The proliferation of data across the system lifecycle presents both a significant opportunity and a challenge for Engineering Design and Systems Engineering (EDSE). While this "digital thread" has the potential to drive innovation, the fragmented and inaccessible nature of existing datasets hinders method validation, limits reproducibility, and slows research progress. Unlike fields such as computer vision and natural language processing, which benefit from established benchmark ecosystems, engineering design research often relies on small, proprietary, or ad-hoc datasets. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing a systematic framework for a "Map of Datasets in EDSE." The framework is built upon a multi-dimensional taxonomy designed to classify engineering datasets by domain, lifecycle stage, data type, and format, enabling faceted discovery. An architecture for an interactive discovery tool is detailed and demonstrated through a working prototype, employing a knowledge graph data model to capture rich semantic relationships between datasets, tools, and publications. An analysis of the current data landscape reveals underrepresented areas ("data deserts") in early-stage design and system architecture, as well as relatively well-represented areas ("data oases") in predictive maintenance and autonomous systems. The paper identifies key challenges in curation and sustainability and proposes mitigation strategies, laying the groundwork for a dynamic, community-driven resource to accelerate data-centric engineering research.
This paper gives an overview about aspects of mechanical engineering of undulators. It is based mainly on two types that are used in the SwissFEL facility. The U15 Undulator is an example of an in-vacuum type and the UE38 is an APPLE-X type. It describes the frame, the adjustment of the magnets with flexible keepers and the adjustment of the whole device with eccentric movers.
With the development of cold chain Internet of Things technology, real-time temperature monitoring and data sharing have become important means of improving the efficiency of chilled meat supply chain management. In this paper, a time-temperature coordination optimization strategy based on cold chain Internet of Things is proposed to enhance the operational efficiency of the chilled meat supply chain. First, based on predictive microbiology and system reliability theory, the effects of time and temperature on the quality of chilled meat were analyzed, and a quality change model was constructed.
Next, through experimental analysis, an energy consumption model for the cold fresh meat supply chain was developed, and the preservation costs of each stage were quantified. It was found that there is an optimal freshness level in the chilled meat supply chain that maximizes supply chain benefits. Further analysis revealed that when the freshness level at a stage deviates from this optimal level, the supply chain benefits can still be maximized by adjusting the time and temperature in subsequent stages. Finally, the chilled chicken supply chain was used as a case study to explore the time-temperature coordination optimization strategy based on cold chain Internet of Things, providing a reference for improving the management efficiency of chilled meat supply chains.
Heating and ventilation. Air conditioning, Low temperature engineering. Cryogenic engineering. Refrigeration
Allysson Allex Araújo, Marcos Kalinowski, Matheus Paixao
et al.
[Background] Emotional Intelligence (EI) can impact Software Engineering (SE) outcomes through improved team communication, conflict resolution, and stress management. SE workers face increasing pressure to develop both technical and interpersonal skills, as modern software development emphasizes collaborative work and complex team interactions. Despite EI's documented importance in professional practice, SE education continues to prioritize technical knowledge over emotional and social competencies. [Objective] This paper analyzes SE students' self-perceptions of their EI after a two-month cooperative learning project, using Mayer and Salovey's four-ability model to examine how students handle emotions in collaborative development. [Method] We conducted a case study with 29 SE students organized into four squads within a project-based learning course, collecting data through questionnaires and focus groups that included brainwriting and sharing circles, then analyzing the data using descriptive statistics and open coding. [Results] Students demonstrated stronger abilities in managing their own emotions compared to interpreting others' emotional states. Despite limited formal EI training, they developed informal strategies for emotional management, including structured planning and peer support networks, which they connected to improved productivity and conflict resolution. [Conclusion] This study shows how SE students perceive EI in a collaborative learning context and provides evidence-based insights into the important role of emotional competencies in SE education.
