Hasil untuk "Miscellaneous systems and treatments"

Aarti Jagannathan, Pooja More, Vinod Kumar et al.

Context: The SDGs highlight the connections between the environmental and socioeconomic aspects of sustainable development. Yoga not only results in one’s physical and mental resilience but also develops positive feelings toward one’s environment to help protect it from destruction. Aims: The study aimed to understand the role of Yoga for achieving the United Nations SDGs and to draft a policy statement for its implementation to achieve the SDGs. Methodology: The study was conducted in three phases. Phase 1 included a review of available literature. Phase 2 included contacting experts from Yoga, community health, social work, and medicine from all over India and across the globe for discussion. Phase 3 included drafting the recommendations to be submitted to the CCRYN based on the results from the first two phases. Results: A total of 320 research articles (217 included) were screened. A total of 103 were excluded for reasons (being not relevant, inability to get full text of articles, and outcome of the study not matching). Phase 2 was conducted in three sessions with different groups of experts for their input. In phase 3, recommendations were finalized, and the policy statement was drafted. Conclusions: Yoga can help in achieving the targets of the UN SDGs. The recommendations, if implemented, can solve the issues endangering nature and the ecosystem. Thus, Yoga builds a harmony between humans and nature.

Poongothai Subramani, Anjana Ranjit Mohan, Latha Satish et al.

Aim: To assess the impact of a yoga intervention on the physical and mental health of adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study was conducted at Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, for 6 months. Participants aged 18–65 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ranging from ≥7.0% to ≤10.5% were recruited. One hundred and fifty-two participants were randomized in 1:1 ratio to either the intervention or control arm by simple random method. The intervention included structured yoga practice for 35 min, every 2 weeks for a period of 12 weeks, and followed up for 3 months. Participants in the control arm received the standard care for diabetes. Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, and blood samples were collected at baseline and final visit. Standard questionnaires were administered for assessing mental health parameters. Results: 53 of 76 (70%) participants from the intervention arm and 70 of 76 (92%) participants from the control arm completed the study. The mean age of the participants was 53 ± 7.5 years. The mean duration of diabetes of the participants was 10 ± 6.9 years. HbA1c showed reduction postintervention, but this was not statistically significant compared to control. The intervention group showed statistically significant improvements in depression, stress, cognitive function, and mindfulness compared to the control arm. Conclusion: Yoga is helpful in reducing depression and stress and enhancing mindfulness and cognitive function in patients with T2DM.

Ankit Gupta, Varsha Singh, Sushil Chandra et al.

Background: Ayurveda is an ancient Indian medical system that emphasizes individualized care based on the concept of Prakriti, which represents an individual's relative proportion of three doshas (humour) at the time of conception. Prakriti is believed to remain unchanged throughout one's life span, and based on the relative preponderance of doshas, it has been classified into ten types. Researchers and practitioners have developed various assessment tools, such as questionnaires, algorithmic and machine learning-based methods, and devices to bring objectivity and replicability to the Prakriti evaluation procedure. However, a systematic evaluation of their effectiveness and psychometric properties is currently lacking in the literature. Objective: To review the existing tools for Prakriti assessment and assess their psychometric properties. Methods: This scoping review aims to identify modern Prakriti assessment tools available in scientific literature and describe their psychometric properties to contribute to the development of more effective and standardized methods for Prakriti evaluation. Employing Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage methodological framework, the review critically assesses Prakriti evaluation tools, such as questionnaires, machine learning algorithms, and devices, to provide insights into the robustness and accuracy of these assessment methods. Results: Thirty-two studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Sixteen studies utilized questionnaires for Prakriti assessment, of which three were validated, six had established reliability, and three had both reliability and validity confirmed. Five studies employed algorithm-based methods, with three of these using validated machine learning models. Eleven studies utilized devices to assess Prakriti types, with only one device validated and providing access to data for reproducibility. Questionnaires were the most commonly used tools for Prakriti evaluation, followed by algorithm-based methods and devices. Conclusion: Questionnaires are the most validated tools presently for Prakriti assessment despite their limited psychometric robustness. Machine learning based models show potential but suffers challenges in accuracy, replicability and finding the ground truth in a robust manner, and devices are the most objective assessment tools though none of them have been appropriately validated. Despite these limitations, Prakriti diagnosis is a promising field that requires robust procedures to establish standardized, replicable and reliable measures for its evaluation.

