Background . These days, the fight against corruption, its causes, consequences, and prerequisites has become a systemic and crucial part of state power policy and public administration activities due to the threatening nature of corruption processes in Ukraine and the risks associated with them, particularly during times of war. Such social challenges require intensification of the processes of development and practical implementation of an effective set of anti-corruption measures, as well as improvement of their institutional and regulatory support, which, in turn, requires further intensification of multi-disciplinary scientific research into conditions, determinants and incentives for the emergence and spread of corruption phenomena, development of adequate to current realities theoretical and methodological foundations for increasing the effectiveness of the state anti-corruption strategy, improving its regulatory and legal framework, optimizing the methodology and methods of assessing corruption risks by authorized bodies in the field of public administration. The aim of the article is to provide coverage of the results of the study of pressing problems, ideational-theoretical foundations, methodological basis, and specifics of disciplinary guidelines of scientific-theoretical study, as well as determination of the nature of corruption risks and features of their interpretation in the regulatory requirements of the current anticorruption legislation of Ukraine and methodological and methodical recommendations of other Ukrainian regulatory documents; justification of the need to introduce improvements to the ideational-theoretical and methodological foundations of the analysis and methodology for assessing the factors of corruption in the system of public administration bodies, as well as the correction of the connotations of the traditional conceptual apparatus of cognition and the conceptual explanation of the nature of corruption phenomena. Methods . In the process of studying the phenomenon and, above all, the problems of scientific theoretical modeling of corruption risks, epistemological possibilities of systemic, structural-functional, comparative-legal methods of cognition of social and political-legal phenomena, analytical grounds of discursive, interpretive, predictive and content analysis are used. Results . The importance of the research is substantiated, and the totality of those problems that relate to further improvement of the ideationaltheoretical and methodological foundations of the scientific study of corruption phenomena and processes is considered. Based on the principles of the methodology of scientific knowledge, systemic consideration of interpretations introduced by regulatory legal acts of Ukraine and publications of Ukrainian scientists on the risks of corruption and taking into account the specifics of their conceptual interpretations and classifications, the advantages and disadvantages of the points of view common in the modern Ukrainian corruption discourse on the conditions and mechanisms of corruption risk formation, respectively, their definitions, are revealed. The necessity of correcting the general theoretical content of the notion of "corruption risk" with the aim of its specification and normative unification with the terminology and requirements of the current legislation and regulatory documents of anti-corruption bodies (first of all, the National Agency on Corruption Prevention) has been substantiated. Conclusions . The imperfection of modern theoretical ideas about the essence of the phenomenon of corruption risks has been analyzed and characterized, a scientific comparison has been made, and the peculiarities of their interpretation and conceptual and terminological fixation have been revealed, firstly, in the current anti-corruption Ukrainian legislation and normative methodological documents, and secondly, in Ukrainian and foreign volumes on corruption, as a result of which a more universal and optimal for the modern theoretical model and practical procedures (assessment methods) definition of the notion of "corruption risk" has been formulated.
Much of policy-making involves prioritization—deciding not only what to do, but also when—and uncertainty—not knowing exactly how the choices made will affect actual policy outcomes. I present a theory of dynamic prioritization within a hierarchical organization. The model illustrates how notions such as an agency’s performance, mission, and critical tasks are linked with details such as institutional structure and the preferences of both front-line bureaucrats and their overseers. The theory highlights some reasons why even sincere, representative policy-making decisions might appear irrational, inconsistent, or “captured” to outside observers. This is in contrast to classical “spatial models” of policy that abstract from the more quotidian details of how policy is actually made as opposed to simply being “chosen.” The theory also generates traditional comparative static-style predictions about the features of the policy-making tasks, the preferences of bureaucrats and political overseers, and agency structure that affect the substance and quality of policy-making. Finally, the theory offers a general explanation for why real-world agencies employ widely varying processes to organize and implement policy-making: optimal policy-making is—in a precise sense—“sufficiently complicated” to render a succinct and robust summary of optimal management impossible.