This lecture presents an overview of the basic concepts and fundamentals of Engineering Materials within the framework of accelerator applications. After a short introduction, main concepts relative to the structure of matter are reviewed, like crystalline structures, defects and dislocations, phase diagrams and transformations. The microscopic description is correlated with physical properties of materials, focusing in metallurgical aspects like deformation and strengthening. Main groups of materials are addressed and described, namely, metals and alloys, ceramics, polymers, composite materials, and advanced materials, where brush-strokes of tangible applications in particle accelerators and detectors are given. Deterioration aspects of materials are also presented, like corrosion in metals and degradation in plastics.
Due to the dual nature of metal and fluid, gallium‐based liquid metals with a low melting point at or around room temperature have gained growing interest recently. Although more properties of gallium are developed, their intrinsic properties are not able to meet the increasing requirement from the scientific and industrial community. To broaden its applications, many kinds of gallium‐based liquid metal composites are prepared and applied in the cutting‐edge fields like biomedical engineering, flexible robots, heat management, and so on. To summarize the latest progress and promote development, this review summarizes the recent progress of liquid metal composites and the continuous forming methods recently, including the physical and chemical properties of gallium‐based liquid metal, composites prepared through physical doping and surface modification, and the continuous forming approaches. Further outlook including expectations and challenges of gallium‐based liquid metal composites is also presented.
Heat transport has been significantly enhanced by the widespread usage of extended surfaces in various engineering domains. Gas turbine blade cooling, refrigeration, and electronic equipment cooling are a few prevalent applications. Thus, the thermal analysis of extended surfaces has been the subject of a significant assessment by researchers. Motivated by this, the present study describes the unsteady thermal dispersal phenomena in a wavy fin with the presence of convection heat transmission. This analysis also emphasizes a novel mathematical model in accordance with transient thermal change in a wavy profiled fin resulting from convection using the finite difference method (FDM) and physics informed neural network (PINN). The time and space-dependent governing partial differential equation (PDE) for the suggested heat problem has been translated into a dimensionless form using the relevant dimensionless terms. The graph depicts the effect of thermal parameters on the fin’s thermal profile. The temperature dispersion in the fin decreases as the dimensionless convection-conduction variable rises. The heat dispersion in the fin is decreased by increasing the aspect ratio, whereas the reverse behavior is seen with the time change. Furthermore, FDM-PINN results are validated against the outcomes of the FDM.
Quantum computation requires high-fidelity qubit readout, preserving the quantum state. In the case of superconductings qubits, readout is typically performed using a complex analog experimental setup operating at room temperature, which poses significant technological and economic barriers to large system scalability. An alternative approach is to perform a cryogenic on-chip qubit readout based on a Josephson digital phase detector (JDPD): a flux switchable device capable of digitizing the phase sign of a coherent input. The readout operation includes the flux excitation of the JDPD to evolve from a single- to a double-minima potential. In this work, the effect of the flux bias characteristics on the JDPD performances is studied numerically. To meet the identified requirements that maximize detection fidelity and tackle the engineering challenges, a cryogenic on-chip single flux quantum-based flux bias driver is proposed and discussed.
We studied the structural, electronic, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of N2CaNa full Heusler alloys using density functional theory (DFT). Results for the structural analysis establish structural stability with a minimum formation energy of 29.9 eV. The compound is brittle and mechanically stable, having checked out with the Pugh criteria. The B/G ratio of bulk modulus B to shear modulus G for N2CaNa is 4.766, hence the material is ductile. N2CaNa alloy is ductile in nature. The Debye model correctly predicts the low-temperature dependence of heat capacity, which is proportional to Debye’s T3 law. Just like the Einstein model, it also recovers the Dulong–Petit law at high temperatures, suggesting the thermodynamic stability of the compounds at moderate temperatures. The results demonstrate potential N2CaNa for applications in spintronics, structural engineering, and other fields requiring materials with tailored properties.
