Hasil untuk "Otorhinolaryngology"

Qinling Zhang, Kaiyu Song, Chaolin Li et al.

Abstract Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) exhibit significant differences in clinical behavior and immune microenvironments, particularly concerning the mechanisms underlying CD8+ T cell dysfunction. However, these specific mechanisms have yet to be thorThe original blots and abbreviations are presented in Supplemeoughly investigated. The present study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data to conduct a comprehensive analysis of CD8+ T cells in the thyroid tissues of patients diagnosed with ATC and PTC. The results of the study indicate that CD8+ T cells in ATC display disruptions in energy supply and marked signs of exhaustion. Conversely, CD8+ T cells in PTC are more prone to maintaining a stable expression of immunosuppression-related membrane proteins through posttranslational modifications. This study highlights the distinct mechanisms of CD8+ T cell exhaustion in two types of thyroid cancer, offering valuable insights into the regulation of their immune microenvironments.

Zephania Saitabau Abraham, Onesmo Cyprian Fussi, Aveline Aloyce Kahinga

Introduction: It's approximated that 60% of the population globally experience epistaxis during lifetime. Despite epistaxis being prevalent in Tanzania, there are limited studies that have explored experience of participants on epistaxis. This study aims to determine knowledge on the causes, first aid management and practices of epistaxis among patients attending a health facility in Eastern Tanzania Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted where 371 participants aged 15 years and above were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 23. Chi-square tests were performed and a p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant Results: About two-thirds (60.9%) of the study participants had good knowledge of the causes of epistaxis. Majority of participants knew excessive nose manipulation (95.1%) to be the commonest cause of epistaxis and the least cause mentioned was chronic liver disease (24.8%). On the other hand, 77.6% of the participants had good knowledge while 22.4% had poor knowledge regarding first aid management of epistaxis. In this study, 328(88.4%) participants knew pressing the nose could stop epistaxis, while 164(44.2%) knew the best position to stop epistaxis and that is to tilt the head forward and those who had history of epistaxis, 150 (73.2%) out of 205 pinched the nose as the first aid. Similarly, 133(35.8%) participants thought cessation of smoking has effect on decreasing the occurrence of epistaxis. A significant association was noted between knowledge of first aid management of epistaxis and some socio-demographic characteristics such as age and educational level. There was also a significant association between knowledge of the causes of epistaxis and educational level. Conclusion: Majority of the participants had good knowledge of the causes and first aid management of epistaxis.

Mariana Reste, Kristi Ajazi, Ayca Sayi-Yazgan et al.

Tertiary Lymphoid Structures (TLS) are organized aggregates of immune cells such as T cells, B cells, and Dendritic Cells (DCs), as well as fibroblasts, formed postnatally in response to signals from cytokines and chemokines. Central to the function of TLS are DCs, professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that coordinate the adaptive immune response, and which can be classified into different subsets, with specific functions, and markers. In this article, we review current data on the contribution of different DC subsets to TLS function in cancer and autoimmunity, two opposite sides of the immune response. Different DC subsets can be found in different tumor types, correlating with cancer prognosis. Moreover, DCs are also present in TLS found in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, contributing to disease development. Broadly, the presence of DCs in TLS appears to be associated with favorable clinical outcomes in cancer while in autoimmune pathologies these cells are associated with unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, it is important to analyze the complex functions of DCs within TLS in order to enhance our fundamental understanding of immune regulation but also as a possible route to create innovative clinical interventions designed for the specific needs of patients with diverse pathological diseases.

Behrouz Barati, Mahboobe Asadi, Ali Goljanian Tabrizi et al.

Background: Exposure to excessive sound leads to hearing loss. Temporary threshold shifts are defined as threshold shifts that return to baseline levels in the hours to weeks after excessive sound exposure. Aim: This study aimed to examine the zinc sulfate protective effect following noise exposure. Methods: Fifty-two participants with normal audiograms at baseline were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. First, a distortion product otoacoustic emission test (DPOAEs) was carried out as the baseline assessment, then the intervention group received zinc sulfate supplement capsules for one month and placebo capsules were given to controls. To induce a transient hearing shift, an ABR test was performed. The ABR test was done with 90 dB of sound stimuli for each ear. This input stimulus was a noise exposure that induces a temporary reduction in hearing, in fact, a transient hearing shift has occurred. Then, both groups had a DPOAE test and a follow-up assessment. Signal/noise ratio and DP (distortion product) levels were measured to evaluate the effect of zinc supplement use on transient hearing shift. Results: Comparing the results of the distortion product otoacoustic emission test before and after the auditory brainstem response testing showed significant differences between intervention and control groups (p <0.05). Moreover, the differences in signal/noise ratio between the intervention group before and after ABR testing and also in the control group were significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: Daily zinc sulfate supplement might protect against the transient hearing shift.