Mennat-Elrahman A. Fahmy, Amany A. Abdel-Aal, Soad I. Hassan et al.

Objective: To examine the effect of coadministration of different medicinal plant extracts (curcumin and extracts of Nigella sativa L. [N. sativa, Jia Hei Zhong Cao], Zingiber officinale Rosc. [Z. officinale, Sheng Jiang], and Punica granatum L. [P. granatum, Shi Liu]) with spiramycin (SP) against the cystogenic ME-49 Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) strain in immunocompromised mice. Methods: We utilized 68 mice categorized into 8 groups: 2 non-infected controls (immunocompetent and immunocompromised), 1 infected control, and 5 infected and treated groups. Following the experiment, the cerebral tissues of each mouse underwent parasitological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical evaluations. Results: Compared with the infected non-treated group, all infected treated groups showed significant reductions in brain cyst numbers (all P < .05), with the highest reduction rate (77.4%) recorded for P. granatum and SP combination (G8). Only G8 showed a significant reduction in mouse deaths compared with the other groups. With regards to restoring histopathological changes and decreasing inflammation, the groups infected and treated with curcumin and P. granatum combined with SP showed the best results (P < .05). Combinations of curcumin and extracts of Z. officinale and P. granatum with SP significantly restored the cerebral expression of caspase-3 compared with the N. sativa extract combination (P < .05). G8 showed non-significant expression compared with the local expression in the negative control groups. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the coadministration of P. granatum extract with SP was the most effective combination against chronic cerebral toxoplasmosis.

Francesca Stabile, Walter Lucia, Amr Youssef et al.

The proliferation of cloud computing technologies has paved the way for deploying networked encrypted control systems, offering high performance, remote accessibility and privacy. However, in scenarios where the control algorithms run on third-party cloud service providers, the control logic might be changed by a malicious agent on the cloud. Consequently, it is imperative to verify the correctness of the control signals received from the cloud. Traditional verification methods, like zero-knowledge proof techniques, are computationally demanding in both proof generation and verification, may require several rounds of interactions between the prover and verifier and, consequently, are inapplicable in realtime control system applications. In this paper, we present a novel computationally inexpensive verifiable computing solution inspired by the probabilistic cut-and-choose approach. The proposed scheme allows the plant's actuator to validate the computations accomplished by the encrypted cloud-based networked controller without compromising the control scheme's performance. We showcase the effectiveness and real-time applicability of the proposed verifiable computation scheme using a remotely controlled Khepera IV differential-drive robot.

Hamidreza Montazeri Hedesh, Milad Siami

This paper introduces a novel method for the stability analysis of positive feedback systems with a class of fully connected feedforward neural networks (FFNN) controllers. By establishing sector bounds for fully connected FFNNs without biases, we present a stability theorem that demonstrates the global exponential stability of linear systems under fully connected FFNN control. Utilizing principles from positive Lur'e systems and the positive Aizerman conjecture, our approach effectively addresses the challenge of ensuring stability in highly nonlinear systems. The crux of our method lies in maintaining sector bounds that preserve the positivity and Hurwitz property of the overall Lur'e system. We showcase the practical applicability of our methodology through its implementation in a linear system managed by a FFNN trained on output feedback controller data, highlighting its potential for enhancing stability in dynamic systems.

