Hasil untuk "Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc."

Faheem Uddin

Jiří Militký, Dana Křemenáková, Tomáš Kubeček et al.

A methodology for predicting the thermal insulation of textiles based on their heat loss is described. The principle is based on measuring the electrical power input of a heating element and calculating the degree of insulation based on the real-time required to cool or heat the heating element by 1 °C and the cooling time, as determined by the semi-infinite layer cooling model. Heat loss is calculated based on the heat transfer inside the heating plate when the textile is placed directly on its surface, as well as in the case of an air gap between the heating plate and the textile. A model for predicting heat loss is proposed. The model considers the thermal difference and air flow velocity for various numbers of textile layers, as well as for different types of textile placement relative to the heating plate.

Ahmet Ozek, Mine Seckin, Pinar Demircioglu et al.

The cornerstone of textile manufacturing lies in quality control, with the early detection of defects being crucial to ensuring product quality and sustaining a competitive edge. Traditional inspection methods, which predominantly depend on manual processes, are limited by human error and scalability challenges. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI)—encompassing computer vision, image processing, and machine learning—have transformed defect detection, delivering improved accuracy, speed, and reliability. This article critically examines the evolution of defect detection methods in the textile industry, transitioning from traditional manual inspections to AI-driven automated systems. It delves into the types of defects occurring at various production stages, assesses the strengths and weaknesses of conventional and automated approaches, and underscores the pivotal role of deep learning models, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), in achieving high precision in defect identification. Additionally, the integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as high-resolution cameras and real-time monitoring systems, into quality control processes is explored, highlighting their contributions to sustainability and cost-effectiveness. By addressing the challenges and opportunities these advancements present, this study serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers and industry professionals seeking to harness AI in optimizing textile production and quality assurance amidst the ongoing digital transformation.

Penghao Yu, Yingying Zhang, Qilin Zhang et al.

Node design is the most important aspect in membrane structure design, and an appropriate welding length is a prerequisite to ensure the reasonable stress distribution of the membrane structures. This paper presents the research on off-axial tensile behaviors of welding seam of the coated fabrics under different welding lengths. First, groups of off-axial tensile tests were carried out, and the effect of off-axial angle and welding length on the tensile strength and elongation at break of off-axial specimens with welding seam were studied. Then, the failure modes of these specimens were analyzed. Results show the change law of stress-strain curves of off-axial specimens with welding seam is similar to the base material, but the tensile strength and the elongation at break of off-axial specimens with welding seam are less than that of the base material. The tensile strength is maximum at 0° (Warp) or 90° (Weft). The tensile strength and the elongation at break are all minima at 15° or 75°. The tensile strength is second only to that of warp and weft at 45°, but the elongation at break is maximum. As the welding length increases, the tensile strength of specimens with welding seam shows an increasing trend. Four typical failure modes are observed in this test: yarn extract, yarn breakage (in the weld edge and in base material), shear failure, and composite failure.

Nitzan Dar, Rinat Ankri

Long-wave near-infrared (LWNIR) dyes have garnered significant attention, particularly in biomedical applications, due to their ability to enhance light absorption, making them highly effective for in vivo imaging and phototherapy. Among these dyes, cyanines are notable for their broad tunability across the ultraviolet (UV) to LWNIR spectrum and their ability to form J-aggregates, which result in narrow absorption and enhanced emission peaks, often accompanied by a red-shift in their spectra. In this study, we investigate the fluorescence properties of three known tricarbocyanine dyes, uncovering new emission bands in the LWNIR region. These dyes exhibit two distinct fluorescence peaks between 1605 and 1840 nm, with an emission tail extending up to ~2200 nm. The intensity of these peaks varies depending on dye concentration. Furthermore, we assess the photostability, pH sensitivity, and thermal stability of the dyes, providing key insights into their potential for stable and efficient biomedical applications. Our study provides a deep investigation of the spectral characteristics of these dyes, seeking to enhance their potential application in biomedical imaging.

Oliver Child, Ollie Hanton, Jack Dawson et al.

Consumer-level multi-material 3D printing with conductive thermoplastics enables fabrication of interactive elements for bespoke tangible devices. However, large feature sizes, high resistance materials, and limitations of printable control circuitry mean that deployable devices cannot be printed without post-print assembly steps. To address these challenges, we present Printegrated Circuits, a technique that uses traditional electronics as material to 3D print self-contained interactive objects. Embedded PCBs are placed into recesses during a pause in the print, and through a process we term \textit{Prinjection}, conductive filament is injected into their plated-through holes. This automatically creates reliable electrical and mechanical contact, eliminating the need for manual wiring or bespoke connectors. We describe the custom machine code generation that supports our approach, and characterise its electrical and mechanical properties. With our 6 demonstrations, we highlight how the Printegrated Circuits process fits into existing design and prototyping workflows as well as informs future research agendas.

