Hasil untuk "Settlements"

Vladimir Polaček, Milena Samojlović, Diana Lupulović et al.

African Swine Fever (ASF) has been posing a significant threat to pig production and wildlife management in the Republic of Serbia since its first detection in 2019. The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the spatial and temporal spread of ASF in both domestic and wild pig populations in Serbia from the initial outbreak in the summer of 2019 through May 2025. Additionally, the study aimed to map the risk of ASF in the domestic pig sector to identify the areas where enhanced biosecurity measures could improve future disease control efforts.The analysis is based on official data obtained from the Serbian Veterinary Directorate, specifically from issued decisions related to all affected settlements and hunting grounds where ASF was confirmed. The data on the number of disease outbreaks used in the study are official records submitted to the European Commission through the Animal Diseases Information System for the 2019– 2025 period. Between 2019 and 2025, the spread of ASF in Serbia followed a distinct trajectory, moving from the southeastern regions toward the northwest, ultimately reaching the West Bačka District in Vojvodina in 2025. The disease demonstrates distinct seasonal dynamics: in domestic pigs, the majority of outbreaks occur during summer months, with an additional peak observed in November and December, while in wild boars the number of cases increases during the winter period. ASF is showing signs of becoming endemic in Serbia. The implemented control strategies have largely been reactive rather than preventive, demonstrating limited effectiveness in altering the overall trajectory of the epidemic. The principal risk factors contributing to the spread of ASF in Serbia are linked to the continued circulation of the virus between domestic pig and wild boar populations, predominantly driven by human activities associated with both animal groups.

‘Erali’ Miller, Kathleen Schroeder, Bhuwan Thapa et al.

This case study examines young children’s access to fresh local produce in childcare settings in rural Appalachia. In-depth, semi-structured interviews with childcare center directors participating in farm to early care and education programming were conducted in the spring of 2023. Centering the per­spective of childcare directors, this research explores why farm to school programming is diffi­cult to implement. It specifically addresses the bar­riers preventing early childcare centers from pro­viding access to fresh and local produce to enrolled children. Eight primary obstacles to implementing farm to early care and education programming were identified: lack of staff; too wide a variety of tasks for directors; the “extra” work that fresh pro­duce requires; lack of knowledge about how to grow food; lack of required kitchen equipment; need for additional funding; unclear or out-of-date regulations about food safety; and a lack of paren­tal time. Limitations of the research include the specific geographic location of the study and the long-lasting implications of the COVID-19 pan­demic. Recommendations drawn from this case study include improving communication between childcare centers and regulatory agencies; creative use of alternative gardening practices; participating in a regional food hub; and improved funding.

Ardiatno Yanuadi, Lilis Sri Mulyawati, Indarti Komala Dewi

Abstract. This research is driven by the great potential of tourism in improving the economy and affecting social and environmental aspects in Ketapang Urban Aquaculture (KUA). Although, the number of tourists tends to decrease. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the existing conditions in the main aspects of the 4A (Attractions, Amenities, Accessibility, and Ancillary) and analyze the perception of tourists so that it can be known what aspects need to be improved. The existing condition of KUA was analyzed using the descriptive analysis method, while the perception of tourists was analyzed using the scoring method. Analysis of existing conditions shows that KUA has a unique attraction: a mangrove park integrated with shrimp cultivation areas. KUA has an iconic amenity: the main building is shaped like a horseshoe crab and a Mangrove Plaza. The condition of the road to KUA is quite good and equipped with signposts. Analysis of tourist perception on the aspect of attraction with the highest score (1.97), namely mangrove park attractions, the lowest score (1.24) for mangrove plant education activities. The amenity aspect with the highest score (2.23) is cleanliness, and the lowest score (1.20) is for toilet facilities. The accessibility aspect of the highest score (2.54) is the main gate, and the lowest score (1.36) is the availability of public transportation modes. The ancillary aspect has the highest score (1.77) in management, and the lowest score (1.29) is promotion.

Mirosław Masojć, Ju Yong Kim, Hyeon-Seon Ahn et al.