Revista Saberes Plurais

Mahapatra Arun Kumar, Karthik K P

João Gauer Júnior, Mariangela Kraemer Lenz Ziede

Para responder às necessidades relacionadas à educação na saúde dos profissionais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), faz-se necessária a produção de metodologias que atendam ao desafio de formar os profissionais segundo o seu contexto de trabalho. A educação na modalidade a distância (EaD) pode representar um caminho estratégico ao conciliar estudo e trabalho. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o curso EaD – ‘Processo de trabalho em saúde bucal: conhecendo as atribuições da Atenção Primária à Saúde e os protocolos de encaminhamento à rede especializada’ –, como um espaço de aprendizagem e acesso à educação permanente para profissionais de saúde bucal do SUS. A intenção foi identificar vantagens e desafios desta modalidade de educação, trazendo a percepção de seus participantes. A pesquisa caracteriza-se pela abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso. Os participantes do curso foram 32 profissionais que compõem as equipes  de saúde bucal do SUS, entre cirurgiões-dentistas, técnicos em saúde bucal (TSB) e auxiliares em saúde bucal (ASB). A coleta dos dados foi realizada ao longo do desenvolvimento do curso por meio de fóruns e da interação do pesquisador/professor com os profissionais cursistas. Além disso, foi utilizado um questionário de avaliação do curso composto por perguntas abertas e fechadas respondidas pelos participantes concluintes do mesmo. Os cursistas mostraram a formação EaD como vantajosa em relação à flexibilidade e facilidade de acesso conforme a disponibilidade comparada com à educação presencial. O curso constitui-se em um espaço de aprendizagem e de troca de saberes entre os educandos quando tem a participação ativa do professor. O estudo mostrou a EaD como uma possibilidade de educação permanente para profissionais de saúde bucal do SUS.

Cristine Maria Warmling, Danilo Blank

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino na Saúde teve conceito elevado de 3 para 4, na Avaliação Quadrienal 2017-2020 da CAPES, com desempenho bom ou muito bom nos três quesitos avaliativos (proposta do programa, formação e impacto social), demonstrando amadurecimento, desfechos positivos de formação e atuação em projetos de pesquisa articulados com a rede de saúde. A revista Saberes Plurais: Educação na Saúde tem sintonia com tal crescimento e o promove, ao refletir a missão do programa de formar profissionais de saúde para atuar de modo estratégico nos contextos das redes de atenção e educação do Sistema Único de Saúde. Dentre os pontos de destaque do PPGENSAU/UFRGS obtidos no processo da avaliação quadrienal: proposta consistente, pesquisa aderente à área de concentração e linhas de pesquisa; currículo fundamentado, sustentabilidade do programa, busca de parcerias com gestores na área da saúde, quadro docente qualificado e estável, ações de integração ensino-serviço-comunidade, planejamento estratégico, condução participativa, ciclos avaliativos com a comunidade acadêmica, autoavaliação e trabalhos de conclusão de curso sempre acompanhados de produto técnico com foco na realidade regional. Egressos têm boa inserção no mercado de trabalho, muitos atuando em seus municípios de origem em atividades ligadas à educação na saúde. Quanto ao impacto social do programa, a avaliação destacou o caráter inovador da produção intelectual, diversidade e originalidade nos processos de elaboração, com produtos que envolvem a comunidade e alunos de graduação, são elaborados em parceria com outras instituições, recebem apoio financeiro de chamada pública e assessoria de universidade do exterior. O PPGENSAU/UFRGS começa a internacionalização, mas seu destaque é a penetração nos serviços regionais, pelos vínculos com egressos e pela capilaridade dos cargos que os estudantes ocupam.

Chaozhong Xue, Yongqi Dong, Jiaqi Liu et al.

With social progress and the development of modern medical technology, the amount of medical waste generated is increasing dramatically. The problem of medical waste recycling and treatment has gradually drawn concerns from the whole society. The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic further brought new challenges. To tackle the challenges, this study proposes a reverse logistics system architecture with three modules, i.e., medical waste classification & monitoring module, temporary storage & disposal site (disposal site for short) selection module, as well as route optimization module. This overall solution design won the Grand Prize of the "YUNFENG CUP" China National Contest on Green Supply and Reverse Logistics Design ranking 1st. This paper focuses on the description of architectural design and the module on site selection. Specifically, regarding system architecture, a framework diagram is provided, together with brief descriptions of the three proposed modules and a case study under the COVID-19 epidemic with the customized model. Regarding the disposal site selection module, a multi-objective optimization model is developed, and considering different types of waste collection sites (i.e., prioritized large collection sites and common collection sites), a hierarchical solution method is developed employing linear programming and K-means clustering algorithms sequentially. The proposed site selection method is verified with a case study using real-world data, and compared with the baseline, it can immensely reduce the daily operational costs and working time. Limited by length, detailed descriptions of the whole system as well as the remaining medical waste classification & monitoring module and route optimization module can be found at https://shorturl.at/cdY59.