Siyeon Kim, Seojin Lee, Sora Shin et al.

Abstract This study compared the effectiveness of five commercially available cooling vests using three distinct thermal manikin test protocols. In addition, the constraints associated with each test protocol were elucidated, facilitating the identification of suitable evaluation methods for the different cooling vests. The cooling performances of the vests were evaluated using three thermal manikin test scenarios, incorporating the adaptations from Ciuha et al. (Ergonomics 64:625–639, 2021) and ASTM F2371-16, along with a modified protocol simulating the hot and humid weather in a South Korean summer. The results revealed substantial variations in the cooling performance across different test protocols, highlighting the importance of carefully selecting thermal manikin test methods. Moreover, the specific cooling vests exhibited immeasurable performance in certain test methods, which presents the limitations inherent in each testing scenario. For example, when evaluated with a non-sweating thermal manikin, the air-cooling vests exhibited the worst cooling performance, showing an average cooling rate of 1.0 W and cooling durations of five minutes. In contrast, the same vests demonstrated superior performance when assessed using the ASTM F2371-16 method, revealing an effective cooling rate of 114.8 W and sustained cooling durations exceeding eight hours. These results emphasize the lack of a one-size-fits-all evaluation method for cooling vests and the need for accessible guidelines to inform decision-makers aiming to enhance workplace safety and comfort.

Ludovica Schaerf, Andrea Alfarano, Eric Postma

Colorway creation is the task of generating textile samples in alternate color variations maintaining an underlying pattern. The individuation of a suitable color palette for a colorway is a complex creative task, responding to client and market needs, stylistic and cultural specifications, and mood. We introduce a modification of this task, the "generative colorway" creation, that includes minimal shape modifications, and propose a framework, "ColorwAI", to tackle this task using color disentanglement on StyleGAN and Diffusion. We introduce a variation of the InterfaceGAN method for supervised disentanglement, ShapleyVec. We use Shapley values to subselect a few dimensions of the detected latent direction. Moreover, we introduce a general framework to adopt common disentanglement methods on any architecture with a semantic latent space and test it on Diffusion and GANs. We interpret the color representations within the models' latent space. We find StyleGAN's W space to be the most aligned with human notions of color. Finally, we suggest that disentanglement can solicit a creative system for colorway creation, and evaluate it through expert questionnaires and creativity theory.

Carolyn Atkins, Younes Chahid, Gregory Lister et al.

Additive manufacturing (AM; 3D printing) in aluminium using laser powder bed fusion provides a new design space for lightweight mirror production. Printing layer-by-layer enables the use of intricate lattices for mass reduction, as well as organic shapes generated by topology optimisation, resulting in mirrors optimised for function as opposed to subtractive machining. However, porosity, a common AM defect, is present in printed aluminium and it is a result of the printing environment being either too hot or too cold, or gas entrapped bubbles within the aluminium powder. When present in an AM mirror substrates, porosity manifests as pits on the reflective surface, which increases micro-roughness and therefore scattered light. There are different strategies to reduce the impact of porosity: elimination during printing, coating the aluminium print in nickel phosphorous, or to apply a heat and pressure treatment to close the pores, commonly known as a hot isostatic press (HIP). This paper explores the application of HIP on printed aluminium substrates intended for mirror production using single point diamond turning (SPDT). The objective of the HIP is to reduce porosity whilst targeting a small grain growth within the aluminium, which is important in allowing the SPDT to generate surfaces with low micro-roughness. For this study, three disks, 50 mm diameter by 5 mm, were printed in AlSi10Mg at 0 deg, 45 deg, and 90 deg with respect to the build plate. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) was conducted before and after the HIP cycle to confirm the effectiveness of HIP to close porosity. The disks were SPDT and the micro-roughness evaluated. Mechanical testing and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to quantify the mechanical strength and the grain size after HIP.

Aref Ghorbani, Sophia Jennie Giancoli, Seyed Ali Ghoreishy et al.

We present a 3D food printing (3DFP) method to create coiled structures, harnessing the liquid rope coiling effect as a rapid method of food printing with tunable fractural properties. By studying the printability and coil-forming ability of pea, carrot, and cookie dough inks, we identified optimal printing parameters to induce steady and controlled coiling, enabling the creation of coiled structures with tunable porosities using a single nozzle. Fracture profiles from post-processed coiled structures showed complex responses but presented direct correlations between the porosity and textural parameters, including hardness, brittleness, and initial stiffness. This study provides a foundation for the fabrication of coiled food structures using 3DFP and highlights its potential application in designing textural properties and a range of unique sensory experiences.

Indran S, Divya D, Raja S et al.