This study measures corruption using survey data, newspaper reports, court records, anti-corruption agency records, and other sources. Corruption and problems with the government have been significant problems in South Asia since the early 1980s. The Corruption Perception Index (CPI) from Transparency International is recommended because it is a “robust” indicator that looks at many different ways to measure political corruption in each country. The root causes of corruption in South Asian countries, however, are a monopoly of government-controlled institutions, excessive regulations, convoluted tax and licensing systems, numerous government departments with opaque bureaucracies and discretionary powers, and a lack of transparency in laws and procedures. Tax evasion, which helps black money accumulate and lowers public morale, has a substantial negative impact on the economies and politics of South Asian nations. Since the 1980s, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and Bangladesh have all been officially charged with corruption. In addition, political rivals and the media frequently accuse the prime ministers of Sri Lanka and Nepal of corruption. In Bangladesh, Pakistan, and other South Asian countries, political bribery is widespread. In 2002, General Pervez Musharraf passed stringent election laws that forbade politicians convicted of a crime from seeking office. The rule’s detractors believe that applying it would prevent the civilian community’s two most influential political figures from challenging the military administration in elections later this year.
B a c k g r o u n d . Global changes that have occurred in social relations in the world and in Ukraine recently, related to the environmental crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic, the full-scale war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, require the systematization of scientific knowledge about parliamentarism as a special system of public management, in which the priority role in the formation of state policy, the parliament is the only legislative body of state power. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the traditions of people's representation and the values of political and administrative leadership, political responsibility and innovative activity of the parliament as those that contribute to the democratic development of Ukraine in the conditions of global changes. Object of study is parliamentarism in conditions of global changes. M e t h o d s . A complex of general scientific and special scientific research methods was used for: formulating the main concepts and conclusions of the research (method of theoretical analysis); comparison of legislative acts (method of comparative analysis); forecasting ways to improve the quality of the activity of the parliament and parliamentarians in the conditions of global changes, taking into account the modern values of parliamentarism, such as ethical leadership and innovative activity in public administration (methods of observation, surveys, generalization). R e s u l t s . It was determined that the principles of people's representation and representative democracy are traditional for parliamentarism as a special system of public administration, on the basis of which representative bodies of state power have functioned on Ukrainian lands for many centuries, whose activity is characterized by electability and collegiality in making political and administrative decisions. Their varieties in different historical periods of the functioning and development of Ukraine (during the times of Kyivan Rus, the Lithuanian-Russian State, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Moscow State, the Cossack Republic, the Hetmanship as part of the Russian Empire, the Ukrainian People's Republic, the Ukrainian SSR, the Ukrainian SSR, and in modern Ukraine) and it was found that the majority of Ukrainians perceive them as a public value characterized by a higher level of legitimacy. It is noted that a special role among other representative bodies of state power is played by Councils, which are a custom (tradition) and passed from generation to generation, for which the Ukrainian people have been fighting fiercely against various interventionists at all times and now. The essence of the concept of "parliamentarism" and its structural elements, such as: institutions of the state (political and social) and institutions of democracy (election, publicity, equality before the law, distribution of power); considered the dual nature of the parliament as a state institution and an institution of democracy, which is a representative body of state power, has its own structure, forms, methods, management technologies and is responsible for creating an effective mechanism of interaction with internal structural elements and civil society. It is substantiated that in the conditions of global changes associated with the environmental crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic, a full-scale war with the Russian Federation, in Ukrainian society it is important to form a system of values in public administration, based on political and managerial ethical leadership, political responsibility, innovative activity. C o n c l u s i o n s . It is substantiated that in Ukraine, in the conditions of global changes related to the environmental crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic, a full-scale war with the Russian Federation, a system of values is being formed in public administration, in particular in parliamentary activity, related to political and administrative leadership, political responsibility, the innovative activity of the parliament and further development acquires a national tradition of people's representation, which contributes to the democratic progress of the state.
