Ilias Diakonikolas, Daniel M. Kane, Sihan Liu
et al.
We study the task of testable learning of general -- not necessarily homogeneous -- halfspaces with adversarial label noise with respect to the Gaussian distribution. In the testable learning framework, the goal is to develop a tester-learner such that if the data passes the tester, then one can trust the output of the robust learner on the data.Our main result is the first polynomial time tester-learner for general halfspaces that achieves dimension-independent misclassification error. At the heart of our approach is a new methodology to reduce testable learning of general halfspaces to testable learning of nearly homogeneous halfspaces that may be of broader interest.
The status of the equivalence principle in modified symmetric teleparallel gravity is examined. In this theory, minimum length geodesics are distinct from autoparallel geodesics, that is, the ``shortest'' paths are not the ``straightest'' paths. We show that a standard argument that singles out metric geodesics in general relativity does not apply in modified symmetric teleparallel gravity. This is because the latter theory does not obey the equivalence principle in the sense of Weinberg. We argue, however, that the structure of the theory makes it inevitable that a freely falling test particle follows a shortest path, a geodesic of the metric. The geodesic equation that governs the motion of a freely falling test particle involves the Levi-Civita connection, not some other connection obtained by solving the connection field equations of the theory. This also has bearing on whether, under appropriate conditions, modified symmetric teleparallel gravity is fully equivalent to general relativity.
Fix an irrational number $α$ and a real function $\mathfrak{p}$ on the circle with $0<\mathfrak{p}<1$. If a particle is placed at a point $x\in \mathbb R/\mathbb Z$, then in the next step it jumps to $x+α$ with probability $\mathfrak{p}(x)$ and to $x-α$ with probability $1-\mathfrak{p}(x)$. Sinai and Kaloshin proved that if $\mathfrak{p}$ is smooth then the random walk is uniquely ergodic and mixing, unless $α$ is Liouville and $\mathfrak{p}$ is symmetric. Unique ergodicity in the general case has been obtained by Conze and Guivarc'h. Here we give an alternative proof of the latter as well as some generic result about mixing, which partially solves a recent open problem.
Let $(g_n)_{n\geq 1}$ be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random elements with law $μ$ on the general linear group $\textup{GL}(V)$, where $V=\mathbb R^d$. Consider the random walk $G_n : = g_n \ldots g_1$, $n \geq 1$. Under suitable conditions on $μ$, we establish the first-order Edgeworth expansion for the coefficients $\langle f, G_n v \rangle$ with $v \in V$ and $f \in V^*$, in which a new additional term appears compared to the case of vector norm $\|G_n v\|$.
Let $X$ be either a general hypersurface of degree $n+1$ in $\mathbb P^n$ or a general $(2,n)$ complete intersection in $\mathbb P^{n+1}, n\geq 4$. We construct balanced rational curves on $X$ of all high enough degrees. If $n=3$ or $g=1$, we construct rigid curves of genus $g$ on $X$ of all high enough degrees. As an application we construct some rigid bundles on Calabi-Yau threefolds. In addition, we construct some low-degree balanced rational curves on hypersurfaces of degree $n + 2$ in $\mathbb P^n$.
Algorithmic governmentality is a new form of political governance interconnected with technology and computation. By coining the term “algorithmic governmentality,” Antoinette Rouvroy argues that this mode of governance reduces everything to data, and people are no longer individuals but dividuals (able to be divided) or readable data profiles. Implementing the concept of algorithmic governmentality, the current study analyses Project Itoh’s award-winning novel Harmony in terms of such relevant concepts as “subjectivity,” “infra-individuality” and “control,” as suggested by Rouvroy and colleagues. The analysis further draws on Foucault’s ideas of “governmentality” and “neoliberalism” and Deleuze’s concepts of “dividuality” and “society of control.” In Itoh’s fictional world, the entire society is subject to the new medical government, which replaced the chaotic world with a perfect but harrowing benevolent society, eradicating disease, suicide and crime. As elucidated in this paper, despite the dominant controlling government, there is a hope for humans to regain and reestablish their subjectivity and give meaning to their own personality by defying the nihilistic computational system.
The interconnectedness and interdependence of modern graphs are growing ever more complex, causing enormous resources for processing, storage, communication, and decision-making of these graphs. In this work, we focus on the task graph sparsification: an edge-reduced graph of a similar structure to the original graph is produced while various user-defined graph metrics are largely preserved. Existing graph sparsification methods are mostly sampling-based, which introduce high computation complexity in general and lack of flexibility for a different reduction objective. We present SparRL, the first generic and effective graph sparsification framework enabled by deep reinforcement learning. SparRL can easily adapt to different reduction goals and promise graph-size-independent complexity. Extensive experiments show that SparRL outperforms all prevailing sparsification methods in producing high-quality sparsified graphs concerning a variety of objectives.
