Hasil untuk "Unlocalized maps (Asian studies only)"

Antonios Saravanos

This paper systematically maps peer-reviewed research and graduate theses/dissertations that explicitly simulate the waterfall model. Following Petersen's mapping guidelines and Kitchenham's systematic literature review practices, major databases (ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Springer, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) were searched for studies published between 2000-2024 using the title query ("simulation" OR "simulating") AND "waterfall". A PRISMA workflow guided the screening process, and approximately 9% of retrieved records met the inclusion criteria. A repeated extraction process captured methods, tools, venues, geography, publication years, comparative scope, and fidelity to Royce's original model; findings were synthesized thematically. Discrete-event simulation dominates (80%) compared to system dynamics (20%). Reported tools center on Simphony.NET (40%) and SimPy (20%), while 40% of studies omit tool details, limiting reproducibility. Research is distributed across Italy, Lebanon, India, Japan, and the United States; publication venues include 60% journals and 40% conferences. Sixty percent of studies are comparative, while 40% model only the waterfall approach. No study reproduces Royce's original model; all employ adaptations. The paper concludes by presenting a consolidated view of waterfall simulation research and recommending clearer model reporting, fuller tool disclosure, and wider adoption of open-source platforms.

Saikat Patra, Bihalan Bhattacharya

Heisenberg-Weyl operators provide a Hermitian generalization of Pauli operators in higher dimensions. Positive maps arising from Heisenberg-Weyl operators have been studied along with several algebraic and spectral properties of Heisenberg-Weyl observables. This allows to generalize the study of Pauli type maps in higher dimesional algebra of operators.

Ferris Moser

We investigate phase space transport in a two-dimensional stretched caldera potential using the Origin-Fate Map (OFM) framework, complemented by Lagrangian Descriptor (LD) analysis. The caldera potential, a model for reaction dynamics with multiple exit channels, is adjusted by a stretching factor lambda that controls the directional bias of the four-saddle landscape. Several OFMs are constructed for two Poincare surfaces of section using forwards and backwards symplectic integration to assign each initial condition a channel of origin and fate. Our results reproduce the highly symmetric lambda = 1.0 patterns reported in Hillebrand et al. (Phys. Rev. E 108, 024211, 2023), and reveal, for smaller lambda, pronounced channel imbalance, figure-eight transport loops, and complex mixed-channel chaotic regions. Long-time integrations show a reduction of trapped regions with boundaries that exhibit self-similarity under deep zoom, revealing fractal-like structures. High-resolution OFMs and LD gradient maps uncover lobe dynamics and manifold structures that govern transport, showing near-perfect alignment between LD ridges and OFM boundaries.

Kevin H. Knuth, Philippe Ailleris, Hussein Ali Agrama et al.

After decades of dismissal and secrecy, it has become clear that a significant number of the world's governments take Unidentified Aerospace-Undersea Phenomena (UAP), formerly known as Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs), seriously -- yet still seem to know little about them. As a result, these phenomena are increasingly attracting the attention of scientists around the world, some of whom have recently formed research efforts to monitor and scientifically study UAP. In this paper, we review and summarize approximately 20 historical government studies dating from 1933 to the present (in Scandinavia, WWII, US, Canada, France, Russia, China), several historical private research studies (France, UK, US), and both recent and current scientific research efforts (Ireland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, US). In doing so, our objective is to clarify the existing global and historical scientific narrative around UAP. Studies range from field station development and deployment to the collection and analysis of witness reports from around the world. We dispel the common misconception that UAPs are an American phenomenon and show that UAP can be, and have been, scientifically investigated. Our aim here is to enable future studies to draw on the great depth of prior documented experience.

Marcelo Costalonga, Bianca Minetto Napoleão, Maria Teresa Baldassarre et al.

