Slow-oscillation neurofeedback (NF), encompassing slow cortical potential (SCP), infra-low-frequency (ILF), and infra-slow-fluctuation (ISF) protocols, has gained increasing interest as a non-pharmacological intervention in pediatric mental health and neurodevelopmental care. This narrative review synthesizes peer-reviewed literature on the clinical efficacy of slow-oscillation NF in children and adolescents across various conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), epilepsy, tic disorders, and eating-related concerns. SCP NF is the most extensively studied protocol and shows preliminary efficacy in reducing ADHD symptoms, particularly among individuals capable of learning self-regulation. For ASD and other conditions, early evidence from primarily small-scale or uncontrolled studies suggests possible benefits in emotional regulation, impulsivity, and behavioral symptoms, though findings remain mixed and often non-specific. Methodological heterogeneity, including variation in control conditions, training protocols, and outcome measures, limits the comparability of results. ILF and ISF protocols, while promising, are still emerging and require further validation. Overall, slow-oscillation NF appears to offer potential as a personalized therapeutic option for pediatric populations, but robust, well-controlled trials are needed to clarify its clinical utility and optimize its integration into multimodal care.
This paper develops an agentic framework that employs large language models (LLMs) for grounded persuasive language generation in automated copywriting, with real estate marketing as a focal application. Our method is designed to align the generated content with user preferences while highlighting useful factual attributes. This agent consists of three key modules: (1) Grounding Module, mimicking expert human behavior to predict marketable features; (2) Personalization Module, aligning content with user preferences; (3) Marketing Module, ensuring factual accuracy and the inclusion of localized features. We conduct systematic human-subject experiments in the domain of real estate marketing, with a focus group of potential house buyers. The results demonstrate that marketing descriptions generated by our approach are preferred over those written by human experts by a clear margin while maintaining the same level of factual accuracy. Our findings suggest a promising agentic approach to automate large-scale targeted copywriting while ensuring factuality of content generation.
The Tolman effect is well-known in relativistic cosmology but rarely discussed outside it. That is surprising because the effect -- that systems extended over a varying gravitational potential exhibit temperature gradients while in thermal equilibrium -- conflicts with ordinary classical thermodynamics. In this paper we try to better understand this effect from a foundational perspective. We make five claims. First, as Tolman knew, it was Einstein who first discovered the effect, and furthermore, Einstein's derivation helps us appreciate how robust it is. Second, the standard interpretation of the effect in terms of 'local temperature' leads to the breakdown of much of classical thermodynamics. Third, one can rescue thermodynamics by using Einstein's preferred interpretation in terms of the 'wahre Temperatur' -- what we'll call global temperature -- but it too has some costs. Fourth, the effect is perhaps best understood in terms of clocks as opposed to energy loss. Fifth, inspired by a proposal of Einstein's elsewhere, we sketch an interpretation of the effect in terms of a third novel temperature, which we call the 'wahre-local temperature'. On this view, temperature -- and thermodynamics -- is defined only in relation to local clocks. In sum, we view the fragmentation of temperature in thermodynamics as a natural and expected result of the fragmentation of time in general relativity.
Bell's inequality is derived from three assumptions: measurement independence, outcome independence, and parameter independence. Among these, measurement independence, often taken for granted, holds that hidden variables are statistically uncorrelated with measurement settings. Under this assumption, the violation of Bell's inequality implies that either outcome independence or parameter independence fails to hold, meaning that local hidden variables do not exist. In this paper, we refer to this interpretive stance as the nonfactorizable position. In contrast, superdeterminism represents the view that measurement independence does not hold. Despite its foundational role, this assumption has received relatively little philosophical scrutiny. This paper offers a philosophical reassessment of measurement independence through three major frameworks in the philosophy of science: de Regt's contextual theory of scientific understanding, Kuhn's criteria for theory choice, and Lakatos's methodology of scientific research programmes. Using these lenses, we evaluate the two major responses to the violation of Bell's inequality, the nonfactorizable position and superdeterminism, and argue that the nonfactorizable position currently fares better across all three criteria. Beyond this binary, we introduce a spectrum of intermediate positions that allow for partial violations of measurement independence, modeled via mutual information. These positions modify the ``positive heuristic'' of superdeterminism, a crucial component in Lakatos's definition of research programmes, offering avenues for progressive research. This analysis reframes the debate surrounding Bell's inequality and illustrates how methodological tools can effectively guide theory evaluation in physics.