The interest in developing bio-based composite materials had grown up with the context of maintaining ecological integrity by introducing new eco-friendly materials. The present study investigated the suitability of a novel Furcraea selloa K. Koch leaf fiber (FSLF) for composite reinforcement instead of existing synthetic harmful fiber materials. The identification for exploration of novel natural fibers with significant properties is a great challenge for researchers, due to their accessibility in polymer composites eco-friendliness and sustainability. Indeed, physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological features were established through this study, low density (810 kg/m3), high crystallinity (56.7%), high thermal stability (350°C), good tensile strength (650 ± 23 MPa) were the notable features of FSLF that facilitate its further use for composite reinforcement. Moreover, good surface roughness with fewer impurities and low microfibril angle also prove its sustainability in composite reinforcement. This study suggests that the potential properties of FSLF would be a suitable alternative to commercially important synthetic fiber, in the highest seeking-fibers as reinforcement.

Xuemei Li, Shanghui Wang, Yanqing Li et al.

In this paper, according to the one-dimensional heat transfer mechanism between fabric and human body, it is found that different thermal properties affect different heat transfer stages of fabric. Therefore, we used the maximum heat flux q max as the index to characterize the transient contact cool feeling of fabrics, and measured the thermal properties, various specifications and surface morphology of 40 kinds of summer fabrics. Firstly, we discussed the influence of the above properties on the transient cool feeling. Secondly, according to multivariate stepwise regression, the significant representative variables are selected, and the prediction model of transient coolness and fabric properties is established. Furthermore, the model was verified to explore the subjective and objective consistency. The results show that, in the transient heat transfer stage, the influencing factors that are significantly related to the cool feeling of fabric include fabric thickness, grammage, volumetric heat capacity, thermal conductivity, warp and weft density, and roughness. The main component representative variables of the cooling sensation regression equation are volumetric heat capacity and thickness, and other variables can be explained by these two variables. Changing them is the key to enhance the cooling sensation. The predicted value of coolness is in good agreement with the subjective evaluation of cooling sensation, which has a certain guiding effect on the actual human cool feeling. The purpose of this study is to find out the main factors that affect the cool feeling, and then apply the established cool feeling model to the development of fabrics in summer, so as to meet the thermal comfort requirements of human body’s fabrics.

Ćirović Nataša, Aksentijević Snežana, Krivokuća Milutin et al.

According to research by many authors, the textile industry is one of the major polluters of the environment. In order to sustain itself, it is necessary to find new procedures to reuse materials and thereby eliminate pollution and reduce the damage that has been done so far. The aim of the paper is to describe the existing devices used to reduce the concentration of dust, for example the textile plant Tkačnica and the emission of pollutants into the air in plants where dyeing of textile products is carried out. Also, the paper contains suggestions for an even more effective reduction of the concentration of dust in the air, that is, reducing the emission of polluting gases into the air in textile industry plants.

K Priyananda Singh, Boris Wareppam, Raghavendra K G et al.

Iron oxide-based nanostructures receive significant attention as an efficient adsorbent for organic dyes removal. The removal properties have strong dependency on the stoichiometry, phases, reactive edges, defect states etc present in the iron-oxides nanostructures. Herein, iron oxide/carbon composite with well-defined heterophased grain boundaries is synthesized by simple precipitation method and followed by calcination. The local structure, spin dynamics and magnetic properties of heterophased iron oxides/carbon composite are thoroughly investigated to explore its cationic and anionic dye removal capability. To validate the effectivity of the presence of heterogeneous grain boundaries, iron oxide/carbon nanocomposite with homogeneous grain boundaries is also examined. It was found that the hetero-phased iron oxide/carbon showed removal capacity of 35.45 mg g-1 and 45.84 mg g-1 for cationic (Crystal Violet) and anionic (Congo Red) dyes, respectively as compared to that of as-synthesised imidazole-capped superparamagnetic α-Fe2O3 (25.11 mg g-1 and 40.44 mg g-1, respectively) and homophased iron oxide/carbon nanocomposite (9.41 mg g-1 and 5.43 mg g-1, respectively). The plausible mechanism on the local structural evolution of the heterophase in the course of calcination and increase of the removal capacity is discussed. A detailed dye adsorption investigation is presented including the adsorption kinetic study. The pseudo-second order kinetic model is found to be an appropriate one and suggests that the chemisorption is dominant factor leading to adsorption of dyes. Whereas Weber-Morris model indicate the strong influence of boundary layers of nanocomposite on the adsorption process.

Muhammad Sohaib Anas, Adeel Abbas, Zeeshan Azam et al.