Orlando Guntinas-Lichius, Vanessa Trentzsch, Nadiya Mueller et al.

Abstract High-resolution facial surface electromyography (HR-sEMG) is suited to discriminate between different facial movements. Whether HR-sEMG also allows a discrimination among the six basic emotions of facial expression is unclear. 36 healthy participants (53% female, 18–67 years) were included for four sessions. Electromyograms were recorded from both sides of the face using a muscle-position oriented electrode application (Fridlund scheme) and by a landmark-oriented, muscle unrelated symmetrical electrode arrangement (Kuramoto scheme) simultaneously on the face. In each session, participants expressed the six basic emotions in response to standardized facial images expressing the corresponding emotions. This was repeated once on the same day. Both sessions were repeated two weeks later to assess repetition effects. HR-sEMG characteristics showed systematic regional distribution patterns of emotional muscle activation for both schemes with very low interindividual variability. Statistical discrimination between the different HR-sEMG patterns was good for both schemes for most but not all basic emotions (ranging from p > 0.05 to mostly p < 0.001) when using HR-sEMG of the entire face. When using information only from the lower face, the Kuramoto scheme allowed a more reliable discrimination of all six emotions (all p < 0.001). A landmark-oriented HR-sEMG recording allows specific discrimination of facial muscle activity patterns during basic emotional expressions.

C. Bachert, Anju T Peters, E. Heffler et al.

1Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 2Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 3The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China 4AllergyImmunology Division and the Sinus and Allergy Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA 5Personalized Medicine, Asthma & Allergy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy 6Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy 7Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA 8Department of Otorhinolaryngology, CharitéUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany 9Section of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, PhilippsUniversität Marburg, Marburg, Germany 10Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 11Sanofi, Reading, UK 12Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA 13Sanofi, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA

Georg Karl Ludwig Burghardt, M. Cuevas, R. Sekine et al.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) are of high importance in otorhinolaryngology. Some of their symptoms are related to changes in the nasal trigeminal sensitivity. The aim of this study was to compare nasal trigeminal sensitivity in patients with AR, CRSwNP, and healthy controls (HC).

BongJik Kim, H. Jeon, Sang-yeon Lee et al.

Copyright © 2022 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 15, No. 1: 115-118, February 2022 https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2021.01935

M. J. Park, Hannara Park, K. Ahn et al.

With the increase in dental implants for tooth loss, odontogenic sinusitis following maxillary dental implants is frequently encountered in otorhinolaryngology practice. The authors aimed to reveal the association between implant extrusion into maxillary sinus, along with implant‐related complications in patients diagnosed with implant‐related odontogenic sinusitis (IR‐ODS).

S. Bae, Y. Jung, Jinsei Jung et al.

Copyright © 2022 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 15, No. 2: 194-196, May 2022 https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2021.02208

Bünyamin Cildir, Suna Tokgoz-Yilmaz, Meral Didem Türkyilmaz

Purpose: In this study, the development of a quantitative measurement method to predict long-term auditory adaptation through the stimuli that have been modulated according to different short-term modulation types was aimed to form a psychoacoustic test battery. It might be used in the evaluation process of individuals with hidden hearing loss. Methods: The individuals participating in our study were separated into two groups: high-risk group (n = 39) and low-risk group (n = 30) according to the noise-exposure score. To all participants, auditory brainstem response (ABR), dichotically digit test, Turkish matrix sentence test, otoacoustic emissions test, amplitude modulation detection test, and loudness adaptation test were applied. Stimuli, used in loudness adaptation tests, were provided in three different experiment pairs (experiment 1–2, experiment 3–4, and experiment 5–6). Results: The amplitude of wave I of ABR increased as the intensity level increased in the low-risk group, whereas the amplitude reduced as the intensity level increased in the high-risk group (P < 0.05). When different carrier frequency stimuli were used in amplitude modulation detection test, we found that loudness adaptation was highest at 1 kHz carrier frequency with background noise (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We observed that individuals assumed having hidden hearing loss had high adaptation scores. It was thought that this result might be related to auditory nerve fibers with low spontaneous rate and thus distortion in temporal coding skills might lead to abnormal loudness adaptation, especially with contralateral noise.

