Hasil untuk "physics.app-ph"

J. Dressman, R. Berardi, Lambros C. Dermentzoglou et al.

E. Fourest, J. Roux

Jan M. Antosiewicz, J. McCammon, Michael K. Gilson

J. Tilburn, S. Sarkar, David A.Widdick1 et al.

F. Duprat, F. Lesage, M. Fink et al.

Peter Burgholzer, Lukas Gahleitner, Guenther Mayr

In non-destructive and biomedical imaging, spatial patterns inside a sample are imaged without destroying it. Therefore, propagating waves, including electromagnetic or ultrasonic signals, or even diffuse heat are generated or modified by these internal patterns and transmit this structural information to the sample surface. There, the signals can be detected, and an image of the internal structure can be reconstructed from the measured signals. The amount of information about the interior of the sample that can be obtained from the detected signals at the sample surface is significantly influenced by the propagation from the internal structure to the surface. In the real world, all signal propagation is more or less irreversible. The entropy generated during propagation corresponds to the loss of information. In an idealized model, such propagating waves, called virtual waves, are described by the wave equation. They remain valid solutions of this equation when the direction of time is reversed, thus exhibiting reversibility and showing no entropy production and therefore no loss of information during propagation. We have used the locally computed virtual waves from the measured diffusive surface signals for image reconstruction using established time-of-flight methods from ultrasound or RADAR imaging. This improves the spatial resolution in thermography and compensates for the dispersion of quantum wave packets in atom probe tomography.

Ikra Shuvo, Carlos D. Diaz-Marin, Marvin Christen et al.

Atmospheric water harvesting technology, which extracts moisture from ambient air to generate water, is a promising strategy to realize decentralized water production. However, the prohibitively high energy consumption of heat-induced evaporation process of water extraction hinders the technology deployment. Here we demonstrate that vibrational mechanical actuation can be used instead of heat to extract water from moisture harvesting materials, offering about forty-five-fold increase in the extraction energy efficiency. We report the energy consumption for water extraction below the enthalpy of water evaporation, thus breaking the thermal limit of the energy efficiency inherent to the state-of-the-art thermal evaporation and making atmospheric water harvesting technology economically feasible for adoption on scale.

W. Charman, C. Porter, Sabena D. Mithani et al.

Zhongqiang Hu, Qiuyuan Wang, Chung-Tao Chou et al.

Nonlinear phenomena represent one of the central topics in the study of wave-matter interactions and constitute the key blocks for various applications in optical communication, computing, sensing, and imaging. In this work, we show that by employing the interactions between microwave photons and electron spins of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, one can realize a variety of nonlinear effects, ranging from the resonance at the sum or difference frequency of two or more waves to electromagnetically induced transparency from the interference between spin transitions. We further verify the phase coherence through two-photon Rabi-oscillation measurements. The highly sensitive, optically detected NV-center dynamics not only provides a platform for studying magnetically induced nonlinearities but also promises novel functionalities in quantum control and quantum sensing.

Cagin Ekici, Yonghe Yu, Jeremy C. Adcock et al.

We experimentally demonstrate a room-temperature, voltage controlled, short-term quantum photonics memory on a lithium niobate chip. Our chip is capable of resolving 100 ps time steps with 0.74 dB loss per round-trip.

Alessandro Reineri, Silvia Zorzetti, Tanay Roy et al.

Superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities coupled to transmon circuits have proven to be a promising platform for building high-coherence quantum information processors. An essential aspect of this realization involves designing high quality factor three-dimensional superconducting cavities to extend the lifetime of quantum systems. To increase the computational capability of this architecture, we are exploring a multimode approach. This paper presents the design optimization process of a multi-cell SRF cavity to perform quantum computation based on an existing design developed in the scope of particle accelerator technology. We perform parametric electromagnetic simulations to evaluate and optimize the design. In particular, we focus on the analysis of the interaction between a nonlinear superconducting circuit known as the transmon and the cavity. This parametric design optimization is structured to serve as a blueprint for future studies on similar systems.

Xiao-Ping Li, A. Gilmore, S. Caffarri et al.

The biochemical, biophysical, and physiological properties of the PsbS protein were studied in relation to mutations of two symmetry-related, lumen-exposed glutamate residues, Glu-122 and Glu-226. These two glutamates are targets for protonation during lumen acidification in excess light. Mutation of PsbS did not affect xanthophyll cycle pigment conversion or pool size. Plants containing PsbS mutations of both glutamates did not have any rapidly inducible nonphotochemical quenching (qE) and had similar chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime components as npq4-1, a psbS deletion mutant. The double mutant also lacked a characteristic leaf absorbance change at 535 nm (ΔA535), and PsbS from these plants did not bind dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), a known inhibitor of qE. Mutation of only one of the glutamates had intermediate effects on qE, chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime component amplitudes, DCCD binding, and ΔA535. Little if any differences were observed comparing the two single mutants, suggesting that the glutamates are chemically and functionally equivalent. Based on these results a bifacial model for the functional interaction of PsbS with photosystem II is proposed. Furthermore, based on the extent of qE inhibition in the mutants, photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching processes of photosystem II were associated with distinct chlorophyll fluorescence life-time distribution components.