Nan Zhang, Rami Bahsoon, Nikos Tziritas et al.

Engineering regulatory compliance in complex Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), such as smart warehouse logistics, is challenging due to the open and dynamic nature of these systems, scales, and unpredictable modes of human-robot interactions that can be best learnt at runtime. Traditional offline approaches for engineering compliance often involve modelling at a higher, more abstract level (e.g. using languages like SysML). These abstract models only support analysis in offline-designed and simplified scenarios. However, open and complex systems may be unpredictable, and their behaviours are difficult to be fully captured by abstract models. These systems may also involve other business goals, possibly conflicting with regulatory compliance. To overcome these challenges, fine-grained simulation models are promising to complement abstract models and support accurate runtime predictions and performance evaluation with trade-off analysis. The novel contribution of this work is a Digital Twin-oriented architecture for adaptive compliance leveraging abstract goal modelling, fine-grained agent-based modelling and runtime simulation for managing compliance trade-offs. A case study from smart warehouse logistics is used to demonstrate the approach considering safety and productivity trade-offs.

Lukas Brunke, Siqi Zhou, Mingxuan Che et al.

Providing safety guarantees for learning-based controllers is important for real-world applications. One approach to realizing safety for arbitrary control policies is safety filtering. If necessary, the filter modifies control inputs to ensure that the trajectories of a closed-loop system stay within a given state constraint set for all future time, referred to as the set being positive invariant or the system being safe. Under the assumption of fully known dynamics, safety can be certified using control barrier functions (CBFs). However, the dynamics model is often either unknown or only partially known in practice. Learning-based methods have been proposed to approximate the CBF condition for unknown or uncertain systems from data; however, these techniques do not account for input constraints and, as a result, may not yield a valid CBF condition to render the safe set invariant. In this work, we study conditions that guarantee control invariance of the system under input constraints and propose an optimization problem to reduce the conservativeness of CBF-based safety filters. Building on these theoretical insights, we further develop a probabilistic learning approach that allows us to build a safety filter that guarantees safety for uncertain, input-constrained systems with high probability. We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach in simulation and real-world experiments on a quadrotor and show that we can achieve safe closed-loop behavior for a learned system while satisfying state and input constraints.

Wenlu Du, Ankan Dash, Jing Li et al.

Traffic management systems play a vital role in ensuring safe and efficient transportation on roads. However, the use of advanced technologies in traffic management systems has introduced new safety challenges. Therefore, it is important to ensure the safety of these systems to prevent accidents and minimize their impact on road users. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature on safety in traffic management systems. Specifically, we discuss the different safety issues that arise in traffic management systems, the current state of research on safety in these systems, and the techniques and methods proposed to ensure the safety of these systems. We also identify the limitations of the existing research and suggest future research directions.

Xavéle Braatz Petermann, Guilherme Emanuel Weiss Pinheiro, Elisângela Carlosso Machado Mortari et al.

O envelhecimento populacional ocorre de modo acelerado no Brasil, caracterizado por uma transição epidemiológica, com destaque para as doenças crônicas. A pandemia de COVID-19 deixou esse contexto ainda mais complexo. Diante desses fatores, a saúde da pessoa idosa deve ser prioridade. Assim, o estudo em tela tem por objetivo relatar a experiência do processo de elaboração de um material educativo intitulado “Promoção da Saúde de Pessoa Idosa: Guia de orientação para o profissional da Atenção Básica”. Este estudo relata o processo de elaboração de um material educativo realizado como resultado de uma pesquisa de mestrado profissional, que seguiu as seguintes etapas: i) definição dos objetivos da pesquisa; ii) coleta das experiências profissionais; e, iii) elaboração do material educativo. A pesquisa foi qualitativa, por meio de um estudo de caso em um município de pequeno porte populacional no interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram entrevistados sete profissionais da atenção básica de diferentes categorias profissionais. A partir da análise temática – acesso, determinantes da saúde, rede de apoio familiar, construção de saberes e cuidado integral - que denotaram a percepção dos profissionais da atenção básica sobre a promoção da saúde do idoso foi confeccionado o material educativo. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética com CAAE nº. 25985719.9.0000.5346. A construção do material educativo, por meio de um estudo de caso com profissionais da atenção básica, foi uma experiência pioneira, inovadora e relevante para a formação profissional de forma colaborativa e interprofissional. Palavras-chave: Educação Continuada. Promoção da Saúde. Saúde do Idoso.