Since the Middle Pleistocene, the Sahara region has undergone strong environmental changes resulting from climate changes. Dry periods, constituting an ecological barrier to human presence, alternated with wet periods when the Sahara area was covered with green savanna and an extensive network of watercourses, allowing the area to be occupied by hunter-gatherer groups. Responding to the Quaternary climatic changes, hominin dispersal was channeled through vegetated corridors. Such evidence for human settlements connected to Pleistocene green corridors in the Sahara region has been discovered in the research area called EDAR (Eastern Desert Atbara River). This area comprises a cluster of Acheulean and Middle Stone Age (MSA) sites discovered in the fluvial sedimentary context. This manuscript discusses the occurrence of Middle Pleistocene Acheulean artifacts in much younger sediments documented at the site EDAR 6. These Acheulean artifacts are present within thick Holocene calcareous sandy silts formed between 2.7 ka and 8.7 ka based on an optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronology, which is also supported by paleomagnetic analysis. The stone gravelly artifacts mantled above the eolian deposits have been known in other Paleolithic sites under the desert environment of Northern Africa. We propose that the relocation of the Palaeolithic artifacts was due to long-lasting erosional and redepositional processes affecting the Acheulean artifacts-bearing sediments since the Middle Pleistocene. We interpret that the cumulative results of the two processes, i.e., the gravel framework dilation and the gravel overpassing, allowed the stone artifacts to be exposed at the surface or incorporated in the Holocene sediment layers.

R.M. Yuvaraj, Bhagyasree Dolui

Worldwide, steep terrain is extremely susceptible to the landslip phenomenon. In the numerous hill and mountain ranges of India, landslides occur frequently and on an annual basis. Due to its significant rainfall during both the South West and North East monsoons, the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu is particularly susceptible to landslides. Despite being in a seismic zone, landslides were the most common natural disasters between 1865 and 2009 in this area. This has made a significant negative impact on the environment (fauna and flora) and human settlements in this region. In order to identify the proximity of their relationship, a simple statistical approach has been applied to derive it with the frequency ratio model. Moreover, frequency ratio method became valuable in validate the preferred causal factors depends on their ability to control a landslide incident since frequency ratio can explain clearly the difference of each score between landslide causative factors in each class and landslide distribution using Geograhical Information System (GIS). The result of frequency shows that the relationship between landslide occurrence and the slope shows that steeper slopes have greater landslide probabilities with the predicting rate of slope is 8.25%. Soli is the second most responsible factor for the cause of landslide with the value of 7.18%. High susceptibility area is widely spread over the western part of study area and some part in the western region.

Yuni Dwi Setyaningsih, Endang Hilmi, Roy Andreas et al.

Industrial waste is considered to have a higher economic value. The cigarette industry is a large industry that involves thousands of workers, so it is necessary to carry out good waste/garbage management so as not to pollute the surrounding environment. The Ministry of National Development Planning/BAPPENAS in collaboration with United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and supported by the Government of Denmark, launched a new concept on the development of a Circular Economy in Indonesia. The circular economy encourages a business model oriented to Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recovery and Repair (5R). The implementation of 5R concept approach can reduce the consumption of new materials by up to 30% in 2035 and 50% in 2050. This study aims to find out how to implement a sustainable waste management strategy using the 5R concept in the Cigarette Industry. The data were collected by means of observation and interviews with cigarette factory PT. X, The Department of Housing and Settlements and Environment Kebumen Regency and academics. The method used is descriptive analysis quantitative, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of this study show that during 2020, the average amount of waste generated in the cigarette factory of PT. X 1405.21 kg/month with the composition of waste in January 2021 consisting of 5.3% of category A waste; 5.5% category B; 51.3% category C; 1% category D; 36.5% category E; and 0.5% category F. Waste management in the cigarette factory of PT. X is broadly in accordance with Presidential Regulation No. 97 of 2017 regarding Indonesian National Strategy Policy on Managing Domestic Waste and Domestic Waste Equivalents. The suggested main alternative strategy is by using good/raw material in accordance with the procedure.

