Hasil untuk "Socialism. Communism. Anarchism"

Sindhunil Barman Roy

Classical Marxism and the algebra of revolution were formulated within the ontological constraints of 19th-century Newtonian materialism-a world of discrete, predictable, billiard-ball interactions. However, the 20th-century transitions in physics, from Thomas Kuhn's paradigm shifts to Phil Anderson's philosophy of emergence, have dismantled the reductionist foundations of this mechanical worldview. This paper proposes a New Manifesto for Scientific Socialism by synthesizing modern condensed matter physics with the non-dual philosophy of Advaita Vedanta. By examining the concepts of Geometric Frustration and Competing Interactions through the lens of Spin-Glasses and Mott Insulators, we argue that social stasis and synthesis are emergent properties of a universal consciousness field rather than mechanical inevitabilities. We further explore how this quantum-informed dialectic resolves the essential tension between the individual and the collective, echoing the intuitions of Schrodinger and Heisenberg regarding the foundational unity of reality.

Giorgia Sampò, Saverio Giallorenzo, Zelda Alice Franceschi

Why do some community-cooperation projects catalyse participation through durable, resilient collaboration networks while others result in negligible impact and leave the local social fabric unchanged? We argue outcomes hinge on participation architecture: simple, visible routines -- onboarding help, templated tasks, lightweight contribution/benefit tracking -- that create easy ``entry portals'' and route work across clusters without heavy hierarchy. We introduce Project Intervention Response Analysis (PIRA), a mixed anthropological-network-analysis framework that compares observed community networks with counterfactual networks absent from project-induced ties. PIRA also adds a new egocentric metric to detect ``architectural alters'' -- latent facilitators and boundary spanners. We begin validating PIRA in a three-month field study in Pomerini, Tanzania, where NGOs coordinated citizens, associations, and specialists. Findings indicate that sociotechnical participation architectures -- not charismatic hubs -- underwrite durable coordination. PIRA offers a reusable method to link organizational design mechanisms to formal network signatures.

Nicolás Hernández Aparicio

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la dinámica de la huelga azucarera en los ingenios Ledesma y La Esperanza, de la provincia de Jujuy, durante la coyuntura de crisis del primer peronismo hacia 1949. Se ha señalado el “viraje” en el discurso peronista, al punto de afirmar que el desenlace del conflicto implicó cercenar la autonomía del movimiento obrero. Con las fuentes internas del segundo ingenio y la prensa periódica, este artículo se centrará en reconstruirlo, partiendo de que esa coyuntura de lucha fue precedida de una serie de acciones que moldearon la práctica de clase de los obreros azucareros jujeños desde la década de 1920.

Christiaan Verwijs, Evelien Acun-Roos, Daniel Russo

As hybrid, distributed, and asynchronous work models become more prevalent, continuous learning in Agile Software Development (ASD) gains renewed importance. Communities of Practice (CoPs) are increasingly adopted to support social learning beyond formal education, often relying on virtual communication. Psychological safety, a prerequisite for effective learning, remains insufficiently understood in these settings. This mixed-methods study investigates psychological safety within Agile CoPs through survey data from 143 participants. Results indicate that psychological safety is significantly lower in online interactions compared to face-to-face settings. Moreover, low psychological safety reduces participants' intent to continue contributing and avoidance of interpersonal risk. No significant differences emerged based on gender, community seniority, or content creation activity. However, differences by role and age group suggest potential generational or role-related effects. Thematic analysis revealed exclusionary behavior, negative interaction patterns, and hostility as primary threats to psychological safety, often reinforced by tribalism and specific community dynamics. Suggested interventions include establishing explicit norms, structured facilitation, and active moderation. The findings were validated through member checking with 30 participants. This study provides a comparative perspective on interaction modalities and offers practical guidance for organizers seeking to cultivate inclusive, high-impact CoPs and similarly structured virtual or hybrid work environments.