Comparative Public Administration and Public Administration are identified as branches of Political Science. While public administration is more attached to the action part of government policies and Implementation, comparative public administration dwells more on research endeavors as a practical field of assessing regular patterns and differences of cross-cultural administrative structures among countries. The paper is a descriptive and comparative analysis of Nigeria and Britain Public Administration to develop critical institutions for better performances. Thus, selected institutions in Britain were made the flagship of comparison with Nigeria, to discover the pattern of similarities and differences that can help to retool Nigeria’s public institution for better effective service delivery. It was discovered that good governance and public service delivery would be unimpressive due to the weakness of Nigeria's institutions that have been perverted by corruption, selfish idiosyncrasies of leadership, ethno linguistic sentiments, and lawlessness among other challenges which are not entrenched in Britain. In solutions, concerted efforts towards building strong institutions, advocacy for due process in policy formulation and implementation, the entrenchment of patriotism in public service, and encouragement of research in Comparative Administration are recommended
As domestic and foreign practice shows, that public-private partnership (PPP) is a mutually beneficial cooperation between government and business, which contributes to the development of the economy, social sphere, entrepreneurship, and solving problems in a particular territory. The active development of PPP in the Russian Federation began in 2015 and today it can be argued that PPP is developing as a social institution, its regulatory and legal framework has been formed, which is being supplemented and improved, there are organizational mechanisms and a management system in this area, PPP projects are being actively implemented, an increasing number of participants at the federal, regional and municipal levels. However, the level of development of PPP in the regions varies from high to low. The work is devoted to the study of the features of the development of public-private partnership in the Transbaikal Region. The object of research is public-private partnership as a social institution. The subject of the study is the factors of development and problems of PPP in the Transbaikal Region. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the development of PPP in the Transbaikal Region, to develop recommendations for eliminating problem areas. The research objectives are the following: to reveal the concept, essence and advantages of public-private partnership; determine the level of development of PPP in the Transbaikal Region in the context of the regions of the Russian Federation and the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District; to give an analysis of the regulatory and organizational basis of PPP at the regional level; identify the problems of PPP in the Transbaikal Region; to give recommendations on improving the PPP sphere in the region. The theoretical basis of the study is related to the theories of public administration and state regulation of the economy. The author has used the methodology of a systematic approach, the principle of theory and practice unity, the principle of objectivity, as well as general scientific research methods: analysis and synthesis, logical method, comparison; sociological methods: expert survey. The paper presents an analysis of approaches to the definition of PPP in the scientific literature and legislative practice, gives a comparative description of PPP, its advantages and opportunities for the state and the private partner. The dynamics of the PPP development in the Transbaikal Region in the period from 2014 to 2020 is determined. This dynamics is determined by a number of factors and conditions that develop at the national and regional levels, such as economic and political factors, financial and legal conditions, technological progress and socio-cultural factors. The level of PPP development in the Transbaikal Region is not high, but there is a trend towards positive dynamics: the number of PPP projects is increasing; the legislative framework and organizational and financial conditions for the PPP development are being improved. The limiting factors are the low investment attractiveness of the region, the unbalanced system of planning and management of the PPP sphere, the insufficient number of highly qualified personnel in this area, the lack of a unified information platform and a specialized regional center for the PPP development. The driving factors for the development of the PPP sphere can be considered various benefits and preferences for investors in the Far Eastern Federal District, which the Transbaikal Region entered in 2018, the activity of the authorities and their competence. The paper presents recommendations for improving the PPP system, taking into account the best practices of other regions of the Russian Federation
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of youth job policy measures, set forth in Korea's 2016-2020 Third Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Aging Society (December 2015), on marriage and fertility among young people. Based on the results, we provide theoretical explanations for the findings and suggest policy alternatives to overcome the low fertility phenomenon in Korea.