Many astrophysics observations require space telescopes, either to reduce atmospheric perturbation or simply to make these detections possible (in the X-Ray spectrum for example). One of these missions, Athena, is led by the European Space Agency (ESA), with additional international contributions, dedicated to X-Ray observation. Two instruments will be part of this mission and among them, X-IFU, will use Transition Edge Sensors (TES) to detect and precisely measure the energy of X-Ray photons. These sensors require a temperature of 50 mK to reach their ambitious sensitivity goals. In space, this temperature can be reached using Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigeration (ADR) and such a cooling system is currently being developed for the X-IFU instrument. ADR utilizes magnetocaloric materials which, upon variation in magnetic fields, can produce a cooling effect. The magnetic field of the order of 1 T in a volume of 10s of cm3 is produced by a superconducting coil with high winding number and current limited to approximately 2 A. Even though this current is low compared to most earth-based systems, metallic current leads to link the high- and low-temperature stages would cause high thermal loads, unacceptable for the limited capacity of the cryogenic cooling chain of the spacecraft. Therefore, a harness consisting of superconducting current leads is planned to reduce the thermal loads at the low-temperature stage. As part of an ESA contract, our team designed, built and tested such a space-compatible harness. This harness includes the electrical interfaces at both ends as well as mechanical support. Its development is capable of operating between interfaces at 80 K and 4 K. The harness is based on industrially available Rare-Earth-Barium-Copper-Oxide (REBCO) High-Temperature Superconductor (HTS) tapes. The tapes were laser-cut by our group to fulfill our specifications, Parylene coated and reinforced with Kapton laminate tape for mechanical and insulating purposes. After characterization of the single tapes, the assembled harness has been subjected to an extensive qualification sequence including thermal cycling and mechanical testing based on launch loads requirements. This paper will summarize the technical design choices for this HTS harness. It will discuss the test results and propose some perspectives for the next iteration of the development.
Zhao Shouzheng, Zhu Zongsheng, Zhao Songsong
et al.
The rapid development of fresh food distribution is facing significant pressure to reduce global carbon emissions. Reducing carbon emissions from last-mile distribution is important for energy conservation, environmental protection, and economic benefits. In this study, six typical cities in China are selected to analyze and evaluate the carbon emissions from ice storage and photovoltaic refrigeration in fresh food distribution using the entire life cycle method. When the design temperature in the delivery box is -5 °C, the results show that the carbon emission of six cities in the production stage for the photovoltaic refrigeration mode is higher than that of the ice storage mode. In the case of a 20-year life cycle, the total carbon emissions of the photovoltaic refrigeration mode in each city were reduced by 97.95%–98.78% compared with the total carbon emissions of the ice storage mode, and the emission reduction effect was significant. Among them, the carbon emissions from the use stage of the ice storage distribution mode contribute the most, and the carbon emissions from the production stage of the photovoltaic refrigeration distribution mode account for the most. Emission reduction benefits can be obtained in the decommissioning stage. When the design temperature in the distribution box increases from -5 °C to 0 °C, the carbon emissions of each city in the photovoltaic refrigeration mode are reduced by 17.74%–19.31%, whereas the carbon emissions in the ice storage mode are reduced by 13.21–18.79%. When the design temperature in the distribution box is increased from 0 °C to 5 °C, the carbon emissions of each city in the photovoltaic refrigeration mode are reduced by 17.03%–18.24%, whereas the carbon emissions in the ice storage mode are reduced by 15.22%–19.71%.