Kajwan Ziaoddini

This study presents a novel Multi-Modal Graph Neural Network (MM-GNN) framework for socially aware music recommendation, designed to enhance personalization and foster community-based engagement. The proposed model introduces a fusion-free deep mutual learning strategy that aligns modality-specific representations from lyrics, audio, and visual data while maintaining robustness against missing modalities. A heterogeneous graph structure is constructed to capture both user-song interactions and user-user social relationships, enabling the integration of individual preferences with social influence. Furthermore, emotion-aware embeddings derived from acoustic and textual signals contribute to emotionally aligned recommendations. Experimental evaluations on benchmark datasets demonstrate that MM-GNN significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods across various performance metrics. Ablation studies further validate the critical impact of each model component, confirming the effectiveness of the framework in delivering accurate and socially contextualized music recommendations.

Danwen Ji, Botao 'Amber' Hu

After the pandemic, a new form of "pop-up city" has emerged -- co-living gatherings of 100-200 people for 4-8 weeks that differ from conferences and hack houses. These temporary intentional communities leverages existing urban infrastructure, blending daily life (housing, meals, care) with self-organized activities like learning, creating, and socializing. They coordinate bottom-up programming through an "unconference" system for identity, calendaring, RSVP, and social discovery that fosters spontaneous, serendipitous, enduring ties. This paper examines the design of "Social Layer," an unconferencing system for pop-up cities. We studied its real-world deployment in ShanHaiWoo (Jilin, China, 2023), muChiangmai (Chiangmai, Thailand, 2023), Edge Esmeralda, Edge Esmeralda (Healdsburg, CA, USA, 2024), Aleph (Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2024), and Gathering of Tribe (Lisbon, Portugal, 2024). Our findings distill: (1) the strong concept "scaffolded spontaneity" -- infrastructural affordances that balance structure with openness, amplifying participant agency while maintaining privacy and lightweight governance; (2) design implications for design researchers working on pop-up cities.

Eirinn Larsen

Artikkelen diskuterer organiseringen av den kvinnelige handelsstanden i Norge med utgangspunkt i opprettelsen av Kristiania/Oslo kvinnelige handelsstandsforening (KKHF/OHKF) i 1890 frem til åpningen av foreningens eldrehjem i 1936. Foreningen skulle danne modell for liknende organisasjoner i andre norske byer ut fra handelsstandens eksplisitte tokjønnskultur, men langt mer tvetydige tradisjon for organisering av arbeid. For der hovedstadens ordinære handelsstandsforening primært var for mannlige grosserere, magasineiere og større forretningsmenn, samlet KKHF både forretningseiere og ansatte i butikk og på kontor. Det gjorde de kvinnelige handelsstandsforeningene til standsorganisasjoner i et fremvoksende klassesamfunn mer enn til ordinære fagforeninger bygget på klassesolidaritet. I disse fulgte aktivitet og lojalitet småborgerskapets sosiale heterogenitet fremfor hovedskillet i det kapitalistiske samfunn. Den organiserte kvinnelige handelsstanden søkte samtidig inspirasjon fra sin egen samtids kvinneemansipasjon. Målet var å skape et sosialt tilholdssted for kvinner i et forretningsmiljø hvor over- og underordningen mellom menn og kvinner både var norm, sosialt lim og skjebne. Menn var i tråd med denne tenkningen overordnet kvinner rettslig, økonomisk og sosialt, men likevel forpliktet til å bistå standsmedlemmer i bunnsjiktet. Denne standspaternalismen kunne også ha et kvinnelig suffiks viser historien til KKHF/OHKF.