Previous studies have shown that employment is an important factor for marriage among youth, and a job policy could increase marriage and fertility rates.
To test this assumption, we performed an exact matching between Statistics Korea's Employee-Enterprise Linkage DB and the Newlyweds DB from 2011 to 2019, in order to identify all young people aged 15-34. Then, linear spline regression analysis was used to examine the impact of the youth job policy on marriage and fertility.
Comparing the period before the implementation of the employment policy (2011-2015) and after (2016-2019), the fertility rate increased as the number of young people looking for work increased. In addition, it was found that these impacts were greater after the implementation of the measures (2016-2019) than before (2011-2015).
It is interesting to note that job growth among young people did not lead to an increase in marriage. However, the number of births significantly increased when young people who occupy jobs got married, which seems to be related to the delay in marriage among young people who are employed. Survey results about the intentions to marry and views on fertility are utilized for the explanation of the study results.
Political science (General), Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
This article aims to analyse the impact of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) on Italian regionalism. After summarising the characteristic features of the Italian multi-level government model, the text analyses three significant issues of the NRRP: drafting, governance, and implementation. For each of these issues, an attempt will be made to define the role played by the regions and local authorities and their relationship with the central government, to identify elements of continuity and disruption concerning the trends present in the system of territorial autonomies prior to the adoption of the Plan. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the NRRP has given the system a shift towards centralism. If the reforms and investments envisaged in the Plan are successful, however, this could herald the opening of a new season for territorial autonomies in Italy.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Wulan Anggit Utami, Ayu Rikza, Pujana Anggresta
et al.
This study focuses on the collaboration between the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Government of Indonesia, the Bhakti Jaya Indonesia Foundation, and the Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur to improve the economic protection of Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan. The three actors are representatives of state actors and non-state actors. The financial condition of Indonesian migrant workers is often in the spotlight with their inability to get out of the debt trap and consumptive financial management. Moreover, this condition finally seemed to throw away all the hard work of PMI while working abroad. Based on this fact, an institutional collaboration between state and non-state actors has initiated a financial literacy program for Indonesian migrant workers, which is indeed the implementation of the normative law of economic protection in accordance with the mandate of state law. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach which aims to describe the phenomena raised by the researchers through contextual studies. Researchers also use a literature review instrument to complement the research approach. Meanwhile, researchers used qualitative data analysis that took primary and secondary data for data analysis. This study highlights how the gaps in Indonesian migrant workers' inability to manage their finances can be addressed with good collaboration between state and non-state actors. It is hoped that from this research, there will be many similar programs to improve Indonesian migrant workers' welfare, especially in Taiwan.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
V. Visser, Jitske van Popering-Verkerk, Arwin van Buuren
The rise of citizens’ initiatives is changing the relation between governments and citizens. This paper contributes to the discussion of how governments can productively relate to these self-organizing citizens. The study analyzes the relation between the social production of invited spaces and the invitational character of such spaces, as perceived by governments and citizens. Invited spaces are the (institutional, legal, organizational, political and policy) spaces that are created by governments for citizens to take on initiatives to create public value. We characterize four types of invited spaces and compare four cases in Dutch planning to analyze how these types of invited spaces are perceived as invitational. From the analysis, we draw specific lessons for governments that want to stimulate citizens’ initiatives. We conclude with a general insight for public administration scholars; in addition to formal rules and structures, scholars should pay more attention to interactions, attitudes and meaning making of both government officials and citizens.