Armin Nurkanović, Moritz Diehl

This article regards numerical optimal control of a class of hybrid systems with hysteresis using solely techniques from nonlinear optimization, without any integer variables. Hysteresis is a rate independent memory effect which often results in severe nonsmoothness in the dynamics. These systems are not simply Piecewise Smooth Systems (PSS); they are a more complicated form of hybrid systems. We introduce a time-freezing reformulation which transforms these systems into a PSS. From the theoretical side, this reformulation opens the door to study systems with hysteresis via the rich tools developed for Filippov systems. From the practical side, it enables the use of the recently developed Finite Elements with Switch Detection [Nurkanovic et al., 2022], which makes high accuracy numerical optimal control of hybrid systems with hysteresis possible. We provide a time optimal control problem example and compare our approach to mixed-integer formulations from the literature.

Qiang Li, Chongyu Zhang

Following the development of digitization, a growing number of large Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are adapting computer vision or natural language processing in a wide range of applications such as anomaly detection and quality inspection in plants. Deployment of such a system is becoming an extremely important topic. Our work starts with the least-automated deployment technologies of machine learning systems includes several iterations of updates, and ends with a comparison of automated deployment techniques. The objective is, on the one hand, to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies in theory and practice, so as to facilitate later adopters to avoid making the generalized mistakes when implementing actual use cases, and thereby choose a better strategy for their own enterprises. On the other hand, to raise awareness of the evaluation framework for the deployment of machine learning systems, to have more comprehensive and useful evaluation metrics (e.g. table 2), rather than only focusing on a single factor (e.g. company cost). This is especially important for decision-makers in the industry.

Max van Haren, Lennart Blanken, Tom Oomen

Feedforward for motion systems is getting increasingly more important to achieve performance requirements. This leads to a situation where position-dependent effects cannot be neglected anymore.

Mohammad Pirani, Aritra Mitra, Shreyas Sundaram

As the scale of networked control systems increases and interactions between different subsystems become more sophisticated, questions of the resilience of such networks increase in importance. The need to redefine classical system and control-theoretic notions using the language of graphs has recently started to gain attention as a fertile and important area of research. This paper presents an overview of graph-theoretic methods for analyzing the resilience of networked control systems. We discuss various distributed algorithms operating on networked systems and investigate their resilience against adversarial actions by looking at the structural properties of their underlying networks. We present graph-theoretic methods to quantify the attack impact, and reinterpret some system-theoretic notions of robustness from a graph-theoretic standpoint to mitigate the impact of the attacks. Moreover, we discuss miscellaneous problems in the security of networked control systems which use graph-theory as a tool in their analyses. We conclude by introducing some avenues for further research in this field.

Fatih Özden, Nazan Tuğay, Özgür Nadiye Karaman et al.

Abstract Background The pain, fear of movement, and disability are interrelated parameters that may adversely affect the individual in terms of medical and social aspects. This relationship has not been well studied in shoulder pathologies. We carried out a single-center cross-sectional study in the Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between pain, function range of motion (ROM), and fear of movement in patients with shoulder pain. Results The mean age of the participants was 53.7 ± 11.2 years. Symptom duration was 11.65 ± 23.39 months. Most of the subjects (66.7%) had impingement syndrome. There was a weak to moderate negative correlation between both visual analog scale (VAS) and Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) with flexion, abduction, external rotation ROM values (r 1 = − 0.293, r 2 = − 0.348, r 3 = − 0.330, p < 0.001). In addition, there was a weak negative correlation between Tampa Kinesiophobia Score (TKS) and ROM values of abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation (r 1 = − 0.273, r 2 = − 0.207, r 3 = − 0.250, p < 0.05). Pain was weakly and positively correlated with OSS (r = 0.209, p < 0.05). Conclusions According to our results, shoulder pain was associated with functionality, but fear of movement was not associated with shoulder pain or functionality. ROM was associated with both pain, functionality, and fear of movement.