Junwei Su, Peter Marbach

How can individual agents coordinate their actions to achieve a shared objective in distributed systems? This challenge spans economic, technical, and sociological domains, each confronting scalability, heterogeneity, and conflicts between individual and collective goals. In economic markets, a common currency facilitates coordination, raising the question of whether such mechanisms can be applied in other contexts. This paper explores this idea within social media platforms, where social support (likes, shares, comments) acts as a currency that shapes content production and sharing. We investigate two key questions: (1) Can social support serve as an effective coordination tool, and (2) What role do influencers play in content creation and dissemination? Our formal analysis shows that social support can coordinate user actions similarly to money in economic markets. Influencers serve dual roles, aggregating content and acting as information proxies, guiding content producers in large markets. While imperfections in information lead to a "price of influence" and suboptimal outcomes, this price diminishes as markets grow, improving social welfare. These insights provide a framework for understanding coordination in distributed environments, with applications in both sociological systems and multi-agent AI systems.

Maddalena Amendola, Andrea Passarella, Raffaele Perego

Online Community Question Answering (CQA) platforms have become indispensable tools for users seeking expert solutions to their technical queries. The effectiveness of these platforms relies on their ability to identify and direct questions to the most knowledgeable users within the community, a process known as Expert Finding (EF). EF accuracy is crucial for increasing user engagement and the reliability of provided answers. Despite recent advancements in EF methodologies, blending the diverse information sources available on CQA platforms for effective expert identification remains challenging. In this paper, we present TUEF, a Topic-oriented User-Interaction model for Expert Finding, which aims to fully and transparently leverage the heterogeneous information available within online question-answering communities. TUEF integrates content and social data by constructing a multi-layer graph that maps out user relationships based on their answering patterns on specific topics. By combining these sources of information, TUEF identifies the most relevant and knowledgeable users for any given question and ranks them using learning-to-rank techniques. Our findings indicate that TUEF's topic-oriented model significantly enhances performance, particularly in large communities discussing well-defined topics. Additionally, we show that the interpretable learning-to-rank algorithm integrated into TUEF offers transparency and explainability with minimal performance trade-offs. The exhaustive experiments conducted on six different CQA communities of Stack Exchange show that TUEF outperforms all competitors with a minimum performance boost of 42.42% in P@1, 32.73% in NDCG@3, 21.76% in R@5, and 29.81% in MRR, excelling in both the evaluation approaches present in the previous literature.

Khondhaker Al Momin, Md Sami Hasnine, Arif Mohaimin Sadri

New York City (NYC) topped the global chart for the worst air pollution in June 2023, owing to the wildfire smoke drifting in from Canada. This unprecedented situation caused significant travel disruptions and shifts in traditional activity patterns of NYC residents. This study utilized large-scale social media data to study different crisis activity concerns (i.e., evacuation, staying indoors, shopping, and recreational activities among others) in the emergence of the 2023 Canadian wildfire smoke in NYC. In this regard, one week (June 02 through June 09, 2023) geotagged Twitter data from NYC were retrieved and used in the analysis. The tweets were processed using advanced text classification techniques and later integrated with national databases such as Social Security Administration data, Census, and American Community Survey. Finally, a model has been developed to make community inferences of different activity concerns in a major wildfire. The findings suggest, during wildfires, females are less likely to engage in discussions about evacuation, trips for medical, social, or recreational purposes, and commuting for work, likely influenced by workplaces maintaining operations despite poor air quality. There were also racial disparities in these discussions, with Asians being more likely than Hispanics to discuss evacuation and work commute, and African Americans being less likely to discuss social and recreational activities. Additionally, individuals from low-income neighborhoods and non-higher education students expressed fewer concerns about evacuation. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, emergency planners, and public health officials, aiding them in formulating targeted communication strategies and equitable emergency response plans.

Marina Durovic-Andic

Tema for denne artikkelen er samarbeidet mellom norsk og jugoslavisk arbeiderbevegelse i perioden 1946–1956. Søkelyset på er på landenes faglige hovedsammenslutninger. Ved å undersøke både norske og jugoslaviske kilder ser jeg på forskjeller og likheter og partenes standpunkter gjennom den kalde krigen. Artikkelen framhever de viktigste virkningene av kontaktene: Etablering av sterkere bånd mellom hovedsammenslutningene; den gradvise tilnærmingen og besøksutvekslingene mellom landene, som etter hvert ble flyttet til parti- og forbundsnivå. Artikkelen vil også vise hvordan den jugoslaviske fagbevegelsen fikk hjelp fra den norske Landsorganisasjonen til å slutte seg til internasjonale organisasjoner, og at formannen Konrad Nordahl spilte en viktig rolle i denne sammenhengen. Avslutningsvis behandler artikkelen Det norske Arbeiderpartis holdning til Jugoslavia etter at Milovan Ðilas, kanskje den fremste pådriveren for samarbeid, ble arrestert og fengslet.