The relevance of the research topic is justified by the need to form a comprehensive understanding of the es-sence and content of modern economic relations and the role of state policy in their regulation, as well as the imple-mentation of modern economic policy of the state, taking into account the existing system of state management of the economic sphere. The purpose of the study is to analyze and generalize the experience of modern Russian political scientists in the latest research areas in modern Russian political science using the example of economic political science. Objectives substantiation of the relevance of the development of economic political science as the most important, newest direction in the development of modern Russian political science; analysis of the positions of Russian scientists, representatives of political science regarding the subject of economic political science as a science and academic discipline; analysis of the state of representation of areas of training in economic political science, the discipline "Economic political science" in Russian educational institutions of higher education; justification of the need to introduce the discipline "Economic Political Science" for students of training areas in political science, public administration and economics The research methodology is based on the author's approach, the author's hypothesis about the lack of political and economic research in modern Russian political science. The methods used are general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of information, as well as political science and economic analysis. Results. The urgency of the development of economic political science as the most important, newest direction of development of modern Russian political science and the need to introduce the discipline "Economic political science" for students of training areas in political science, public administration and economics are substantiated. The analysis of the positions of Russian scientists, representatives of political science regarding the subject of economic political science as a science and academic discipline is carried out. Conclusion. The study made it possible to conclude that it is necessary to develop the direction of political and economic research in accordance with the provisions enshrined at the level of the order of the Ministry of Science and Education No. 118.
Jémerson Quirino de Almeida, Silvio Luiz Lofego, Alexandre de Castro
Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas questões sobre a relação entre políticas públicas e a educação no enfrentamento de múltiplas formas de discriminação e preconceito, particularmente, nas temáticas de gênero e raça na sociedade brasileira. Respirando ares de relativa democracia no decênio 1980-1990 o Brasil e o mundo se permitiram processos de aberturas culminando na derrubada de alguns muros, contestação de injustiças, até mesmo correção de certas desigualdades. Para tanto, partindo de questões de natureza legal estabelecemos um diálogo com importantes referências teóricas sobre temáticas de gênero e raça, como: Francisco Bethencourt (2018); Nilma Gomes (2008); Fúlvia Rosemberg (2018); Nancy Fraser (2009), refletindo sobre ações afirmativas, políticas de combate à desigualdade e a opressão das minorias destacando lutas e mudanças ocorridas em longo prazo. Avalia-se que a reflexão aqui proposta tenha o poder de fazer com que possamos nos repensar diante nossa formação colonial eurocêntrica, e possamos cada vez mais assumirmos nossas características multiculturais. Distintamente da proposta de harmonia social, mestiçagem ou democracia racial, a perspectiva multicultural assumiria os conflitos e assimetrias de poder presentes no momento da formação cultural nacional.
Recebido: 15/07/2020
Aceito: 14/09/2020
Political institutions and public administration (General), Social sciences (General)
В статье рассматривается вопрос о текстах из разряда дхарани, включенных в 108-томный канонический свод Ганджур на монгольском языке. Ксилографическое издание Монгольского Ганджура было привезено из экспедиций в Китай индийским ученым Рагхувирой и в последующем использовано для повторного издания в серии «Шата-питака» (Śata-Piṭaka Series) Локешом Чандра. Экземпляр этого 108-томного серийного издания был приобретен через бурятские дацаны калмыцким гелюнгом Тугмюд-гавджи (О. М. Дорджиевым) (1887‒1980) и ныне составляет ценную часть коллекции старописьменных источников Научного архива КалмНЦ РАН. Анализ оглавлений, которые предваряют каждый из томов издания Л. Чандра, а также текстов свода показал, что сочинения из разряда дхарани представлены в ряде томов, соответственно в разных разделах, преимущественно в разделах «Dandr-a» («Тантра») и «Eldeb» («Собрание сутр»), причем отдельные тома включают единичные тексты, а в каких-то других томах они приводятся единым блоком (подборками). Один из текстов дхарани — сочинение из 23-го тома «Дхарани, именуемая „Сердце-сущность Святого, [обладающего] безграничной жизнью и знанием“» представлен в данной публикации в виде транслитерации и комментированного перевода. Цель статьи — дать обзор сочинений жанра дхарани в составе Монгольского Ганджура по известным материалам и представить перевод одной из дхарани, привлекших наше внимание. Материалы и методы — сравнительно-текстологическое исследование состава Ганджура по изданию Локеша Чандра с обращением к другим изданиям этого свода и попыткой рассмотрения специфики состава разных изданий Ганджура и ее причины. Результаты и выводы: очевидно, исследуемый свод Ганджура составлялся из разных источников, и в его составлении участвовали разные переводчики. История составов разных изданий монгольского Ганджура весьма сложна и требует дальнейших исследований как самого свода, так и отдельных входящих в него текстов.