Heating and ventilation. Air conditioning, Low temperature engineering. Cryogenic engineering. Refrigeration
The 2023 Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) and International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) were held from July 9 through July 13 at the Hawaii Convention Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. As at past conferences, the international scope of these meetings was strongly maintained with 19 countries being represented by 555 attendees who gathered to enjoy the joint technical programs and industrial exhibits. In total, 213 papers were submitted for publication of which 207 are published in these conference proceedings. The program for the joint conferences included a total of 494 presentations organized into 110 sessions - plenary, oral and posters, as well as awards presentations. Five plenary talks gave interesting in-depth updates and overviews on exciting topics: Amanda Simpson (Airbus Americas) discussed the Airbus hydrogen aircraft development plans in “Airbus: A Discussion About the Use of Cryogenic Hydrogen for Aviation Propulsion”, An overview of the history and recent developments in high temperature superconductors was given by Paul C. W. Chu (University of Houston) in “From High-temperature Superconductivity to Room-temperature Superconductivity: From Ambient Pressure to Very High Pressure”, Suhas Bhandarkar (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) presented an overview of Lawrence Livermore National Lab’s net positive energy fusion demonstration and the detailed development and operations of the hydrogen fuel in “Overview of the Fabrication of Cryogenic Hydrogen Fuel Ice Layer for Nuclear Fusion Ignition Experiments”, an overview of the developments ongoing at Robinson Research Institute for the development of electric aircraft was given by Rodney Badcock (Robinson Research Institute) in “Electric Aircraft: Solving the Key Materials and Engineering Challenges to Manufacture a Complete Electrical Propulsion System”, and a discussion on the cryogenic requirements and needs for the development of quantum computers was given by Nicholas Masluk (IBM) in “Cryogenic Infrastructure for 400 Qubits and Beyond”. The attendees also convened for two special Joint CEC-ICMC sessions organized: i) Liquid Hydrogen for Large-Scale Vehicles and ii) Superconducting Quantum Systems. Special sessions, two of them with panel discussions, were included in the programming emphasizing high-quality invited talks on seven different topics: Electromechanical Behaviors of HTS Coated Conductors for Applications, Topological Materials for Electronics, High Strength Materials, High Field Superconducting Materials for Accelerator Magnets, Low Temperature Materials Database A - Superconductors, Low Temperature Materials Database B - Functional & Structural Materials, Cryogenic Clean Energy and Mobility, and Orbital Flight Demonstrations of Cryogenic Fluid Management. A large Transportation Symposium consisting of 5 sessions and 26 talks with topics ranging from government funding perspectives, power electronics, cables, motors, and generators to system level studies was also held at CEC/ICMC’23. Contributed papers covered a wide range of topics including many aspects and advances in cryogenics and superconductors, along with their applications. Both CEC and ICMC boards are encouraging student participation, education, and career growth. It was very exciting and rewarding to have 77 students register for the conference this year. And 36 of the students received sponsorship of the registration fees. The strong session attendance was exciting and very positive and made the conference a more rewarding experience for the presenters and attendees. The CEC/ICMC Cryo Industrial Expo displayed the products and services of 31 industrial exhibitors and provided a congenial venue for a reception and refreshments throughout the week as well as for the conference poster sessions. Conference Chairs for 2023 were Wesley Johnson from the NASA Glenn Research Center for CEC and Sonja Schlachter from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology for ICMC. The CEC Program Chair was Jacob Leachman from the Washington State University with CEC Program Vice Chair, Ram Dhuley, from the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the ICMC Program co-chairs were Klaus-Peter Weiss from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Judy Wu from the University of Kansas. The Exhibit Chair was Austin Capers of Scientific Instruments, Inc. who also served as Publicity and Sponsorship Chair. Finally, the Awards Chairs were Peter Kittel, Consultant, for CEC and Eric Hellstrom from the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University for ICMC. Michael Sumption, ICMC Board President and Peter Bradley, CEC Board President greatly participated in the conference development as part of the leadership team.