[Background] Systematic literature reviews (SLRs) are essential for synthesizing evidence in Software Engineering (SE), but keeping them up-to-date requires substantial effort. Study selection, one of the most labor-intensive steps, involves reviewing numerous studies and requires multiple reviewers to minimize bias and avoid loss of evidence. [Objective] This study aims to evaluate if Machine Learning (ML) text classification models can support reviewers in the study selection for SLR updates. [Method] We reproduce the study selection of an SLR update performed by three SE researchers. We trained two supervised ML models (Random Forest and Support Vector Machines) with different configurations using data from the original SLR. We calculated the study selection effectiveness of the ML models for the SLR update in terms of precision, recall, and F-measure. We also compared the performance of human-ML pairs with human-only pairs when selecting studies. [Results] The ML models achieved a modest F-score of 0.33, which is insufficient for reliable automation. However, we found that such models can reduce the study selection effort by 33.9% without loss of evidence (keeping a 100% recall). Our analysis also showed that the initial screening by pairs of human reviewers produces results that are much better aligned with the final SLR update result. [Conclusion] Based on our results, we conclude that although ML models can help reduce the effort involved in SLR updates, achieving rigorous and reliable outcomes still requires the expertise of experienced human reviewers for the initial screening phase.

Paluck Deep, Monica Bharadhidasan, A. Baki Kocaballi

Personas have been widely used to understand and communicate user needs in human-centred design. Despite their utility, they may fail to meet the demands of iterative workflows due to their static nature, limited engagement, and inability to adapt to evolving design needs. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) pave the way for more engaging and adaptive approaches to user representation. This paper introduces Interactive Virtual Personas (IVPs): multimodal, LLM-driven, conversational user simulations that designers can interview, brainstorm with, and gather feedback from in real time via voice interface. We conducted a qualitative study with eight professional UX designers, employing an IVP named "Alice" across three design activities: user research, ideation, and prototype evaluation. Our findings demonstrate the potential of IVPs to expedite information gathering, inspire design solutions, and provide rapid user-like feedback. However, designers raised concerns about biases, over-optimism, the challenge of ensuring authenticity without real stakeholder input, and the inability of the IVP to fully replicate the nuances of human interaction. Our participants emphasised that IVPs should be viewed as a complement to, not a replacement for, real user engagement. We discuss strategies for prompt engineering, human-in-the-loop integration, and ethical considerations for effective and responsible IVP use in design. Finally, our work contributes to the growing body of research on generative AI in the design process by providing insights into UX designers' experiences of LLM-powered interactive personas.

Marvin Wyrich, Marvin Muñoz Barón, Justus Bogner

Software engineering (SE) is full of abstract concepts that are crucial for both researchers and practitioners, such as programming experience, team productivity, code comprehension, and system security. Secondary studies aimed at summarizing research on the influences and consequences of such concepts would therefore be of great value. However, the inability to measure abstract concepts directly poses a challenge for secondary studies: primary studies in SE can operationalize such concepts in many ways. Standardized measurement instruments are rarely available, and even if they are, many researchers do not use them or do not even provide a definition for the studied concept. SE researchers conducting secondary studies therefore have to decide a) which primary studies intended to measure the same construct, and b) how to compare and aggregate vastly different measurements for the same construct. In this experience report, we discuss the challenge of study selection in SE secondary research on latent variables. We report on two instances where we found it particularly challenging to decide which primary studies should be included for comparison and synthesis, so as not to end up comparing apples with oranges. Our report aims to spark a conversation about developing strategies to address this issue systematically and pave the way for more efficient and rigorous secondary studies in software engineering.

Tyreal Yizhou Qian, Bo Yu, Weizhe Li et al.

This study examined the public opinions of esports at the 2023 Asian Games and value co-creation during the event using an LLM-enhanced BERTopic modeling analysis. We identified five major themes representing public perceptions, as well as how major stakeholders co-created value within and beyond the esports ecosystem. Key findings highlighted the strategic use of social media marketing to influence public opinion and promote esports events and brands, emphasizing the importance of event logistics and infrastructure. Additionally, the study revealed the co-creation value contributed by stakeholders outside the traditional esports ecosystem, particularly in promoting national representation and performance. Our findings supported the ongoing efforts to legitimize esports as a sport, noting that mainstream recognition remains a challenge. The inclusion of esports as a medal event showcased broader acceptance and helped mitigate negative public perceptions. Moreover, contributions from non-traditional stakeholders underscored the value of cross-subcultural collaborations in esports.

Jose L Salmeron, Irina Arévalo

Data privacy is a major concern in industries such as healthcare or finance. The requirement to safeguard privacy is essential to prevent data breaches and misuse, which can have severe consequences for individuals and organisations. Federated learning is a distributed machine learning approach where multiple participants collaboratively train a model without compromising the privacy of their data. However, a significant challenge arises from the differences in feature spaces among participants, known as non-IID data. This research introduces a novel federated learning framework employing fuzzy cognitive maps, designed to comprehensively address the challenges posed by diverse data distributions and non-identically distributed features in federated settings. The proposal is tested through several experiments using four distinct federation strategies: constant-based, accuracy-based, AUC-based, and precision-based weights. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in achieving the desired learning outcomes while maintaining privacy and confidentiality standards.