This study explores how virtual environments and artificial intelligence can enhance university students' learning experiences, with particular attention to the digital preferences of Generation Z. An experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Pedagogy, Humanities, and Social Sciences at University of Gyor, where Walter's Cube technology and a trained AI mediator were integrated into the instruction of ten philosophical topics. The curriculum was aligned with the official syllabus and enriched with visual content, quotations, and explanatory texts related to iconic figures in philosophy. A total of 77 first-year undergraduate students from full-time humanities and social sciences programs participated in the study. Following their end-of-semester offline written examination, students voluntarily completed a paper-based, anonymous ten-question test and provided feedback on the method's effectiveness. No sensitive personal data were collected, and the research was conducted with formal approval from the Faculty Dean. Descriptive statistics and inferential tests were applied to evaluate the impact of the virtual environment and AI mediation on learning outcomes. Results indicate that 80 percent of participants achieved good or excellent final exam grades, and the majority rated the virtual material as highly effective. Qualitative feedback emphasized increased motivation and deeper engagement, attributed to the immersive 3D presentation and interactive AI support. This research contributes to the advancement of digital pedagogy and suggests new directions for applying virtual and AI-based methods in higher education, particularly in disciplines where abstract reasoning and conceptual understanding are central.
We study generalized anti-self-dual instantons defined over Riemannian manifolds equipped with a parallel codimension-$4$ differential form. In particular, for product Riemannian manifolds possessing such a form, we study dimension reduction phenomena, finding a topological criterion for bundles which, when satisfied, allows for a complete characterization of dimension reduction for the corresponding moduli space of generalized ASD instantons. By establishing an integrability result for families of connections, we then deduce explicit descriptions for these moduli spaces, including those of Hermitian Yang--Mills connections, $G_2$-, and $\Spin(7)$-instantons. When one factor in the product is a $4$-manifold, we establish well-behaved compactifications for these moduli spaces.
Rosa del Carmen Castillo Valenzuela, Salvador Ruiz Cerrillo, Serena Brigidi
Objective: to analyze the effectiveness of a promotion and human milk donation program in a virtual group of Mexican women. Material and methods: a non-statistical sampling of 5 Mexican women was used, as a main tool a questionnaire of 37 open-ended questions was applied through the in-depth interview technique. Results: with the 6-month campaign of sensibilization and promotion to the donation inside the virtual group, 12 Mexican women could become active donors, getting 21,595 ml of donated human milk. Conclusions: support and promotional human milk virtual groups in social networks show an effectiveness based on the consolidation of support networks and personal significance.
Resumo: Neste artigo, objetivamos, por um lado, analisar as reflexões teóricas de Haroldo de Campos sobre a tradução como transcriação a partir da prática transcriadora apresentada pelo poeta. Por outro, apresentaremos as peculiaridades do texto de Nietzsche enquanto estabelece uma ligação ente pensamento e vida, forma e conteúdo, escrita e sangue, visando a verificar em que medida os textos dele não remetem os leitores a uma criação paralela e autônoma, ainda que recíproca, indo ao encontro da perspectiva proposta por Haroldo de Campos no que concerne à tradução e no que tange à busca da criação de novas linguagens para expressar novos conteúdos.
Moh. Ashif Fuadi, Moh. Mahbub, Nor Huda Ali
et al.
This research explains the Islamic revelation in the context of the synergy between fiqh and tradition. Using qualitative methods, this research concludes that: first, the pribumization of Islam is the result of the thought of K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) by seeking harmonization between fiqh and tradition. Gus Dur referred to the compromising process of Islamization by the Walisongo in spreading Islam in Nusantara as a very effective instrument
or medium in the spreading of Islam. Secondly, in the Islamic Pribumization discourse, Gus Dur used the fiqh methodology of al-'ādah muhakkamah and al-'tsābit bi al-'urf ka al-tsābit bi al-nash, which were seen as capable of paying attention to the needs present in the local culture. For example, the greeting assalamu’alaikum is interpreted in the good morning greeting only in the relationship of mu’amalah, not up to the level of worship, in the custom of
marriage by carrying out the conditions of harmony, but still given space in expressing their respective cultures while not contrary to religion. Third, based on its historical flow, religious values within culture in the Pribumization of Islam substantially shifted towards the discourse of Islam Nusantara and are now transformed into one of the indicators of religious moderation, namely accommodating a local culture so that it has a relevant relationship therein.