Ryusuke Hisatomi, Kotaro Taga, Ryo Sasaki et al.

A Rayleigh-type surface acoustic wave (SAW) is used in various fields as classical and quantum information carriers because of its surface localization, high electrical controllability, and low propagation loss. Coupling and hybridization between the SAW and other physical systems such as magnetization, electron charge, and electron spin are the recent focuses in phononics and spintronics. A precise measurement of the surface wave amplitude is often necessary to discuss the coupling strengths. However, there are only a few such measurement techniques and they generally require a rather complex analysis. Here we develop and demonstrate a straightforward measurement technique that can quantitatively characterize the SAW. The technique optically detects the surface waving due to the coherently driven SAW by the optical path modulation. Furthermore, when the measurement system operates in the shot-noise-limited regime, the surface slope and displacement at the optical spot can be deduced from the optical path modulation signal. Our demonstrated technique will be an important tool for SAW-related research.

Denis Sakhno, Eugene Koreshin, Pavel A. Belov

We studied the dispersion properties of double interlaced wire metamaterials with geometry modified by affine transformation. That metamaterials were found to support eigenmodes with longitudinal polarization at low frequencies for all deformations. Due to the spatial dispersion the metamaterials isofrequency surfaces are centered at the Brillouin zone edges (rather than at $Γ$-point) and have the shape of ellipsoids. The refractive indices corresponding to the ellipsoids were analyzed both analytically and numerically.

Hossein Allahverdi, M. H. Qamat, M. Nowshadi

In this article, the basic principle of target detection based on Gaussian state quantum illumination (QI) has introduced. The performance of such system has compared with its classical counterpart, which employs the most classical state of light, i.e., coherent state, to illuminate the target region. By deriving the maximum range equation, we have demonstrated that the quantum illumination based target detection system is especially advantageous at low transmission powers, which make these systems suitable for short range applications like biomedical imaging or covert detection schemes.

Mei Wang, Cui Kong, Zhao-Yu Sun et al.

We propose an effective approach for creating robust nonreciprocity of high-order sidebands, including the first-, second- and third-order sidebands, at microwave frequencies. This approach relies on magnon Kerr nonlinearity in a cavity magnonics system composed of two microwave cavities and one yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere. By manipulating the driving power applied on YIG and the frequency detuning between the magnon mode in YIG and the driving field, the effective Kerr nonlinearity can be strengthened, thereby inducing strong transmission non-reciprocity. More interestingly, we find the higher the sideband order, the stronger the transmission nonreciprocity marked by the higher isolation ratio in the optimal detuning regime. Such a series of equally-spaced high-order sidebands have potential applications in frequency comb-like precision measurement, besides structuring high-performance on-chip nonreciprocal devices.

Daniel Bafia, Akshay Murthy, Anna Grassellino et al.

We identify a major source of quantum decoherence in three-dimensional superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) resonators and two-dimensional transmon qubits composed of oxidized niobium: oxygen vacancies in the niobium pentoxide which drive two-level system (TLS) losses. By probing the effect of sequential \textit{in situ} vacuum baking treatments on the RF performance of bulk Nb SRF resonators and on the oxide structure of a representative Nb sample using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), we find a non-monotonic evolution of cavity quality factor $Q_0$ which correlates with the interplay of Nb\textsubscript{2}O\textsubscript{5} vacancy generation and oxide thickness reduction. We localize this effect to the oxide itself and present the insignificant role of diffused interstitial oxygen in the underlying Nb by regrowing a new oxide \textit{via} wet oxidation which reveals a mitigation of aggravated TLS losses. We hypothesize that such vacancies in the pentoxide serve as magnetic impurities and are a source of TLS-driven RF loss.

Nicolás Guarín-Zapata, Camilo Valencia, Juan Gómez

There is an increasing interest in the study of metamaterials and periodic materials across disciplines. These are anisotropic and their properties present directionality. For example, the wave speed depends on the propagation direction. Furthermore, they are heterogeneous, and their directionality depends on their spectra. Common approaches to describe anisotropy have been used in the large-wavelength approximation corresponding to static properties. Here we present an anisotropy measure based on the dynamic behavior. It receives dispersion surfaces from Bloch analyses and outputs a curve/surface with bulk directionality encoded on it. We present results for elastodynamics, but it is applicable to other phenomena.

Rick Orij, J. Postmus, Alexander Ter Beek et al.

Huaigu Tang, Arthur Chuen Hon Cheng, Elita Yunyue Li et al.

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a technique having the potential for building high-resolution elastic velocity models. We proposed to apply this technique to wireline monopole acoustic logging data to obtain the near wellbore formation velocity structures, which can be used in wellbore damage or fluid intrusion evaluation. A 2D FWI using monopole acoustic logging data is presented. The FWI is established in cylindrical coordinates instead of Cartesian coordinates in order to adapt to the borehole geometry. A preconditioner is designed for suppressing the influence of the strong borehole guided waves in the inversion. Synthetic tests demonstrate that high-resoultion elastic velocity profile around borehole can be inverted from monopole acoustic logging data by using the proposed method.