The present research featured the content, specific features, and potential of military diaries as a historical source in the anthropology of the Great Patriotic War. The study was based on the views of the leading Soviet and modern specialists in the field of source studies and historical methodology. The author defined three approaches to the place of diaries in the classification of historical sources: 1) diaries as ego-documents, 2) military diaries as memoirs, 3) diaries as a separate group of personal documents. The research objective was to determine the potential of military diaries as a source for anthropological studies of the Great Patriotic War. The method of content analysis revealed the most important aspects for the dairy writers in extreme military environment. The biographical method based on the diary analysis made it possible to describe the image of homo militaris during the Great Patriotic War. Military diaries demonstrated a great potential for studies of war routine, healthcare, psychology, and enemy perception through the eyes of an ordinary military participant, the psychology of warring man, the perception of an enemy during World War I.
History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, Psychology
There are at least two factors that trigger problems in the Qur`an learning in the industrial era 4.0: the rejection of changes that occur in educators and acceptance of changes, but the available technological infrastructure cannot support learning of the Qur`an into the realm of education in the era industry 4.0. This resulted in failure in learning the Qur`an. The manifestations of this failure are in the form of unsuccessful character building for students to have Qur`anic characters, fading love of students for the Qur`an, loss of students' polite behavior, and limited material received only limited to cognitive knowledge without performance abilities. By using the descriptive-explorative method, this paper produces findings that the problems of learning the Qur`an in the industrial era, namely: the use of the Qur`an learning method which is monotonous, the learning strategy of the Qur`an is not yet right, the lack of facilities. infrastructure that supports learning Qur`an, there has not been any transformation and innovation of the Qur`an learning that takes advantage of technological sophistication, the lack of professional educators, and lack of support from the environment for the realization of a triple education center.
Resumo Livro para todos e para ninguém, Assim falava Zaratustra ocupa, com efeito, um lugar especial no conjunto da obra de Nietzsche. Já no Prólogo do livro, o filósofo alemão faz intervir concepções únicas e personagens sui generis, tais como, por exemplo, a noção de além-do-homem e as figuras do equilibrista e do bufão. Explorando a rica mediação narrativa e as finas referências textuais que constituem essas duas simbólicas personagens, bem como os possíveis sentidos conferidos à ideia de superação do tipo “homem”, o presente artigo conta lançar uma nova luz sobre um dos núcleos temáticos mais discutidos do legado nietzschiano.
Victor Manuel Tepe Atoche, Juan Pedro Soplapuco Montalvo
La formación de los ingenieros es un tema que involucra a docentes y estudiantes, los avances tecnologico obliga a los centros de formación superior buscar alternativas para mejorar o proponer nuevas estrategias de enseñanza en ingeniería. El objetivo de la Investigacion realizada fue hacer una revisión bibliográfica de manera cualitativa, que nos permita conocer las estrategias metodologias de enseñanza utilizadas por los docentes en las carreras de ingeniería en universidades de Latinoamérica y el mundo, teniendo en consideración el impacto que estas generan en la formación de los futuros ingenieros, se consideró cuarenta(40) artículos publicados entre los años 2010 al 2020 que tengan relación a procesos de formación, se utilizó el buscador Google Académico y las ecuaciones de búsqueda, con la finalidad de encontrar en bases de datos la información, que nos permitirán hacer un análisis del desarrollo de las estrategias metodológicas, que los docentes utilizan en la formación de los futuros ingenieros, esto no lleva a concluir que todavía es un área que requiere ser atendida por los investigadores.
We extend the variational approach to regularity for optimal transport maps initiated by Goldman and the first author to the case of general cost functions. Our main result is an $ε$-regularity result for optimal transport maps between Hölder continuous densities slightly more quantitative than the result by De Philippis-Figalli. One of the new contributions is the use of almost-minimality: if the cost is quantitatively close to the Euclidean cost function, a minimizer for the optimal transport problem with general cost is an almost-minimizer for the one with quadratic cost. This further highlights the connection between our variational approach and De Giorgi's strategy for $ε$-regularity of minimal surfaces.
A new symmetry for Newtonian Dynamics is analyzed, this corresponds to going to an accelerated frame, which introduces a constant gravitational field into the system and subsequently. We consider the addition of a linear contribution to the gravitational potential \(φ\) which can be used to cancel the gravitational field induced by going to the accelerated from, the combination of these two operations produces then a symmetry. This symmetry leads then to a Noether current which is conserved. The conserved charges are analyzed in special cases. The charges may not be conserved if the Noether current produces flux at infinity, but such flux can be eliminated by going to the CM (center of mass) system in the case of an isolated system. In the CM frame the Noether charge vanishes, Then we study connection between the Cosmological Principle and the Newtonian Dynamics which was formulated via a symmetry (Benisty and Guendelman in Mod Phys Lett A 35:2050131, 2020) of this type, but without an action formulation. Homogeneous behavior for the coordinate system relevant to cosmology leads to a zero Noether current and the requirement of the Newtonian potential to be invariant under the symmetry in this case yields the Friedmann equations, which appear as a consistency condition for the symmetry.
