Hasil untuk "Lexicography"

R. Paige, R. Tarjan

J. Elster

藤重 悟

David S. Johnson, C. Papadimitriou, M. Yannakakis

P. Boldi, M. Rosa, Massimo Santini et al.

We continue the line of research on graph compression started with WebGraph, but we move our focus to the compression of social networks in a proper sense (e.g., LiveJournal): the approaches that have been used for a long time to compress web graphs rely on a specific ordering of the nodes (lexicographical URL ordering) whose extension to general social networks is not trivial. In this paper, we propose a solution that mixes clusterings and orders, and devise a new algorithm, called Layered Label Propagation, that builds on previous work on scalable clustering and can be used to reorder very large graphs (billions of nodes). Our implementation uses task decomposition to perform aggressively on multi-core architecture, making it possible to reorder graphs of more than 600 millions nodes in a few hours. Experiments performed on a wide array of web graphs and social networks show that combining the order produced by the proposed algorithm with the WebGraph compression framework provides a major increase in compression with respect to all currently known techniques, both on web graphs and on social networks. These improvements make it possible to analyse in main memory significantly larger graphs.

Roberto Navigli, Simone Paolo Ponzetto

Chowdhury Farhan Ahmed, S. Tanbeer, Byeong-Soo Jeong et al.

Ramesh C. Agarwal, C. Aggarwal, V. V. V. Prasad

D. Kozlov

Sevinc Bayram, H. Sencar, N. Memon

Masoumeh Seyyedrezaei, Mehdi Sarkhosh, Kazhal Abdy

Lexical knowledge development has always been a seriously challenging task for L2 learners throughout their language learning process, and the necessity of identifying the most efficient L2 vocabulary input encoding for long-term retention is a constant controversy in the field. To address this concern, a quasi-experimental research design was incorporated to explore the effects of single- (Pylyshyn [1978]) and dual-coding (Paivio [1971; 1986]) representation of L2 vocabulary in recall and retention of concrete words in two succeeding and distinct phases. In phase one, four distinct groups of male and female language learners (n=80) received target concrete vocabulary instruction within the single-coding framework via both decontextualized (i.e., word-only L2-L1 flashcards—verbal) and semi-contextualized channels (i.e., picture-supported L2 flashcards—visual). In phase two, three distinct groups of participants (n=60) were provided with decontextualized (verbal), semi-contextualized (visual), and dual-coding (i.e., verbal representations paired with pictures and L1 equivalents) instructions of target concrete words. A comparison of pre-test and post-test scores demonstrated that decontextualized instruction was effective for short-term recall of L2 concrete words in both phases; however, it failed to significantly improve long-term retention of L2 concrete words. Conversely, the semi-contextualized encoding channel significantly well-equipped the L2 learners with two distinct sets of retrieval cues, facilitating both immediate recall and later retention of L2 concrete vocabulary. Meanwhile, the immediate and delayed post-test results of learners who received instruction via the dual-coding channel suggested an additive effect of L2 input representation with L1 equivalents and visual imagery. This combination yielded more remarkable and consistent results in boosting language learners’ short- and long-term recall and retention of concrete L2 words. This implies that exclusively focusing on verbal or visual encoding could hinder L2 learners’ ability in building L2 lexicon in an efficient and progressive manner. The findings suggest the significance of integrating both verbal and visual encoding channels for L2 concrete vocabulary instruction, especially in bilingual and foreign language learning contexts.

Xiwang Guo, Mengchu Zhou, Shixin Liu et al.

Industrial products’ reuse, recovery, and recycling are very important because of their environmental and economic benefits. Effective product disassembly planning methods can improve their recovery efficiency and reduce their bad environmental impact. However, the existing approaches pay little attention to sequence-dependent disassembly with resource constraints, such as limited disassembly operators and tools, which makes the current planning methods ineffective in practice. This paper considers a multiobjective resource-constrained and sequence-dependent disassembly optimization problem with disassembly precedence constraints. Energy consumption is adopted to evaluate the disassembly efficiency. Its use with traditional optimization criterion leads to a novel multiobjective optimization model such that the energy consumption and disassembly time are minimized while disassembly profit is maximized. Since the problem complexity increases with the number of components in a product, a lexicographic multiobjective scatter search (SS) method is proposed to solve the proposed multiobjective optimization problem. Its effectiveness is verified by comparing the results of linear weight SS and genetic algorithms. The results show that it is able to provide a better solution in a short execution time and fulfills the precedence requirement in a product structure and resource constraints.

Marchionni, Roberta

Epigraphic poem CLE 1166 is dedicated to Flavia Dionisiade, who passed away at the age of just seven. The aim of the epitaph was to commemorate the child and, with her, a particular talent of hers. For years, following Bücheler’s interpretation, this talent has been understood as skill in dancing. However, the poem’s wording tells a different story: an analysis, supported by the Thesaurus linguae Latinae, demonstrates that Flavia Dionisiade was a young poet, particularly devoted to elegiac poetry.