The 2023 Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) and International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) were held from July 9 through July 13 at the Hawaii Convention Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. As at past conferences, the international scope of these meetings was strongly maintained with 19 countries being represented by 555 attendees who gathered to enjoy the joint technical programs and industrial exhibits. In total, 213 papers were submitted for publication of which 207 are published in these conference proceedings. The program for the joint conferences included a total of 494 presentations organized into 110 sessions - plenary, oral and posters, as well as awards presentations. Five plenary talks gave interesting in-depth updates and overviews on exciting topics: Amanda Simpson (Airbus Americas) discussed the Airbus hydrogen aircraft development plans in “Airbus: A Discussion About the Use of Cryogenic Hydrogen for Aviation Propulsion”, An overview of the history and recent developments in high temperature superconductors was given by Paul C. W. Chu (University of Houston) in “From High-temperature Superconductivity to Room-temperature Superconductivity: From Ambient Pressure to Very High Pressure”, Suhas Bhandarkar (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) presented an overview of Lawrence Livermore National Lab’s net positive energy fusion demonstration and the detailed development and operations of the hydrogen fuel in “Overview of the Fabrication of Cryogenic Hydrogen Fuel Ice Layer for Nuclear Fusion Ignition Experiments”, an overview of the developments ongoing at Robinson Research Institute for the development of electric aircraft was given by Rodney Badcock (Robinson Research Institute) in “Electric Aircraft: Solving the Key Materials and Engineering Challenges to Manufacture a Complete Electrical Propulsion System”, and a discussion on the cryogenic requirements and needs for the development of quantum computers was given by Nicholas Masluk (IBM) in “Cryogenic Infrastructure for 400 Qubits and Beyond”. The attendees also convened for two special Joint CEC-ICMC sessions organized: i) Liquid Hydrogen for Large-Scale Vehicles and ii) Superconducting Quantum Systems. Special sessions, two of them with panel discussions, were included in the programming emphasizing high-quality invited talks on seven different topics: Electromechanical Behaviors of HTS Coated Conductors for Applications, Topological Materials for Electronics, High Strength Materials, High Field Superconducting Materials for Accelerator Magnets, Low Temperature Materials Database A - Superconductors, Low Temperature Materials Database B - Functional & Structural Materials, Cryogenic Clean Energy and Mobility, and Orbital Flight Demonstrations of Cryogenic Fluid Management. A large Transportation Symposium consisting of 5 sessions and 26 talks with topics ranging from government funding perspectives, power electronics, cables, motors, and generators to system level studies was also held at CEC/ICMC’23. Contributed papers covered a wide range of topics including many aspects and advances in cryogenics and superconductors, along with their applications. Both CEC and ICMC boards are encouraging student participation, education, and career growth. It was very exciting and rewarding to have 77 students register for the conference this year. And 36 of the students received sponsorship of the registration fees. The strong session attendance was exciting and very positive and made the conference a more rewarding experience for the presenters and attendees. The CEC/ICMC Cryo Industrial Expo displayed the products and services of 31 industrial exhibitors and provided a congenial venue for a reception and refreshments throughout the week as well as for the conference poster sessions. Conference Chairs for 2023 were Wesley Johnson from the NASA Glenn Research Center for CEC and Sonja Schlachter from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology for ICMC. The CEC Program Chair was Jacob Leachman from the Washington State University with CEC Program Vice Chair, Ram Dhuley, from the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the ICMC Program co-chairs were Klaus-Peter Weiss from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Judy Wu from the University of Kansas. The Exhibit Chair was Austin Capers of Scientific Instruments, Inc. who also served as Publicity and Sponsorship Chair. Finally, the Awards Chairs were Peter Kittel, Consultant, for CEC and Eric Hellstrom from the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University for ICMC. Michael Sumption, ICMC Board President and Peter Bradley, CEC Board President greatly participated in the conference development as part of the leadership team.
The stark contrast in the design philosophy of an event camera makes it particularly ideal for operating under high-speed, high dynamic range and low-light conditions, where standard cameras underperform. Nonetheless, event cameras still suffer from some amount of motion blur, especially under these challenging conditions, in contrary to what most think. This is attributed to the limited bandwidth of the event sensor pixel, which is mostly proportional to the light intensity. Thus, to ensure that event cameras can truly excel in such conditions where it has an edge over standard cameras, it is crucial to account for event motion blur in downstream applications, especially reconstruction. However, none of the recent works on reconstructing Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) from events, nor event simulators, have considered the full effects of event motion blur. To this end, we propose, Deblur e-NeRF, a novel method to directly and effectively reconstruct blur-minimal NeRFs from motion-blurred events generated under high-speed motion or low-light conditions. The core component of this work is a physically-accurate pixel bandwidth model proposed to account for event motion blur under arbitrary speed and lighting conditions. We also introduce a novel threshold-normalized total variation loss to improve the regularization of large textureless patches. Experiments on real and novel realistically simulated sequences verify our effectiveness. Our code, event simulator and synthetic event dataset will be open-sourced.