In the constrained synchronization problem we ask if a given automaton admits a synchronizing word coming from a fixed regular constraint language. We show that intersecting a given constraint language with an ideal language decreases the computational complexity. Additionally, we state a theorem giving PSPACE-hardness that broadly generalizes previously used constructions and a result on how to combine languages by concatenation to get polynomial time solvable constrained synchronization problems. We use these results to give a classification of the complexity landscape for small constraint automata of up to three states.
This essay focuses on characteristic of pragmatism and its philosophical function in pragmatism milieu that has been improved by Richard Rorty. It dicussess Rorty’s famous book: Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. In Rorty’s view, pragmatism is a new philosophy orientation that goes beyond modern Western epistemology tradition. Epistemology in Western tradition since the 16-17 Century have been deeply influenced by Descartes, Locke and Kant, who spent great effort in stipulating all formal a priori categories as foundational constitutive factors of human knowledge. Such fondational knowledge is believed to represent reality and creates abstract-apriori and contemplation world. Instead of contemplation, Rorty pragmatism suggests a reverse way of knowing by introducing to the virtue of human’s concrete dimension which is united with dimension of action. In other words, understanding Rorty’s characteristic of pragmatism the same way to understand his critics against modern Western epistemology which has only created an abstract world and contemplation. The paper offers three parts of discussions; firstly, Rorty’s view on modern Western epistemology; followed by general characteristic of Rorty’s pragmatism, and last, its consequence toward philosophy function. Through pragmatism, Rorty affirms his support to plurality of human values and interest as concrete subject.
This research was a case study that observed the movement of Jamaah Anshorut Tauhid. JAT movement is a jihad movement with the aim of fighting for Islamic Sharia in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative deskriptif method in direct contact with the object under study. It gives a complete picture of the phenomenon of radical Islamic JAT movements that was religiously motivated and understand the process of dynamics and the purpose of the social change that they want. The radical changes that they expect was contradict with the regime in Indonesia. The government's refreshing action accompanies every step of the JAT jihadists. In fact, excessive force often carried out by the authorities to provide a deterrent effect. But such actions only lead to jihadist heroism and reinforce their beliefs. Two things should be explained in the JAT movement, firstly, JAT involvement in Aceh military training in 2010. This military training involved cross-tanzhim jihad in Indonesia. The alumnus of this training will form a new radical network affiliated with ISIS. Second, the influence of ISIS in Indonesia caused a split in JAT. For JAT jihadi that supports ISIS still survives under the leadership of Abu Bakar Ba'asyir and Aman Abdurrahman while those who refuse to join ISIS have to get out of tanzhim. Those who came out of JAT formed a new organisation with the name of Jamaah Anshorut Syariah (JAS) under the leadership of Muhammad Achwan.
Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus yang menyorot gerakan Jamaah Anshorut Tauhid. Gerakan JAT merupakan gerakan jihad dengan tujuan memperjuangkan 214 Syariat Islam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptik kualitatif yang bersentuhan langsung dengan obyek yang diteliti. Memberikan gambaran utuh fenomena gerakan radikal Islam JAT yang bermotif agama dan memahami proses dinamika dan tujuan dari perubahan sosial yang hendak mereka wujudkan. Perubahan radikal yang mereka harapkan bertentangan dengan rezim di Indonesia. Tindakan refresif pemerintah mengiringi setiap langkah para jihadis JAT. Bahkan kerapkali kekerasan berlebihan dilakukan aparat untuk memberikan efek jera. Tetapi tindakan seperti ini hanya menimbulkan sikap heroisme jihadis dan semakin meneguhkan keyakinan mereka. Dua hal yang patut disorot dari gerakan JAT pertama, keterlibatan JAT dalam pelatihan militer Aceh tahun 2010. Pelatihan militer ini melibatkan lintas tanzhim jihad di Indonesia. Alumni dari pelatihan ini kelak membentuk jaringan radikal baru yang berafiliasi dengan ISIS. Kedua, pengaruh ISIS di Indonesia melahirkan perpecahan bagi JAT. Bagi jihadi JAT yang mendukung ISIS tetap bertahan dibawah pimpinan Abu Bakar Ba’asyir dan Aman Abdurrahman sedangkan yang menolak bergabung dengan ISIS harus keluar dari tanzhim. Mereka yang keluar dari JAT membentuk jamaah baru dengan nama Jamaah Anshorut Syariah (JAS) dibawah pimpinan Muhammad Achwan.