B. Menon, Ratna Tripathy

There is an air of deceptive obviousness about the idea of the ‘region’. Inheriting a sense of assurance from long established linguistic, geographical, and historical boundaries and contours, one feels secure in taking a somewhat simplistic cartographic view of the matter even as one acknowledges the overlaps and the blurring margins. But it shouldn’t take long to understand that the very use of the term ‘regional’ may imply that a researcher has probably placed himself/herself squarely at the center, taking recourse to binary contrasts through a construct such as Bollywood or some other imaginary nub or vantage point from where she surveys the cultural margins, the nooks and the by lanes. What if one reverses this view to see things from within the region aiming one’s sights at the distant cultural firmaments? This is not mere wordplay but only an instance of everyday living! The real purpose here is to underline the plurality of stances, perspectives and viewpoints that may be applied for the study of culture. The ‘regional’ thus may mean not simply a location but also a stance and a perspective to be made explicit and to be acknowledged. When you do try to locate a region physically on a map, you may often find your pointing finger hovering around a large mass of territory, peoples, settlements, and cultural milieus in their splendorous plurality, instead of hitting a bull’s eye so to speak! In the context of the new media backed by digital technology and the internet, it indeed becomes possible to seek and find a comfortable scholarly locus amidst the vast network of pathways that connect Delhi or Chennai to Assam or Kerala, Kolkata to Purulia, Mumbai to Patna and thence to the smaller towns of Chhapra and Ara. And yet, to enter the realm of the regional is to find a world that is distinctive in ways that are relatively easy to describe and characterize. The empirical comfort and concreteness of the regional lies in that it is mostly possible to physically locate the regional through maps, place names as well as people with residential addresses. Paradoxically, those who move their scholarly attention from the secure perch of the ‘centre’ to the region soon find that they are dealing with an empirical reality that seems far more concrete and tangible than constructs around mainstreams like Bollywood, Bangla cinema or the stridently sweeping ideas such as South Indian cinema. A focus on the region may also help us see the variety and pluralities within the larger monolithic constructs such as Bollywood or Tamil cinema, incrementally lending nuances to our broader generalizations and constructs. The regional also carries some subtler shades of meaning – as entities of secondary importance, as neglected or unknown locales, allowing investigations into the narrow chinks of the wider social fabric and telling tales yet untold. These unintended or overt, existential or parochial biases are indeed real hazards for a researcher wishing for a clear view of the wider landscapes without sacrificing the striking details, the textures and tenors that a closer view may bring. Fortunately, the essays in this volume reflect this SOUTH ASIAN POPULAR CULTURE 2022, VOL. 20, NO. 1, 1–14 https://doi.org/10.1080/14746689.2022.2047447

Ghina Reftantia, Jendrius Jendrius, Maihasni Maihasni

. Gender equality and justices are not only the nation's problems but the worlds. Gender problems and injustices are manifested in conditions of subordination, violence, and deprivation of rights that many women experience. If the women's empowerment program directly intervenes with women who are victims of gender injustice, the goal of realizing justice and gender will not be realized because many of the problems stem from men. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with literature study and document study methods, in which researchers who study previous studies related to gender-based social movements and collect documents related to this study. Then the researcher discusses these findings by using Alberto Melucci's theory which according to him the formation of a new social movement cannot be separated from the conflict situations experienced by many people at that time. The result of this research is that many gender- based organizations are discussing issues of gender equality and justice. The organization consists of organizations initiated by the women's movement as well as the men's movement. In Indonesia, the emergence of the men's movement to solve these problems is slower when compared to countries in Southeast Asia and the world. This social movement is represented in the form of the New Men's Alliance movement through which gender issues are widely discussed.