Despite its centrality in the philosophy of cognitive science, there has been little prior philosophical work engaging with the notion of representation in contemporary NLP practice. This paper attempts to fill that lacuna: drawing on ideas from cognitive science, I introduce a framework for evaluating the representational claims made about components of neural NLP models, proposing three criteria with which to evaluate whether a component of a model represents a property and operationalising these criteria using probing classifiers, a popular analysis technique in NLP (and deep learning more broadly). The project of operationalising a philosophically-informed notion of representation should be of interest to both philosophers of science and NLP practitioners. It affords philosophers a novel testing-ground for claims about the nature of representation, and helps NLPers organise the large literature on probing experiments, suggesting novel avenues for empirical research.
We re-examine the old question to what extent mathematics may be compared with a game. Mainly inspired by Hilbert and Wittgenstein, our answer is that mathematics is something like a rhododendron of language games, where the rules are inferential. The pure side of mathematics is essentially formalist, where we propose that truth is not carried by theorems corresponding to whatever independent reality and arrived at through proof, but is defined by correctness of rule-following (and as such is objective given these rules). Goedel's theorems, which are often seen as a threat to formalist philosophies of mathematics, actually strengthen our concept of truth. The applied side of mathematics arises from two practices: first, the dual nature of axiomatization as taking from heuristic practices like physics and informal mathematics whilst giving proofs and logical analysis; and second, the ability of using the inferential role of theorems to make surrogative inferences about natural phenomena. Our framework is pluralist, combining various (non-referential) philosophies of mathematics.
Szukając odpowiedzi na pytanie czy Jezus jest Bogiem, P.Lisicki w pierwszej kolejności analizuje krytyczne koncepcje, zwracając uwagę na błędne przypuszczenia i niewłaściwe wnioski. Następnie prezentuje stanowisko współczesnych biblistów, którzy zrekonstruowali proces narodzin kultu Jezusa. W końcu, prezentuje swą własną argumentację, ukazując pierwotną koncepcje deifikacji Mistrza z Nazaretu. Argumentacja prezentowana przez P. Lisickiego jest dojrzałą apologią Jezusa jako Boga.
Data-driven predictive algorithms are widely used to automate and guide high-stake decision making such as bail and parole recommendation, medical resource distribution, and mortgage allocation. Nevertheless, harmful outcomes biased against vulnerable groups have been reported. The growing research field known as 'algorithmic fairness' aims to mitigate these harmful biases. Its primary methodology consists in proposing mathematical metrics to address the social harms resulting from an algorithm's biased outputs. The metrics are typically motivated by -- or substantively rooted in -- ideals of distributive justice, as formulated by political and legal philosophers. The perspectives of feminist political philosophers on social justice, by contrast, have been largely neglected. Some feminist philosophers have criticized the paradigm of distributive justice and have proposed corrective amendments to surmount its limitations. The present paper brings some key insights of feminist political philosophy to algorithmic fairness. The paper has three goals. First, I show that algorithmic fairness does not accommodate structural injustices in its current scope. Second, I defend the relevance of structural injustices -- as pioneered in the contemporary philosophical literature by Iris Marion Young -- to algorithmic fairness. Third, I take some steps in developing the paradigm of 'responsible algorithmic fairness' to correct for errors in the current scope and implementation of algorithmic fairness.
Tyler Cody, Niloofar Shadab, Alejandro Salado
et al.
Engineering methods are centered around traditional notions of decomposition and recomposition that rely on partitioning the inputs and outputs of components to allow for component-level properties to hold after their composition. In artificial intelligence (AI), however, systems are often expected to influence their environments, and, by way of their environments, to influence themselves. Thus, it is unclear if an AI system's inputs will be independent of its outputs, and, therefore, if AI systems can be treated as traditional components. This paper posits that engineering general intelligence requires new general systems precepts, termed the core and periphery, and explores their theoretical uses. The new precepts are elaborated using abstract systems theory and the Law of Requisite Variety. By using the presented material, engineers can better understand the general character of regulating the outcomes of AI to achieve stakeholder needs and how the general systems nature of embodiment challenges traditional engineering practice.
El movimiento de ‘retorno a Kant’ del siglo XIX se constituye en sus orígenes a través del rechazo a la filosofía especulativa de Hegel. Por diversos motivos que no han sido debidamente clarificados aún, este movimiento filosófico culmina su derrotero a principios del siglo XX afirmando la necesidad de una renovación del hegelianismo. El objetivo del presente estudio es explicar los motivos y las consecuencias de la transformación progresiva del neokantismo de Baden en una variante de neohegelianismo.
Palabras clave: Neokantismo, escuela de Baden, Hegel, Windelband, Kroner, filosofía de la historia.