interreligious communities. The shared community could become a space to build a life together that embraces each other. This study uses a qualitative research approach by analyzing three main themes, namely exploring the meaning of the Eucharist in Luke 22:14-20; analyzing the practice and value of eating patita or fayatat in Maluku; and ending with the construction of contextual theology by intertwining the Eucharist and makan patita or fayatat as a model for maintaining peace in Maluku.

Luigi Salvatore Rainone, Giuseppina Uva, Siro Casolo

A numerical model based on the heuristic molecule (HM) concept is proposed to evaluate the in-plane and Coulomb-like shear behavior of masonry panels. The model extends the well-established Rigid-Body-Spring Model (RBSM), which demonstrated good effectiveness in the seismic analysis of masonry structures. The proposed advancement introduces two diagonal bond-springs specifically designed to improve the representation of shear damage mechanisms. The performance of this enhanced formulation was assessed through numerical simulations of small-scale shear panel tests experimentally tested in the literature under varying levels of pre-compression, for which dedicated nonlinear stress–strain laws for axial, shear, and diagonal bond-springs were implemented. The results indicate that the proposed model provides an accurate description of the observed behavior while maintaining a limited number of degrees of freedom, thus ensuring computational efficiency. These promising outcomes highlight the model’s potential for future applications, including large-scale dynamic analyses.

Xining Yang, Mingming Hu, Jiangbo Wu et al.

A. Darko, A. Chan

Mohammad K. Najjar, Karoline V. Figueiredo, A. Hammad et al.

Abstract Energy consumption in buildings is a very important issue, where the operational demand is considered to be one of the highest amongst all other sectors of an economy. Moving towards energy efficient buildings is a key factor to achieve sustainability. A novel framework for integrating mathematical optimization, Building Information Modeling, and Life Cycle Assessment to enhance the operating energy efficiency of the resulting building designs adopted, along with reducing the difficulties associated with the construction of the building, in terms of cost of construction, is developed. The framework accommodates various parameters, via integrating mathematical optimization programming, Building Information Modeling, and Life Cycle Assessment to improve the building performance, identify alternative sustainable designs, and empower the decision-making process and sustainability in the construction sector. Through the developed optimization model, the examination of various alternatives for building components that make up the envelope of a residential building is undertaken. Insights gained from the results show that all components of building envelopes influence the energy consumption in buildings, particularly, exterior walls and windows. Impacts in terms of annual energy use intensity can be reduced by about 45%, life cycle energy use and cost can be enhanced by more than 50%, and environmental impacts such as acidification and global warming potential can be reduced by more than 30%, due to use of the proposed framework. This work indicates that sustainable building decisions can be achieved by optimizing the material selection and assessment of environmental impact via Building Information Modeling and life cycle assessment.

Yinqi Zhang, He Wang, Weijun Gao et al.

Since the energy crisis in the 1960s, crucial research and activities were spurred to improve energy efficiency and decrease environmental pollution. To deal with the various problems the construction industry are facing, the concept of green buildings (GBs) has been gradually shaped and put forward all over the world, and green building rating systems (GBRSs) have been developed. The concept of GBs covers a wide range of elements, and its definition is constantly updated as the construction industry develops. This paper compares the development of backgrounds and statuses of green building development in various countries. It also presents an overview of the green building development situation within these countries, summarizing two influences for GB development: one external and the other internal. External factors include GB development policy support, economic benefits, and certification schemes. Internal factors are the development and application of GB technology, the level of building management, and how users interact with the GB technology. Currently, 49 worldwide green building standards and application have been sorted out, including 18 standard expert appraisal systems. Moreover, it discusses the research results and lessons learned from green building projects in different countries and summarizes their achievements and challenges. To correctly understand and use green building technology, it is essential to improve the policy and incentive system, improve the professional quality and technical ability of employees and accredited consultants, constantly develop and update the evaluation system, strengthen technological innovation, and integrate design and management. This paper aims to draw a clear roadmap for national standard development, policy formulation, and construction design companies, provide solutions to remove the obstacles, and suggest research direction for future studies.

Jiayu Chen, Q. Qiu, Yilong Han et al.

Abstract Piezoelectric materials are capable of transforming mechanical strain and vibration energy into electrical energy. This property allows opportunities for implementing renewable and sustainable energy through power harvesting and self-sustained smart sensing in buildings. As the most common construction material, plain cement paste lacks satisfactory piezoelectricity and is not efficient at harvesting the electrical energy from the ambient vibrations of a building system. In recent years, many techniques have been proposed and applied to improve the piezoelectric capacity of cement-based composite, namely admixture incorporation (e.g. lead zirconate titanate, barium zirconate titanate, carbon particles, and steel fibers) and physical treatments (e.g. thermal heating and electrical field application). The successful application of piezoelectric materials for sustainable building development not only relies on understanding the mechanism of the piezoelectric properties of various building components, but also the latest developments and implementations in the building industry. Therefore, this review systematically illustrates research efforts to develop new construction materials with high piezoelectricity and energy storage capacity. In addition, this article discusses the latest techniques for utilizing the piezoelectric materials in energy harvesters, sensors, and actuators for various building systems. With advanced methods for improving the cementitious piezoelectricity and applying the material piezoelectricity for different building functions, more renewable and sustainable building systems are anticipated.