D. Xu, Wanchang Zhang, Ruiyi Chen et al.

The yellow drum (Nibea albiflora) is an economically important sciaenid fish in East Asian countries. In this study, we sequenced and assembled a near-complete gynogenetic yellow drum genome. We generated 45.63 Gb of Illumina short-reads and 80.27 Gb of PacBio long-reads and assembled them into a 628.01-Mb genome with a contig N50 of 4.42 Mb. Twenty-four chromosomes with a scaffold N50 of 26.73 Mb were obtained using the Hi-C analysis. We predicted a set of 27,069 protein-coding genes, of which 1,581 and 2,583 were expanded and contracted gene families, respectively. The most expanded genes were categorised into the protein binding, zinc-ion binding and ATP binding functional pathways. We built a high-density genetic linkage map that spanned 4,300.2 cM with 24 linkage groups and a resolution of 0.69 cM. The high-quality reference genome and annotated profiles that we produced will not only increase our understanding of the genetic architecture of economic traits in the yellow drum, but also help us explore the evolution and unique biological characteristics of sciaenid fishes. Measurement(s) DNA • genome • sequence_assembly • sequence feature annotation Technology Type(s) DNA sequencing • sequence assembly process • sequence annotation Sample Characteristic - Organism Nibea albiflora Measurement(s) DNA • genome • sequence_assembly • sequence feature annotation Technology Type(s) DNA sequencing • sequence assembly process • sequence annotation Sample Characteristic - Organism Nibea albiflora Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16528335

Alice S. Booth, Benoit Tabone, John D. Ilee et al.

During the main phase of evolution of a protoplanetary disk, accretion regulates the inner-disk properties, such as the temperature and mass distribution, and in turn, the physical conditions associated with planet formation. The driving mechanism behind accretion remains uncertain; however, one promising mechanism is the removal of a fraction of angular momentum via a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) disk wind launched from the inner tens of astronomical units of the disk. This paper utilizes CO isotopologue emission to study the unique molecular outflow originating from the HD 163296 protoplanetary disk obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. HD~163296 is one of the most well-studied Class II disks and is proposed to host multiple gas-giant planets. We robustly detect the large-scale rotating outflow in the 12CO J=2-1 and the 13CO J=2-1 and J=1-0 transitions. We constrain the kinematics, the excitation temperature of the molecular gas, and the mass-loss rate. The high ratio of the rates of ejection to accretion (5 - 50), together with the rotation signatures of the flow, provides solid evidence for an MHD disk wind. We find that the angular momentum removal by the wind is sufficient to drive accretion through the inner region of the disk; therefore, accretion driven by turbulent viscosity is not required to explain HD~163296's accretion. The low temperature of the molecular wind and its overall kinematics suggest that the MHD disk wind could be perturbed and shocked by the previously observed high-velocity atomic jet. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.

Anna Marie Bohmann, Markus Szymik

Loday's assembly maps approximate the K-theory of group rings by the K-theory of the coefficient ring and the corresponding homology of the group. We present a generalization that places both ingredients on the same footing. Building on Elmendorf--Mandell's multiplicativity results and our earlier work, we show that the K-theory of Lawvere theories is lax monoidal. This result makes it possible to present our theory in a user-friendly way without using higher categorical language. It also allows us to extend the idea to new contexts and set up a non-abelian interpolation scheme, raising novel questions. Numerous examples illustrate the scope of our extension.

L. Aung, Kyaw Zin Oo, K. Win et al.

Abstract Pyay sub-basin is located in the southern part of the Central Myanmar Forearc Basin, an elongate belt of en-echelon folds and thrust faults formed as a result of the hyper-oblique convergence of the India and Asia plates. Limited neotectonic studies suggest that the Pyay Fault is a major Pliocene inverted structure that trapped the hydrocarbons in Pyay sub-basin, where only sparse field-based observations are available to address the nature of very recent neotectonic processes. This study focuses on structural deformation related to active inversion of the Pyay Fault using field-based geological observations and interpretations of industrial seismic data. We map the ∼105 km long Pyay Fault, an east- dipping high-angle reverse fault with a significant dextral strike-slip component. The fault underlies the western limb of the major NNW-SSE- striking anticlinal ridge that forms the western margin of Pyay sub- basin. Growth strata within the Pliocene-Pleistocene Irrawaddy Formation, imaged in the shallow part (

David Rozenberszki, Andras Majdik

In this paper we deal with the problem of odometry and localization for Lidar-equipped vehicles driving in urban environments, where a premade target map exists to localize against. In our problem formulation, to correct the accumulated drift of the Lidar-only odometry we apply a place recognition method to detect geometrically similar locations between the online 3D point cloud and the a priori offline map. In the proposed system, we integrate a state-of-the-art Lidar-only odometry algorithm with a recently proposed 3D point segment matching method by complementing their advantages. Also, we propose additional enhancements in order to reduce the number of false matches between the online point cloud and the target map, and to refine the position estimation error whenever a good match is detected. We demonstrate the utility of the proposed LOL system on several Kitti datasets of different lengths and environments, where the relocalization accuracy and the precision of the vehicle's trajectory were significantly improved in every case, while still being able to maintain real-time performance.