Hrvoje Kekez

U radu se temeljem analize sačuvanih pisanih izvora i relevantne literature daje odgovore na pitanje strateškoga položaja brinjske utvrde u sustavu obrane od Osmanlija, tj. prostora koji se u narednim stoljećima jasno oblikovao u Vojnu granicu, tj. krajinu (Militärgrenze), pri čemu su prikazane i analizirane sačuvane vijesti u pisanim izvorima o zabilježenim osmanskim provalama u razdoblju od zadnjih desetljeća XV. do sredine XVI. stoljeća, ali i prikazana problematika vlasništva nad brinjskom utvrdom u navedenome razdoblju, tj. dinamiku sukobljavanja oko ovoga pitanja dotadašnjih brinjskih gospodara, knezova Frankapana, i predstavnika vrhovne, prvo kraljevske, a onda i carske vlasti. Temeljni problemi razmatrani u ovoj studiji (strateška važnost brinjske utvrde, pitanje vlasništva i ratne aktivnosti u zadnjim desetljećima XV. do sredine XVI. stoljeća) prikazani su u dijakronijskoj perspektivi razmatrajući Brinje u širem društvenom, vojnom i političkom kontekstu kako hrvatskih povijesnim zemalja, tako i širih prostora Ugarsko-Hrvatskog Kraljevstva. Iako je Brinje u kratku razdoblju tijekom devetoga desetljeća XV. stoljeća bilo uključeno u sastav Senjske kapetanije, to je u prvi mah bilo kratkoga vijeka jer su knezovi Frankapani svakako do glasovite Krbavske bitke iz 1493. godine ponovno Brinje vratili pod svoju vlast. Početkom idućega stoljeća Brinje je zbog svoga položaja na prometnici prema Senju bilo strateška važna utvrda na granici s Osmanlijama koju su, oslanjajući se na pomoć Habsburgovaca, manje ili više uspješno branili njezini gospodari, knezovi Frankapani. Uslijed sve većih i češćih osmanskih pustošenja knezovi Frankapani su gubili sposobnost obrane Brinja, koje pak vladar iz nove vladarske kuće Habsburgovaca nije želio prepustiti sudbini već su vojne vlasti nastojale Brinje ponovno preuzeti i uklopiti je u sustav Senjske kapetanije. Unatoč opiranjima kneza Vuka I. Frankapana Brinjskog, pa čak i nasilnoga preuzimanja utvrde, Brinje je početkom petoga desetljeća XVI. stoljeća ponovno uklopljeno u sustav Vojne granice, o čemu svjedoči niz povijesnih izvora, među kojima posebice različiti popisi vojnih posada. Ne samo do izmaka XVI. stoljeća, već i u narednim vremenima, Brinje je ostalo u sastavu Vojne granice.

Ling-Wei Kung

The present article reinterprets the history of polyglot lexicography and encyclopedic language projects in late imperial China from the Yuan and the Ming through the Qing periods by tracing a three-stage transformation. The Yuan period inaugurated a foundational regime of phonetic transcription anchored in the ’Phags-pa script (Ch. Basiba zi 八思巴字) while already experimenting with semantic pairing in the early Sino–Mongol glossary conventionally known as <i>Zhiyuan yiyu</i> (至元譯語). The Ming consolidated that legacy into a state curriculum centered on the <i>Huayi yiyu</i> (華夷譯語) corpus, together with frontier manuals such as <i>Beilu yiyu</i> (北虜譯語), which systematized domain-based vocabulary and coupled it with documentary templates for tribute, diplomacy, and administration. The Qing, finally, reconceived multilingual lexicography as a project of imperial integration, recentering Manchu as the pivot language in the <i>Qing wen jian</i> (清文鑒) series and culminating in the five-language <i>Wuti Qing wen jian</i> (五體清文鑒). Specialized compendia such as <i>Xiyu tongwen zhi</i> (西域同文志) normalized toponyms across scripts in newly incorporated territories. Complementing official compilations, market-facing handbooks—including <i>Menggu zazi</i> (蒙古雜字)—and the dialogic textbooks <i>Nogeoldae</i> (Ch. <i>Lao qida</i> 老乞大) and <i>Bak Tongsa</i> (Ch. <i>Piao tongshi</i> 朴通事) produced within Joseon’s translator-training institutions reveal a multi-sited ecosystem in which court, frontier, marketplace, and foreign language schools co-produced the infrastructure of interlingual governance. By following the shift from “how to read” (phonetic) to “what it means” (semantic) and ultimately to “what it governs” (administrative integration), this article argues that polyglot lexicons were not merely repositories of words but instruments that made a multilingual empire legible, speakable, and governable.

