On 12 November 2024, the Institute of Oriental Studies of NAS RA, with the support of the Bryusov State University (BSU), organized an international conference entitled “The Modernization of China: Armenia-China Relations.” The conference addressed China's modernization, Beijing's vision for current international relations, global security issues, universal human development, and welfare issues. Moreover, the conference aimed to examine the dynamics of Armenia-China relations, their weak and strong sides, and current tendencies. Researchers from the Institute of Russian, East European, and Central Asian Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, a major partner of the Institute of Oriental Studies (IOS), Renmin University of China, and Beijing University of Aviation and Astronautics, participated in the conference. From the Armenian side, researchers from the Institute of Oriental Studies of the NAS RA, BSU, the Armenian State University of Economics, and representatives of institutions cooperating with China participated in the conference.
For a distance set $D$, an oriented graph $\overrightarrow{G}$ is $D$-antimagic if there exists a bijective vertex labeling such that the sum of all labels of $D$-out-neighbors is distinct for each vertex. This paper provides all orientations and all possible $D$s of a $D$-antimagic oriented star. We provide necessary and sufficient condition for $D$-antimagic oriented star forest containing isomorphic oriented stars. We show that for all possible $D$s, there exists an orientation for a star forest to admit a $D$-antimagic labeling.
A short (<150 bp) double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecule ligated end-to-end forms a DNA minicircle. Due to sequence-dependent, nonuniform bending energetics, such a minicircle is predicted to adopt a certain inside-out orientation, known as the poloidal orientation. Despite theoretical and computational predictions, experimental evidence for this phenomenon has been lacking. In this study, we introduce a single-molecule approach to visualize the poloidal orientation of DNA minicircles. We constructed a set of DNA minicircles, each containing a single biotin located at a different position along one helical turn of the dsDNA, and imaged the location of biotin-bound NeutrAvidin relative to the DNA minicircle using atomic force microscopy (AFM). We applied this approach to two DNA sequences previously predicted to exhibit strongly preferred poloidal orientations. The observed relative positions of NeutrAvidin shifted between the inside and outside of the minicircle with different phases, indicating distinct poloidal orientations for the two sequences. Coarse-grained simulations revealed narrowly distributed poloidal orientations with different mean orientations for each sequence, consistent with the AFM results. Together, our findings provide experimental confirmation of preferred poloidal orientations in DNA minicircles, offering insights into the intrinsic dynamics of circular DNA.
This paper examines the rooms with drainage facilities of the Neo-Babylonian dwellings in Babylon-Merkes, which Reuther interprets as bathrooms or toilets in his excavation report. This interpretation will be reappraised by asking the following questions: is it possible to understand Neo-Babylonian attitudes to hygiene in dwellings in Babylon-Merkes, to identify specific rooms in which measures were undertaken influenced by such attitudes, and to link such precautions to a specific social class? If not, can another interpretation for drained rooms be proposed relying on the Akkadian words used for individual rooms and features? The final aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential functions of drainage systems in residential areas.
Oriental languages and literatures, Asian. Oriental
The eight papers collected in this section stem from the two-days’ international workshop Scribes and Librarians at Work. Making, Writing, Marking, and Handling Tablets in 1st Mil. BC Mesopotamian Libraries, organized by Paola Corò and Stefania Ermidoro and hosted by Ca’ Foscari University Venice on the 26th-27th of April 2023.
Oriental languages and literatures, Asian. Oriental
A simply connected topological space is called \emph{rationally elliptic} if the rank of its total homotopy group and its total (co)homology group are both finite. A well-known Hilali conjecture claims that for a rationally elliptic space its homotopy rank \emph{does not exceed} its (co)homology rank. In this paper, after recalling some well-known fundamental properties of a rationally elliptic space and giving some important examples of rationally elliptic spaces and rationally elliptic singular complex algebraic varieties for which the Hilali conjecture holds, we give some revised formulas and some conjectures. We also discuss some topics such as mixd Hodge polynomials defined via mixed Hodge structures on cohomology group and the dual of the homotopy group, related to the ``Hilali conjecture \emph{modulo product}", which is an inequality between the usual homological Poincaré polynomial and the homotopical Poincaré polynomial.
This article looks at a particular Gaddi community living in high-altitude settlements in Chamba District, in western Himachal Pradesh. It focuses on local interpretations and discourses around changes in climate and examines the impacts on local practices and routines. Offering a different perspective to broad-brush depictions of the climate crisis, it seeks to “bring back to earth” and humanize larger statistical analyses. I show how it can be hard to disentangle climate-driven change from wider socio-economic drivers of change because they are so interwoven in local discourse. Drawing on Ingold’s dwelling perspective and his conception of “taskscapes,” this account shows how changes in seasonal patterns are integrated into people’s routines and practices and a “new normal” seasonality or temporality emerges. In this process, the primary local benchmark for Chobia’s inhabitants is their new road, carrying the weight of local narratives about climate change as well as moral evaluations about changes in human character, for which Lord Shiva is the ultimate arbiter. It is through the prism of local reflection about the new road that a dynamic co-creation of climate and human society becomes evident.