History of Asia, Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
María Lourdes Espinoza, Joel Kadir Lanza Rocha, Alejandra Rocío Torrez Tarqui
El servicio de Internet es esencial en toda empresa; sin operadores que provean los servicios de telecomunicaciones, sería complejo gestionar y operativizar procesos internos y externos, ya que diariamente se maneja mucha información para obtener productos y servicios. Es entonces cuando surge la necesidad de que las empresas de telecomunicaciones cuenten con un sistema integrado de gestión y manuales de procesos que permitan el mejoramiento continuo. El presente trabajo propone el diseño de un sistema integrado de gestión de calidad, medio ambiente, seguridad y salud ocupacional para empresas de telecomunicaciones.
Political institutions and public administration (General), Business
The development of the tourism sector in Sumenep City continues to be encouraged to improve the community's economy and increase Regional Original Revenue. But unfortunately the target of foreign tourist visits can not be achieved because of the availability of inadequate infrastructure. To meet these shortcomings, the Sumenep City Government established a partnership with PT. Persada Investama Karya Utama to establish a three-star hotel "de Baghraf". This study aims to describe the implementation of the Public Private Partnership (PPP) and describe in detail the benefits and the constraints faced in the construction of the three-star hotel "de Baghraf" in Sumenep conducted by the Government of Sumenep City with PT. Persada Investama Karya Utama. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods using PPP theory. The results of this study indicate that the collaboration carried out using the Build Own Operate (BOO) partnership scheme is following the stipulated conditions because it has fulfilled the 9 (nine) stages of the implementation of Public Private Partnership. The benefits obtained from this Cooperation are supporting the implementation of Visit Sumenep and supporting tourism development programs, profits from hotel operations, and employment. Several obstacles were encountered such as low investor interest and difficulty in finding skilled human resources.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
The article discusses various aspects of the theoretical foundations and genesis of the canon of ethics of the Polish public services. A well-functioning public administration is the foundation of the modern state. Working in the public services entails a great deal of responsibility as administration employees must meet certain special requirements. Society expects that the administration, serving its citizenry, act with the common good in mind, which requires that the officials possess a degree of ethical awareness. Officials responsible for decision-making must adhere to applicable laws, in addition to taking into consideration the public interest and the rights of citizens, which frequently leads to conflicts of interest, in particular on the interface of the administration, economy and politics. The purpose of this paper is to present the role of ethics in the functioning of public administration organs in a modern democratic state adhering to the rule of law. Ethical issues are closely related to the legal and institutional aspects of public administration – and should be analysed as such. The article discusses various theoretical and general aspects of the relations between law, morality and ethics, the role of ethics infrastructure in public administration and the institutional and legal instruments used to prevent pathological behaviours.
This timely book describes and explains the American people's alleged hatred of their own branch of government, the US Congress. Intensive focus group sessions held across the country and a specially designed national survey indicate that much of the negativity is generated by popular perceptions of the processes of governing visible in Congress. John Hibbing and Elizabeth Theiss-Morse argue that, although the public is deeply disturbed by debate, compromise, delicate pace, the presence of interest groups, and the professionalization of politics, many of these traits are actually endemic to modern democratic government. Congress is an enemy of the public partially because it is so public. Calls for reform, such as term limitations, reflect the public's desire to attack these disliked features. But the authors conclude, the public's unwitting desire to reform democracy out of a democratic legislature is a cure more dangerous than the disease.