Vera Budykina, Oksana Polyakova

Currently, there is a significant focus on the exploration and classification of eponymous terminology across a range of fields of study. Scholars are particularly interested in the term’s foundation, theoretical underpinnings, and the lexicographic aspects of its application across various domains. Notably, eponymous terms are most prominent in medical, economic, political, historical, and technical fields. However, there is a need to broaden research efforts in pedagogy and education terminology, which includes several eponymous terms. The study was conducted following dictionary criticism principles and tackled the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data on eponymous phrases found in three English-language special dictionaries. The ultimate objective was determining the feasibility of including eponym terms in a dictionary. The research objectives were outlined to achieve this goal. The authors carefully selected and analysed the terminology, identifying corresponding semantic fields and conducting a structural and grammatical analysis of 93 eponymous phrases. They identified various semantic fields, such as “Diseases and Mental Disorders,” “Psychology and Psychological Expertise,” “Pedagogical Schools, Principles, and Educational Institutions,” “Educational Reforms,” and “Reports on Education,” among others, and provided commentary on the practicality of including eponymous terms in a dictionary of education. Research on eponyms has revealed that they share similar grammatical and nominative structures as non-eponymic terms, functioning as individual words and word groups. Typically, eponyms consist of two elements: a noun and an adjective or a noun and another noun. Anthroponyms –names derived from people – are often used in eponyms to describe the founders of pedagogical schools and trends, developers of psychological theories and testing methods, and scientists who have identified diseases and mental disorders requiring unique learning approaches. Additionally, eponyms may incorporate place names and names of literary or mythical characters, creating phrases like Pickwick Syndrome, Munchausen Syndrome, Summerhill School, and the Bologna Declaration. Furthermore, the primary eponymous trends within the semantic fields have been identified through a rigorous analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. The findings align with the global trend observed at the study’s outset, where medical eponymy prevails. Therefore, terminologists and lexicographers must focus on the study of this eponymous terminology.

Anna Rogers, Aleksandr Drozd, S. Matsuoka

Following up on numerous reports of analogy-based identification of “linguistic regularities” in word embeddings, this study applies the widely used vector offset method to 4 types of linguistic relations: inflectional and derivational morphology, and lexicographic and en-cyclopedic semantics. We present a balanced test set with 99,200 questions in 40 categories, and we systematically examine how accuracy for different categories is affected by window size and dimensionality of the SVD-based word embeddings. We also show that GloVe and SVD yield similar patterns of results for different categories, offering further evidence for conceptual similarity between count-based and neural-net based models.

Inna B. Mandzhieva

Introduction. The paper examines and describes some archaic and innovative features identified in a word list of P. S. Pallas from the treatise titled ‘Comparative Dictionaries of All Languages and Dialects Collected by the Order of Her Imperial Majesty’ and printed by I. K. Schnor (St. Petersburg) in 1787–1789. Special attention be paid to specific traits once inherent to various Kalmyk dialects. Goals. So, the study attempts a description of archaic and innovative features traced in the Kalmyk word list contained in the mentioned work of P. S. Pallas. Materials. The analysis focuses on the Kalmyk word list (including word combinations) from the specified dictionary that comprises a total of 531 entries. The former be supplemented with Proto-Mongolic reconstructions by H. Nugteren, seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Kalmyk dictionaries by G. F. Müller, B. Bergmann and J. Klaproth published in G. Doerfer’s Ältere Westeuropäische Quellen zur Kalmückischen Sprachengeschichte, The Dictionary of Kalmyk edited by B. Muniev. Results. The LingvoDoc-based survey has yielded certain correspondence rows of vowel graphemes compiled from ones in the dictionary of P. S. Pallas, that of modern Kalmyk, and reconstruction works of H. Nugteren. There are some archaisms and innovations that may have been recorded from an unidentified dialect, and the traces can be observed in other seventeenth- and eighteenth-century dictionaries too. The examined materials contain features of both Dorbet, Torghut, Buzav and Orenburg dialects.

Ruoxia Li, Jinde Cao, Changfeng Xue et al.

Abstract A discrete-time fractional-order quaternion-valued memristive system is considered in this note. By utilizing contraction mapping theory, a sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point for the considered system is derived. Via the comparison principle of linear fractional difference system, the quasi-stability condition of the given system is obtained, subsequently, the quasi-synchronization conclusion is derived through Lyapunov method and a proper controller, which can well handle the quasi-synchronization problem in the process of implementing the controller. Applying the lexicographical order method to the quaternion-valued memristive neural networks, the closed convex hull consisted by the connection weights is meaningful. One example is given to substantiate the obtained conclusions.

Nikolaj S. Bjørner, Anh-Dung Phan, Lars Fleckenstein