In this work we study the acyclic orientations of graphs. We obtain an encoding of the acyclic orientations of the complete $p$-partite graph with size of its parts $n_1,n_2,\ldots,n_p$ via a vector with $p$ symbols and length $n=n_1+n_2+\ldots+n_p$ when the parts are fixed but not the vertices in each part. We also give a recursive way to construct all acyclic orientations of a complete multipartite graph, this construction can be done by computer easily in order $\mathcal{O}(n)$. Furthermore, we obtain a closed formula for non-isomorphic acyclic orientations of both the complete multipartite graphs and the complete multipartite graphs with a directed spanning tree. Moreover, we obtain a closed formula for the number of acyclic orientations of a complete multipartite graph $K_{n_1,\ldots,n_p}$ with labelled vertices. Finally, we obtain a way encode all acyclic orientations of an arbitrary graph as a permutation code. Using the codification mentioned above we obtain sharp upper and lower bounds of the number of acyclic orientations of a graph.
Angel Garcia-Chung, Marisol Bermúdez-Montaña, Peter F. Stadler
et al.
High-order structures have been recognised as suitable models for systems going beyond the binary relationships for which graph models are appropriate. Despite their importance and surge in research on these structures, their random cases have been only recently become subjects of interest. One of these high-order structures is the oriented hypergraph, which relates couples of subsets of an arbitrary number of vertices. Here we develop the Erdős-Rényi model for oriented hypergraphs, which corresponds to the random realisation of oriented hyperedges of the complete oriented hypergraph. A particular feature of random oriented hypergraphs is that the ratio between their expected number of oriented hyperedges and their expected degree or size is 3/2 for large number of vertices. We highlight the suitability of oriented hypergraphs for modelling large collections of chemical reactions and the importance of random oriented hypergraphs to analyse the unfolding of chemistry.
The research featured the biography of Alexander A. Semenov (1873–1959), an outstanding expert in Asian Studies, who made a great contribution to Soviet and global oriental scholarship. The paper focuses on his work at the Turkestan Committee for Museums and Protection of Antiquities, Art, and Nature (Turkomstaris) and the Central Asian Committee for Museums and Protection of Antiquities, Art, and Nature (Sredazkomstaris) in 1921–1928. The research involved articles published by A. A. Semyonov in 1926 and 1928 in the Proceedings of the Central Asian Committee, as well as valuable data from publications made by Professor A. M. Mironov and Chairman of Sredazkomstaris D. I. Nechkin. A. A. Semyonov owed his education to the outstanding teaching staff of Lazarev Institute: V. F. Miller, N. N. Kharuzin, F. E. Korsh, and M. O. Attai. His scientific worldview was shaped under the influence of orientalist V. V. Barthold.
History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, Psychology
Anamaria Andreea Anghel, Joseph Cabeza-Lainez, Yingying Xu
The purpose of this article is to disclose the strenuous efforts of László Hudec in China and Antonin Raymond in Japan and India to create a modern architectural stance by heralding an incipient space syntax. At the turn of the 19th century, for dynastic, political and economic reasons, Eastern Asia had very little modern architecture. It is a surprising fact that, out of happenstance, two European architects, Antonin Raymond and László Hudec, had to intervene to remedy this situation, to the point of becoming 20th century icons in Japan and China. Their fruitful careers spanned over thirty years and included locations like Tamil Nadu and the Philippines. The oriental territories were not an easy ground for the bold architectural achievements that they produced. Despite faraway strangeness and uncountable personal losses, in revolutions and wars, which eventually forced them both to leave for the United States of America and never to return, they were successful in the manner of establishing a broad avenue for modern Asian architecture which is still recognizable today thanks to their systematic approach. However, theirs is an endangered heritage and the intention of this article is to offer a just remembrance of the way in which such actions could be performed, how they predated by many years a syntactic approach to architectural composition and why their legacy should be preserved.
The Tutte polynomial is a fundamental invariant of graphs and matroids. In this article, we define a generalization of the Tutte polynomial to oriented graphs and regular oriented matroids. To any regular oriented matroid $N$, we associate a polynomial invariant $A_N(q,y,z)$, which we call the A-polynomial. The A-polynomial has the following interesting properties among many others: 1. a specialization of $A_N$ gives the Tutte polynomial of the unoriented matroid underlying $N$, 2. when the oriented matroid $N$ corresponds to an unoriented matroid (that is, when the elements of the ground set come in pairs with opposite orientations), the $A$-polynomial is equivalent to the Tutte polynomial of this unoriented matroid (up to a change of variables), 3. the A-polynomial $A_N$ detects, among other things, whether $N$ is acyclic and whether $N$ is totally cyclic. We explore various properties and specializations of the A-polynomial. We show that some of the known properties or the Tutte polynomial of matroids can be extended to the A-polynomial of regular oriented matroids. For instance, we show that a specialization of $A_N$ counts all the acyclic orientations obtained by reorienting some elements of $N$, according to the number of reoriented elements.
Let $M$ be a connected compact orientable surface, $f:M\to \mathbb{R}$ be a Morse function, and $h:M\to M$ be a diffeomorphism which preserves $f$ in the sense that $f\circ h = f$. We will show that if $h$ leaves invariant each regular component of each level set of $f$ and reverses its orientation, then $h^2$ is isotopic to the identity map of $M$ via $f$-preserving isotopy. This statement can be regarded as a foliated and a homotopy analogue of a well known observation that every reversing orientation orthogonal isomorphism of a plane has order $2$, i.e. is a mirror symmetry with respect to some line. The obtained results hold in fact for a larger class of maps with isolated singularities from connected compact orientable surfaces to the real line and the circle.