Yong Zhao, Jian Du, Yishan Wu

John Desmond Bernal (1901-1970) was one of the most eminent scientists in molecular biology, and also regarded as the founding father of the Science of Science. His book The Social Function of Science laid the theoretical foundations for the discipline. In this article, we summarize four chief characteristics of his ideas in the Science of Science: the socio-historical perspective, theoretical models, qualitative and quantitative approaches, and studies of science planning and policy. China has constantly reformed its scientific and technological system based on research evidence of the Science of Science. Therefore, we analyze the impact of Bernal Science-of-Science thoughts on the development of Science of Science in China, and discuss how they might be usefully taken still further in quantitative studies of science.

J. Burns, H. Boogaard, Stephanie Polus et al.

BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution is associated with a large burden of disease in both high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To date, no systematic review has assessed the effectiveness of interventions aiming to reduce ambient air pollution. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution in reducing pollutant concentrations and improving associated health outcomes. SEARCH METHODS We searched a range of electronic databases with diverse focuses, including health and biomedical research (CENTRAL, Cochrane Public Health Group Specialised Register, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO), multidisciplinary research (Scopus, Science Citation Index), social sciences (Social Science Citation Index), urban planning and environment (Greenfile), and LMICs (Global Health Library regional indexes, WHOLIS). Additionally, we searched grey literature databases, multiple online trial registries, references of included studies and the contents of relevant journals in an attempt to identify unpublished and ongoing studies, and studies not identified by our search strategy. The final search date for all databases was 31 August 2016. SELECTION CRITERIA Eligible for inclusion were randomized and cluster randomized controlled trials, as well as several non-randomized study designs, including controlled interrupted time-series studies (cITS-EPOC), interrupted time-series studies adhering to EPOC standards (ITS-EPOC), interrupted time-series studies not adhering to EPOC standards (ITS), controlled before-after studies adhering to EPOC standards (CBA-EPOC), and controlled before-after studies not adhering to EPOC standards (CBA); these were classified as main studies. Additionally, we included uncontrolled before-after studies (UBA) as supporting studies. We included studies that evaluated interventions to reduce ambient air pollution from industrial, residential, vehicular and multiple sources, with respect to their effect on mortality, morbidity and several air pollutant concentrations. We did not restrict studies based on the population, setting or comparison. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS After a calibration exercise among the author team, two authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We conducted data extraction, risk of bias assessment and evidence synthesis only for main studies; we mapped supporting studies with regard to the types of intervention and setting. To assess risk of bias, we used the Graphic Appraisal Tool for Epidemiological studies (GATE) for correlation studies, as modified and employed by the Centre for Public Health Excellence at the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). For each intervention category, i.e. those targeting industrial, residential, vehicular and multiple sources, we synthesized evidence narratively, as well as graphically using harvest plots. MAIN RESULTS We included 42 main studies assessing 38 unique interventions. These were heterogeneous with respect to setting; interventions were implemented in countries across the world, but most (79%) were implemented in HICs, with the remaining scattered across LMICs. Most interventions (76%) were implemented in urban or community settings.We identified a heterogeneous mix of interventions, including those aiming to address industrial (n = 5), residential (n = 7), vehicular (n = 22), and multiple sources (n = 4). Some specific interventions, such as low emission zones and stove exchanges, were assessed by several studies, whereas others, such as a wood burning ban, were only assessed by a single study.Most studies assessing health and air quality outcomes used routine monitoring data. Studies assessing health outcomes mostly investigated effects in the general population, while few studies assessed specific subgroups such as infants, children and the elderly. No identified studies assessed unintended or adverse effects.The judgements regarding the risk of bias of studies were mixed. Regarding health outcomes, we appraised eight studies (47%) as having no substantial risk of bias concerns, five studies (29%) as having some risk of bias concerns, and four studies (24%) as having serious risk of bias concerns. Regarding air quality outcomes, we judged 11 studies (31%) as having no substantial risk of bias concerns, 16 studies (46%) as having some risk of bias concerns, and eight studies (23%) as having serious risk of bias concerns.The evidence base, comprising non-randomized studies only, was of low or very low certainty for all intervention categories and primary outcomes. The narrative and graphical synthesis showed that evidence for effectiveness was mixed across the four intervention categories. For interventions targeting industrial, residential and multiple sources, a similar pattern emerged for both health and air quality outcomes, with essentially all studies observing either no clear association in either direction or a significant association favouring the intervention. The evidence base for interventions targeting vehicular sources was more heterogeneous, as a small number of studies did observe a significant association favouring the control. Overall, however, the evidence suggests that the assessed interventions do not worsen air quality or health. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Given the heterogeneity across interventions, outcomes, and methods, it was difficult to derive overall conclusions regarding the effectiveness of interventions in terms of improved air quality or health. Most included studies observed either no significant association in either direction or an association favouring the intervention, with little evidence that the assessed interventions might be harmful. The evidence base highlights the challenges related to establishing a causal relationship between specific air pollution interventions and outcomes. In light of these challenges, the results on effectiveness should be interpreted with caution; it is important to emphasize that lack of evidence of an association is not equivalent to evidence of no association.We identified limited evidence for several world regions, notably Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Southeast Asia; decision-makers should prioritize the development and implementation of interventions in these settings. In the future, as new policies are introduced, decision-makers should consider a built-in evaluation component, which could facilitate more systematic and comprehensive evaluations. These could assess effectiveness, but also aspects of feasibility, fidelity and acceptability.The production of higher quality and more uniform evidence would be helpful in informing decisions. Researchers should strive to sufficiently account for confounding, assess the impact of methodological decisions through the conduct and communication of sensitivity analyses, and improve the reporting of methods, and other aspects of the study, most importantly the description of the intervention and the context in which it is implemented.