Natalina Carrà, Lucia Spanò

The recovery of the inner areas through the revitalization of minor historic centers is confronted with a fundamental problem: the ability to elaborate public policies able to combine the expectations of the development of the territory, exploiting its natural competitive advantages, with the preservation of historical and cultural identities. The attention to the territory and the European policies with a new approach place-based has placed the accent on the rediscovery and the valorization of the Inner Areas. In Italy, since 2014, a strategy has been put in place to reduce the population decline. The principle of implementation was not to work on uniform policies “one size fits all” but to design measures in a territorial dimension. The development of these territories through the presence of historical, local and territorial settlements would be perfectly in line with the goals of the Europe 2030 Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. The paper is about a research proposal on the small villages and minor historical centers of Calabria as focal points for the reactivation of the inland areas of the region. The comparison between strategies already started in Italy and the projects proposed by SRAI Calabria, still being implemented, is useful to outline the highlights of the Strategy and it is necessary to understand what kind of difficulties are.   Aree interne e centri minori per la competitività del territorio Il rilancio delle aree interne che passa per la rivitalizzazione di borghi e centri storici minori si scontra con un problema di fondo, ovvero la capacità di elaborare politiche pubbliche capaci di coniugare le aspettative di sviluppo del territorio, sfruttandone i vantaggi competitivi naturali, con la salvaguardia delle identità storico- culturale. L’attenzione al territorio e il nuovo approccio place-based nell’ambito delle politiche europee ha posto l’accento sulla riscoperta e la valorizzazione delle Aree Interne. In Italia, dal 2014, si è messa in atto una propria Strategia al fine di ridurre concretamente il deficit democratico che sta investendo l’intera nazione. Il principio di attuazione è stato quello di non lavorare su politiche uniformi calate dall’alto (one size fits all) ma di progettare gli interventi in una dimensione territoriale capace di “curvarvi” sulle specificità delle aree periferiche.  Lo sviluppo di questi territori attraverso la presenza insediativa storica, locale e territoriale sarebbe perfettamente in linea con gli obiettivi della Strategia Europe 2030 per una crescita intelligente, sostenibile ed inclusiva. Il paper presenta una proposta di ricerca sui i borghi e centri minori calabresi quali punti focali per la riattivazione delle aree interne della regione. Il raffronto tra modelli già avviati in Italia e i progetti proposti dalla SRAI Calabria, ancora in fase di attuazione, è utile non soltanto a delineare i punti salienti della Strategia, ma è necessario per comprendere quali siano le difficoltà che si incontrano.

Edward S. Riddell, Jaco Nel, Johan van Tol et al.

The semi-arid conditions in savanna landscapes ensure that ephemeral drainage dominates the hydrological network in these dryland systems. Quantification of their hydrological processes is important to inform ecosystem understanding and future conservation efforts under a changing climate, and to provide guidance for restoration. By combining in situ hydrometric observations, hydrochemistry, remote sensing and a soil water balance model, we characterise the groundwater–surface water interactions in ephemeral low-order catchments of the granitoid regions of the southern Kruger National Park (KNP). Streams at the lowest orders are augmented by lateral interflows from the catena, although the second- and third-order stream reaches are conduits for groundwater recharge to the fractured rock aquifer; the soils of the crests and foot-slopes also show preferential flow, and are truly recharge soils, whilst the duplex soils of the midslopes clearly show their responsive nature to a low soil moisture deficit in the shallow horizons. Actual evaporation (aET) differed between catena elements with surprisingly little variation at third-order hillslopes, with the greatest overall aET at the first order. Meanwhile, soil water balances demonstrated a significant variation in storage of the riparian zones as a result of interflow from upslope and aET losses. Furthermore, data support broader-scale observations that groundwater recharge through the vadose zone to the fractured rock aquifer is dependent upon threshold antecedent precipitation conditions. Moderate precipitation events (5 mm/day – 35 mm/day) over a 2–3 week period initiate groundwater responses with a 2–3 month lag, whilst intense precipitation events (100 mm/day) are expressed within 2–3 weeks. Conservation implications: Understanding the lateral connectivity of terrestrial ecosystems to the ephemeral drainage network expressed via hydrological processes in these savanna landscapes is important to infer potential impacts of climate variability on the continued conservation of these ecosystems, both within and external to protected areas.