Cátia Azevedo, Sérgio Vilarinho, Ana Sousa Menezes et al.

Abstract Objective Nonspecific complaints of hearing loss, vertigo, imbalance, and instability, without a defined etiology, are very prevalent in the elderly population, with a great impact on morbidity and mortality in this age group. The objectives of this study were to verify whether there is age‐related vestibular dysfunction and to test the association of vestibular dysfunction with presbycusis in the elderly population. Methods Original retrospective analytical cross‐sectional study, carried out with 80 patients who underwent a videonystagmography and complete audiometric evaluation due to nonspecific vestibular complaints, without a specific vestibular disorder diagnosis. Patients were selected and divided into two distinct age groups (group A: >60 years; group B: 18–50 years) and, in both groups, we analyzed the caloric tests and the pure‐tone audiometry. Results In the vestibular evaluation, we found that there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between groups in the prevalence of bilateral vestibular weakness (group A: 22.5%; group B: 5%), and that the increase in age, above 60 years, is negatively correlated with the mean total caloric response. Additionally, we obtained a reasonable negative and statistically significant correlation (r = −0.320, P < 0.05) between the mean bone conduction thresholds at high frequencies and total caloric responses in group A. Conclusions In patients with hearing loss, it is essential to perform a complete vestibular study to diagnose vestibular disorders and, consequently, prevent adverse outcomes that may result from these alterations.

Kosuke Takabayashi, Shuho Gotoh, Maeho Yamasaki et al.

Abstract This report describes a case of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak through a narrow canal‐like fistula in the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus, which was managed through rigid reconstruction. Rigid reconstruction of the skull base was performed by fitting a pile‐shaped bone into the fistula like the pile‐driving technique.

S. L. Le Bon, L. Payen, L. Prunier et al.

1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, epiCURA, Mons, Belgium 3 Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy 4 Biomedical Science PhD School, Biomedical Science Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy 5 Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

N. Surgery

Working group of Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood OSA; Subspecialty Group of Pediatrics, Society of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese Medical Association; Subspecialty Group of Respiratory Diseases, Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association; Society of Pediatric Surgery, Chinese Medical Association; Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery

Shamim Ghazi

“Pediatric Swallowing and Feeding Assessment and Management” by J Arvedson, L Brodsky, and M Lefton-Greif (San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing: 2020) is about new interventions for feeding problems and swallowing disorders.  Its contents inform speech and language specialists on the nature of swallowing, the etiology of relevant diseases, methods to evaluate disorders, and evidence-based therapies in the interventions for feeding problems in infants and children. In addition, the book could be useful for the pediatrician, gastroenterologist, otorhinolaryngology, occupational therapist, psychiatrist, nurses, lactation consultants, and families of children with feeding/swallowing problems. Intervention approaches are illustrated with case reports. In the third edition of this book, which was published in 2020, novel approaches and evaluation methods are discussed. In Chapters three to eight, the most important screening methods and instrumental evaluation (for example FEES, VFSS and ultrasound), as well as clinical evaluation of swallowing are presented. The advantages, disadvantages, implementation of each method is discussed in the ninth to thirteenth chapters, mainly focusing on interventions.

P. Hellings, Anju T Peters, A. Chaker et al.

1 Clinical Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 2 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA 3 Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Otolaryngology and ZAUM, Technical University Munich (TUM) School of MedicineTUM, Munich, Germany 4 Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, Milan, Italy 5 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy 6 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA 7 Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 8 Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin, France 9 Sanofi, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA

I. Konstantinidis, E. Tsakiropoulou, A. Hähner et al.

1 2nd Academic Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ORL), Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany 3 Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany 4 Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Patras, Rio-Patras, Greece

Junhui Jeong

Abstract Squamous papilloma is a benign neoplasm and most commonly occurs in the oral cavity or larynx but rarely in the external auditory canal. Human papilloma virus is thought to be the cause. The effective treatment is surgical excision.