Yeimi Pérez, Jeffer Ávila, Omar Sánchez

Building projects are affected by various phenomena that can affect their success and continuity and, in the worst cases, can lead to project abandonment. The delay has been identified as one of the phenomena with the most significant impact and recurrence; therefore, mitigation actions are required. BIM and Lean Construction are two approaches with great potential to mitigate delay-generating factors. However, more studies need to be conducted to analyze their influence on mitigating schedule delays. Considering this gap, this paper focuses on analyzing the influence of Lean Construction tools, and BIM uses that favor mitigating the main factors that generate variations in the construction schedules of residential buildings. The research method was divided into five main stages: (1) delay factors identification; (2) BIM uses identification; (3) Lean tools identification; (4) questionnaire design, validation, and application; and (5) influence quantitative analysis. A total of 20 delay factors, eight BIM uses, and eight Lean tools were selected. Next, a consultation was conducted with 50 building project managers and two residential building projects were analyzed. The findings show that implementing BIM and Lean tools greatly influences mitigating delay factors such as errors and deficiencies in design documents, inefficient project planning and scheduling, and poor communication and coordination with designers. BIM uses that have a strong influence on reducing delays include 4D construction planning and 4D construction analysis and optimization. In the Lean domain, the Last Planner System (LPS) and collaborative meetings have a high influence on mitigating delays. This study provides valuable insights for construction project managers to improve overall project efficiency by optimizing the implementation of BIM uses and Lean tools.

Jonathan Letzter

The grid plays a prominent role in architecture, aiding in space organization and influencing all aspects of planning, ranging from urban design to intricate building details. This paper posits that the grid receives heightened emphasis in Brutalism, particularly in constructivist Brutalism, where materials and construction are intentionally exposed. A question arises regarding the grid’s characteristics—despite its subtle appearance, the grid can sometimes be deceptive, ambiguous, and manipulative. The paper analyzes the merits and drawbacks of employing the grid in architecture, shedding light on its contributions to both structural and perceptual comprehensibility, as well as its role in increasing usefulness. To illustrate the application and perception of the grid, the paper examines two primary planning levels: urban planning and building design. The case studies focus on examples from New York City housing developments, specifically those constructed between the 1950s and the 1970s, and projects by architect I. M. Pei, which offer valuable insights into practical implementation. The paper concludes that while the grid can establish order, it may also engender an “uncanny” feeling.

C. Llatas, B. Soust-Verdaguer, A. Passer

Abstract The construction sector is a major producer of greenhouse gas and waste. Several studies reveal the close relationship between the design phase and the reduction of environmental impacts caused during the life cycle of buildings, along with better economic and social performance. In order to achieve increasingly eco-efficient buildings, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an objective method to assess and reduce the impact buildings exert on the environment. Nevertheless, current environmental challenges require comprehensive solutions for the integration of the three pillars of sustainability, for which Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) is recognised as an appropriate holistic concept. The present paper conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) which aims to detect opportunities to integrate the LCSA into the building design process and in Building Information Modelling (BIM). The results show that the harmonisation of the three dimensions and the data requirements are main achievements. Based on results obtained, a methodological approach to help on the LCSA implementation in BIM is presented. This proposed LCSA-BIM approach is applied to the Spanish architect's workflow and design stages, to exemplify its purpose.

J. P. Carvalho, L. Bragança, R. Mateus

Abstract The construction industry is responsible for various negative impacts on the environment leading to an increasing demand for sustainable buildings. There are several Building Sustainability Assessment (BSA) methods that allow designers to assess and optimise the building sustainability level. Due to the potential of Building Information Modelling (BIM), the opportunity for BSA methods to adopt and benefit from BIM arises. Despite the benefits in the approach simplification for assessing building sustainability, so far the method has not been used comprehensively in the evaluation process. This paper analyses how using BIM can contribute to optimising BSA methods, focusing on the SBToolPT-H. BIM applicability is assessed and a framework for a BIM-based application – SBToolBIM – is proposed. BIM is still not oriented to sustainable building, but it has great potential. For the SBToolPT-H, results show that it is possible to directly and indirectly assess 24 out of 25 criteria using BIM.

Grzegorz Piotr Kaczmarczyk, Marek Cała

Modeling the meso-scale behavior of a material allows one to answer many problems in an inductive reasoning approach. By simulating the behavior of the sample, researchers can correct the overall behavior of the material. The purpose of this article was to gather the main information linking the issue of tomographic imaging to the modeling of damage mechanisms. This paper addresses the topic of meso-scale modeling of cementitious materials. The authors have mapped the interconnectedness of the issues of cementitious materials and X-ray computed tomography (µCT) according to the Web of Science database. The main interconnecting threads are indicated. The authors focused on the use of µCT. The theoretical basis for conducting tomographic measurements is presented. Reference was made to the basics of physics and mathematics in X-ray projection and data reconstruction. Tools and analyses for data processing are indicated. The benefits of in situ µCT are indicated with reference to the practical application of the method. In addition, the main developments of recent years in the most widely used computational methods for meso-scale models are presented.

I. Haefliger, Viola John, A. Passer et al.