Knut Sogner

Hernán M. Díaz

Resumen de Laura Fernández Cordero (comp.), Feminismos para la revolución. Antología de 14 mujeres que desafiaron los límites de las izquierdas, Buenos Aires, Siglo Veintiuno, 2021, 254 pgs.

Knut Kjeldstadli

E. Fromm.

Hespéris-Tamuda

J. Pateman

In his writings and speeches Lenin showed considerable interest in the “Woman Question.” He argued, first, that the exploitation of female labor performs a central function in the development of capitalism. He claimed that women are “doubly oppressed,” since they lack equality in both the legal-political and domestic spheres. Second, Lenin endorsed the women's rights movement. He called for universal suffrage, criticized prostitution, and supported the struggle for freedom of divorce and abortion. At the same time, he sought to highlight the limits of female liberation under capitalism. Third, Lenin connected the emancipation of women with the construction of socialism and communism. In Soviet Russia he pushed for the equalization of male and female rights. He called for the mass participation of women in politics and economic administration. He planned the socialization of domestic labor and the abolition of household slavery. Under socialism, Lenin argued, women would emancipate themselves.

Jaehyuk Park, Bogdan State, Monica Bhole et al.

Due to their essential role as places for socialization, "third places" - social places where people casually visit and communicate with friends and neighbors - have been studied by a wide range of fields including network science, sociology, geography, urban planning, and regional studies. However, the lack of a large-scale census on third places kept researchers from systematic investigations. Here we provide a systematic nationwide investigation of third places and their social networks, by using Facebook pages. Our analysis reveals a large degree of geographic heterogeneity in the distribution of the types of third places, which is highly correlated with baseline demographics and county characteristics. Certain types of pages like "Places of Worship" demonstrate a large degree of clustering suggesting community preference or potential complementarities to concentration. We also found that the social networks of different types of social place differ in important ways: The social networks of 'Restaurants' and 'Indoor Recreation' pages are more likely to be tight-knit communities of pre-existing friendships whereas 'Places of Worship' and 'Community Amenities' page categories are more likely to bridge new friendship ties. We believe that this study can serve as an important milestone for future studies on the systematic comparative study of social spaces and their social relationships.

Jan Ifversen, L. Pozzi

ABSTRACT This article investigates various heritage-related practices in the city of Shanghai since the end of colonialism. With the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the dominant approach was to remove the colonial heritage and replace it with a communist narrative of the people and its heroes. The introduction of market socialism in the 1990s led to a revival of the colonial heritage, but in a form that presented the city as a cosmopolitan and consumer-oriented center. The role of the colonial heritage in the dramatic change in the cityscape since the 1990s has often been viewed as nostalgic. This article analyses nostalgia as a reframing of the colonial heritage, in which it reappears as the design of communist extravagance or “conspicuous communism.” Through an analysis of the newly opened Shanghai History Museum, this article demonstrates that the global design strategy imposed on the cityscape is losing momentum and is now being challenged by a more robust narrative of a city formed more by communism than colonialism. The museum clearly reveals a tension between removing and reframing colonial heritage. Colonial heritage re-emerging in a positive way is rare, but may be found in a fascination with the darker and unruly forces of colonial Shanghai, or with objects that tend to disrupt the dominant approaches of removal and reframing.

Diego Ceruso

Reseña de Nicolás Iñigo Carrera, Estrategias de la clase obrera en los orígenes del peronismo, Buenos Aires, Grupo Editor Universitario-EUDEM, 2019, 138 pp.