Ilyas Bakbergenuly, David C. Hoaglin, Elena Kulinskaya

Methods for random-effects meta-analysis require an estimate of the between-study variance, $τ^2$. The performance of estimators of $τ^2$ (measured by bias and coverage) affects their usefulness in assessing heterogeneity of study-level effects, and also the performance of related estimators of the overall effect. For the effect measure standardized mean difference (SMD), we provide the results from extensive simulations on five point estimators of $τ^2$ (the popular methods of DerSimonian-Laird, restricted maximum likelihood, and Mandel and Paule (MP); the less-familiar method of Jackson; the new method (KDB) based on the improved approximation to the distribution of the Q statistic by Kulinskaya, Dollinger and Bjørkestøl (2011) ), five interval estimators for $τ^2$ (profile likelihood, Q-profile, Biggerstaff and Jackson, Jackson, and the new KDB method), six point estimators of the overall effect (the five related to the point estimators of $τ^2$ and an estimator whose weights use only study-level sample sizes), and eight interval estimators for the overall effect (five based on the point estimators for $τ^2$; the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman (HKSJ) interval; a modification of HKSJ; and an interval based on the sample-size-weighted estimator).

F. Mustafa, B. E. Bwadi

ABSTRACT Mustafa, F.-B. and Bwadi, B.E., 2018. Determination of optimal freshwater prawn farming site locations using GIS and multicriteria evaluation. In: Ashraf, M.A. and Chowdhury, A.J.K. (eds.), Coastal Ecosystem Responses to Human and Climatic Changes throughout Asia. Site suitability selection is an essential condition for attaining maximum use of any land resources. Inadequate information about factors that influence the production of giant freshwater prawn has contributed to the low production in many regions. This study was to determine the best giant freshwater prawn farming site using the multicriteria evaluation (MCE) and GIS methods in the Negeri Sembilan state of Peninsular Malaysia. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) pairwise comparison matrix was used to determine the weights for the physicochemical factors of water, soil, and infrastructure used in the analysis. The factor maps were generated through the data stored in the ArcGIS 10.1 environment. The present land-use map of the area was created from the shape-file map of the prawn farming areas. The results revealed that 18% of the area presently being used was most suitable areas, 49% was moderately suitable, and 33% was not suitable. The potential area for prawn farming is 441,421.56 ha; of which, only 441.80 ha (1%) have been under farming. The results of model verification showed that the suitability map was 100% consistent with the current farms in the study area when compared. GIS and AHP methodologies were found to be effective for site suitability selection for prawn farming. The results of the study can be useful for decision making about prawn farming in the study area.