Abstract The mechanical properties of rocks are an important basis supporting engineering design and construction. Temperature is one of important factors influencing mechanical properties of rocks. To explore the evolution law of fracture characteristics of rocks at different temperatures, semi-circular three-point bending test was conducted on four groups of granite specimens treated at different temperatures. The research results showed that after treatment at 20 °C–900 °C, the tensile strengths of rocks all declined with increasing temperature. Under different fracture modes, the temperature ranges that influence the tensile strength of rocks are different. With the growth of temperature, the fracture toughnesses (KIC and KIIC) and equivalent fracture toughness Keff of the three groups of rock specimens under different fracture modes all gradually reduced. For rock specimens treated at temperature below 600 °C, the fracture toughness rapidly decreased while it slowly declined after exceeding 600 °C. Under different fracture modes, the temperature-sensitive ranges of granite are different. From low to high, the temperature ranges separately corresponded to those of fracture toughness of granite under mixed mode, mode II and mode I. Compared with conventional maximum tangential stress criterion, the modified maximum tangential stress criterion considered the effect of T stress, so that the resulting theoretical value was more consistent with the test results. Therefore, the modified maximum tangential stress criterion was more suitable for predicting the test results. With the growth of temperature of heat treatment, the damage of rocks was aggravated. The propagation path of main through-wall cracks generated in the specimens containing pre-casted cracks in three different angles became increasingly curved under the effect of external loads, and was deviated from the line between the tip of the pre-casted cracks and loading point at different degrees.
In this study, based on fins of four conventional shapes that are applied in microchannels, four novel fins are proposed using compound fins with cavities. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of microchannels with conventional fins and those integrating fins with cavities. The mechanism by which the cavities influence the flow and heat transfer performance was analyzed, and performance evaluation criteria (PEC) was adopted as a criterion to compare the overall performance. The results showed that as the fin was compounded with cavities, the width of the fin decreased; thus, the separation zone downstream of the fin was reduced. In addition, the main flow induced a cyclic flow in the cavities. The velocity gradient at the liquid-liquid interface between the main flow and the cyclic flow was lower than that at the liquid-solid interface between the main flow and the fin surface, resulting in lower flow friction. Therefore, the pressure drop of the flow associated with fins with cavities was lower than that for conventional fins. However, the cavities reduced the disturbance of the main flow, leading to a deteriorated heat transfer enhancement performance. The influence of the cavities on the flow and heat transfer depended on the fin shape. Compared with conventional fins, the overall performance of fins compounded with cavities was reduced owing to heat-transfer deterioration.
Heating and ventilation. Air conditioning, Low temperature engineering. Cryogenic engineering. Refrigeration
This study investigates the atomizing law of the nucleator nozzles, which are an important atomizing device for domestic outdoor snow-making units. Air and water are used as the medium, and the Sauter mean diameter, atomization flux, and spray angle of the domestic KBJD-1 nucleator nozzle are studied by a high-speed camera and laser particle size analyzer. The results show that the Sauter mean diameter decreases exponentially with an increase in air supply pressure but increases exponentially with an increase in water supply pressure. Moreover, the rate of change of the particle size gradually decreases with an increase in the gas-liquid pressure ratio. At the same experimental condition of water supply pressure at 1.0 MPa, when varying the air supply pressure from 0.3 MPa to 0.8 MPa, the atomization flow rate approximately decreases linearly with the air supply pressure. The spray angle first increases and then decreases with an increase in the air supply pressure. When the air supply pressure reaches 0.55 MPa, the spray angle reaches its maximum value.
Heating and ventilation. Air conditioning, Low temperature engineering. Cryogenic engineering. Refrigeration
Software testing is one of the crucial supporting processes of the software life cycle. Unfortunately for the software industry, the role is stigmatized, partly due to misperception and partly due to treatment of the role. The present study aims to analyze the situation to explore what restricts computer science and software engineering students from taking up a testing career in the software industry. To conduct this study, we surveyed 88 Pakistani students taking computer science or software engineering degrees. The results showed that the present study supports previous work into the unpopularity of testing compared to other software life cycle roles. Furthermore, the findings of our study showed that the role of tester has become a social role, with as many social connotations as technical implications.