Knitted fleece fabrics with superior comfort characteristics are chiefly focused in winter wear. Thermal characteristics are an area of interest in selecting fleece clothing. However, environmental hazards also need to be focused. Fleece clothing is worn in cold areas having higher ultraviolet rays exposures. Hence the clothing should have the capability of combating environmental challenges. The study focuses on engineering variable fleece structures with different materials. Cotton, nylon, and polypropylene fleece patterns have been knitted using fleece 1:1, 3:1, and 2:2 patterns. The designs vary by tuck and miss stitch configurations in the fleece course. Comfort characteristics were determined through air permeability, moisture management, and thermal resistance tests. Performance criteria were evaluated in terms of pilling resistance and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) investigation. Structures and materials owing better comfort characteristics with satisfactory UPF have been predicted as safe clothing in UV affected zones, that is, fleece 3:1 possessed the optimum comfort characteristics and UPF simultaneously; however, the mechanical performance was better for 2:1 and 1:1 fleece fabric due to less amount of miss stitch floating yarns.

Upama Nasrin Haq, Tania Akhter Ite

Environmentalism leads to the concept of eco-friendly clothing (EFC) and its popularity is advancing all over the world. In-depth knowledge acquisition regarding EFC has become a fundamental requirement for Bangladeshi Textile undergraduates as they are the future professionals in the EFC sector. To ascertain the knowledge level and perception of the Bangladeshi textile undergraduates regarding EFC was the aim of this study. In this exploratory study, a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data through purposive sampling from the students enrolled into the Bangladesh undergraduate Textile Engineering programme. The respondents were 282 students of the fourth year of different universities located in Dhaka city. Descriptive statistics were used to represent the findings of the research. The results showed that 82.3% of the respondents were informed about EFC, 35.8% were knowledgeable regarding EFC raw materials and 53.02% were cognisant about the production process. 89.4% of the respondents expected one particular course on EFC in curriculum and 94% wanted to contribute towards EFC in the future. The study revealed that undergraduates have a knowledge gap regarding EFC, while their willingness to learn and contribute is very optimistic. The findings suggested that the evaluation and modification of the curriculum for EFC and incorporation of EFC courses can lessen this salient gap.

Biruk Fentahun Adamu, Jing Gao

Abstract The interaction of water and air i.e. moisture regain, water vapor transmission, wicking and air permeability with woven textiles are tested to investigate the comfort of woven fabrics made of nylon, cotton, and cotton–nylon mixtures with different yarn counts. The fabrics porosity (based on equation 1 and 2), woven fabric sett (ASTM D3775-03), fabric thickness (ASTM D1777-96), fabric weight (ASTM D3776M - 20), fabric vapour transmission (ASTM E96-00), transfer wicking, and longitudinal wicking (DIN 53924), moisture regain (ASTM D2495-07), and air permeability (ASTM D737) were examined for investigations based on the standards in the brackets. The experimental results showed that fabric transfer wicking, longitudinal wicking, moisture regain and air permeability properties increase as the yarn goes to coarser for all woven fabric samples but the water vapor transmission property decrease. Additionally, fabric transfer and longitudinal wicking capabilities improved with increased nylon fiber blend ratios within fiber conformation. However, the nylon fiber composition has negative impact on air permeability, water vapor transfer rate, wicking and moisture capabilities of the woven fabrics. Generally, it can be concluded that the existence of nylon fiber, and yarn count coarseness improved wicking properties of the woven fabrics and decreased the air permeability property of woven fabrics.

Urška Vrabič-Brodnjak, Klemen Možina

Invasive plant species can impede the establishment and growth of native plants and affect several ecosystem properties. These properties include soil cover, nutrient cycling, fire regimes, and hydrology. Controlling invasive plants is therefore a necessary, but usually expensive, step in restoring an ecosystem. The sustainability of materials with an emphasis on the use of local resources plays an important role in the circular economy. The use of alternative fibers from invasive plants promotes local production in smaller paper mills that offer the protection of local species and the reduction of waste and invasive plants. A synthesis of the literature is needed to understand the various impacts of invasive plants and their practical control in the context of papermaking applications and to identify associated knowledge gaps. To improve our understanding of the practical application of invasive species in the paper industry, we reviewed the existing literature on invasive plant species in the area of fiber production, printability, coating solution production, dyes, and extracts, and collected information on the major invasive plant species in Europe and the methods used for various applications.

Alicia Shin

There is an increase in demand for organs as transplantation is becoming a common practice to elongate human life. To reach this demand, three-dimensional bioprinting is developing from prior knowledge of scaffolds, growth factors, etc. This review paper aims to determine the current status and future possibilities of three-dimensional bioprinting of organs and evaluate the benefits and challenges, along with the history of its development. Prior research has viewed three-dimensional bioprinting as a technology that will enable safer transplantation without graft rejection and provide demand-based production. However, it faces challenges such as the need to improve biocompatibility and biofunctionality, legal and ethical issues, and the need to improve the technology itself. While the development of three-dimensional printing organs is not yet completed, we are seeing improvements and expecting it to be clinically applied soon.