Retno Susanti, Retno Widjajanti, Grandy Loranessa Wungo et al.

Population growth in the city of Semarang increases the need for residential land, shifting individuals from the center to the suburbs. Tembalang is a sub-district with a population growth of 3.69%. The trend in population growth is used to build gated homes, for middle and upper class individuals who need more comfortable, secure, quiet housing. However, the existence of a gated community makes a physical separation between community settlements. Privatization of public spaces in gated housing potentially leads to social inequality and lack of interaction with the surrounding community. The purpose of this study was to examine the social relations between the villagers around housing and residents of the gated community. The study uses questionnaires and open interviews interviews with 93 respondents from Kampong Gendong and a hierarchical analysis to examine social relations. The results show that there are social relations between gated housing residents and villagers based on residence, and they carry out several activities together. Also, housing typology influences the strength of the interaction between villagers and residents of the gated homes. In general, gated housing appear as a form of exclusive property with separate environmental facilities, which might be used by villagers to strengthen social interaction. The relations with the surrounding community play n important role in increasing the sense of security for residents of gated housing, unlike the use of perimeter fence or the guards.

Adelina N., Kustamar

The objectives of this research are 1) analyze the factors affecting project delay in building development project, 2) analyze the most dominant factor affecting project implementation delay in the building development project, 3) determine the actions that should be done on the dominant risks in affecting project implementation delay. The studied project is Building Development Project of Human Settlements Division of East Kutai Regency’s Public Works Service Office. From the hypothesis testing results of simultaneous regression model using F test; it is found that Fcount result is smaller than Ftable (1,079 < 2,270). Besides, p-value is found of 0.396. If p-value compared to α = 0.05, then p-value is bigger than α = 0.05. From both comparisons, it can be concluded that H0 is accepted in the standard of α = 0.05. Therefore, it is concluded that there is no simultaneous significant effect among factors of X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6 and X7 on project implementation delay. The most dominant factor affecting building development project implementation delay is Implementation Method Factor (X5) which has regression coefficient of -0,086. By using the help of SPSS software, it is found that β coefficient is of -0,086 and also p-value is smaller than α = 0.05.

María Alejandra Saus

<p>Durante el siglo XX Bahía Blanca fue un caso peculiar en la reestructuración ferroviaria argentina. Si bien la ciudad había sido un importante núcleo ferroportuario, la racionalización de infraestructuras —a cargo del Ministerio de Transporte e iniciada en 1948— estuvo concentrada en otras ciudades del país. Por ello, en la historia urbana y urbanística de Bahía Blanca la sensación de un desarrollo incompleto contrasta con grandes aspiraciones inalcanzadas. El objetivo del artículo es comparar imaginarios y realidades en torno a los predios ferroviarios desafectados, analizando documentos de la prensa y de los planes urbanos. Dicha tarea ha sido concebida en referencia a la historia del urbanismo en la Argentina y a sus paradigmas disciplinares.</p>

Anna Rek, Rafał Kowalski

Nadpodaż terenów mieszkaniowych występuje niemal w każdej gminie w Polsce, a w gminach sąsiadujących z dużymi miastami zjawisko to jest szczególnie zauważalne. Gminy podmiejskie, często stają się sypialniami dużych miast, przez co ich rozwój przebiega monofunkcyjnie. Przyczynami tego zjawiska są lokalna polityka przestrzenna oraz mankamenty samego systemu planowania przestrzennego w Polsce. Celem artykułu jest sprawdzenie, jak prowadzona od 2000 roku polityka przestrzenna gminy Aleksandrów Łódzki, wpłynęła na rozwój terenów mieszkaniowych na jej obszarze. W pracy przeanalizowano stosowane przez gminę narzędzia planistyczne, omawiając ich pozytywne i negatywne aspekty.

A. Chukwu, KK Oji

This study was carried out to assess the level, distribution and the contamination status of Pb, Zn, As, Ni, Cu, Cr and Cd in agricultural soils around the settlements of Abandoned Lead-Zinc Mine in Nkpuma Ekwoku, Southeastern, Nigeria. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals, Pb, Zn, As, Ni, Cu, Cr and Cd are 109.55, 210, 1.83, 2.34, 8.24, 12.66 and 8.57 mg/kg respectively. The values obtained were compared with the established soil sediment standard by Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment (CCME). Generally most samples around the abandoned Pb/Zn mine show higher concentration of Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cr compare to individual Effect Range Low (ERL) values of the elements while Cu, and Ni were below both Effect Range Low (ERL) and Effect Range Medium values. However, Cd and Cr exceed the Effect Range Medium of the elements. Pollution Load Index (PLI) was found to be generally low in all the locations whereas the contamination factor (CF) values for metals like Pb, Zn and Cd are >1 while CF values of As, Cu, Cr and Ni are <1. The contamination is most probably resulted from the mineralized veins and mining of the ores. Keywords: heavy metals; soil contamination; lead-zinc; Mkpuma-Ekwoku

Luis Alfonso Escudero Gómez

Toledo is not only a historical city, but one that has been developed haphazardly in a disjointed and unstructured manner. In 2007, the Municipal Urban Zoning Plan established its main purpose as to resolve this dysfunctionality in a sustainable way. The objective of this article is to demonstrate that this plan has foundered and it is necessary to consider a newer and more urbanised city planning model. The plan took into consideration an erroneous territorial model with an expansive land development classification that includes extensive housing development. We have implemented an analytical and critical methodology based upon multiple sources, such as literature, the press and other direct sources: statistics, judicial rulings, GIS and the plan itself. This research and its findings are comparatively applicable to other cities where there is an expansive urban development model in place.

R. Naroll

Hossein Yaghfori, Diman Kashefi Doost, Jamil Ghadr Marzi

Commercial centers, especially in border cities of the country, have an important role on tourist's attraction. Attracting domestic and foreign tourists, help economic growth. And provision of proper facilities can affect positively tourists’ attraction. The current study examines the role of commercial centers on tourism development. The study conducted a survey and is descriptive-co relational in nature. 35 experts were participated in the survey. In addition using Cochran’s model for sampling 320 of tourists were needed to be surveyed, which were later increased to 355 for having a better image of tourists’ perspective.  The collected data using questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS and Spearman and Chi-square test were used. The results of this research indicate that the activity of border markets have a great role on the development of tourism in Piranshahr, which contributes to the economic development.  In addition it was found that facilities and services of commercial centers effects tourism satisfaction.

D. Bertalot, A. Brennan, F. Villalobos

Avery Livengood, K. Kunte

Juan Carlos Etulain, Alejandra González Biffis

El tema abordado surge de la línea de investigación en desarrollo vinculada con las Intervenciones Urbanas en la Ciudad Contemporánea, y pone énfasis en la escala intermedia o proyecto urbano (en adelante PU) como instrumento de intervención y transformación de la ciudad. En este sentido, es objetivo de este artículo presentar los cambios sufridos en su conceptualización e implementación identificando distintas familias o generaciones (ejemplificadas con casos), tributarias de cambios contextuales y epistemológicos significativos, que en el marco de la crisis estructural del capitalismo avanzado y otros procesos de cambio e incertidumbre característicos de la inflexión entre los siglos XX y XXI, condujeron a la sociedad a interpelar saberes y prácticas urbanísticas. La estrategia metodológica utilizada para la identificación de la evolución del PU como instrumento de intervención es de naturaleza exploratoria, de alcance explicativo, basada en la identificación de casos y referentes nacionales e internacionales en la temática.

T. G. Nedzelyk

Characterized are the number and structure of library collections formed by the Poles in the settlements of Siberia in 2nd half of XIX - beginning of XXth century. Analyzed is information on availability of book collections in towns and settlements of Siberia. The conclusions on the reading specifics of Siberian Poles are made.