Hasil untuk "Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class"

Frederick Reiber

In this short position paper, I develop a dialectical framework for understanding the political ideology of technological projects. To do so, I draw on critical and emancipatory social science discussions, highlighting how both a project's values and constraints are necessary for understanding its ideology. A brief example is then presented to aid comprehension.

Özgür Togay, Florian Kunneman, Javier Garcia-Bernardo et al.

Political polarization emerges from a complex interplay of beliefs about policies, figures, and issues. However, most computational analyses reduce discourse to coarse partisan labels, overlooking how these beliefs interact. This is especially evident in online political conversations, which are often nuanced and cover a wide range of subjects, making it difficult to automatically identify the target of discussion and the opinion expressed toward them. In this study, we investigate whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can address this challenge through Target-Stance Extraction (TSE), a recent natural language processing task that combines target identification and stance detection, enabling more granular analysis of political opinions. For this, we construct a dataset of 1,084 Reddit posts from r/NeutralPolitics, covering 138 distinct political targets and evaluate a range of proprietary and open-source LLMs using zero-shot, few-shot, and context-augmented prompting strategies. Our results show that the best models perform comparably to highly trained human annotators and remain robust on challenging posts with low inter-annotator agreement. These findings demonstrate that LLMs can extract complex political opinions with minimal supervision, offering a scalable tool for computational social science and political text analysis.

Adir Elmakais, Oren Glickman

Israeli society has experienced significant political polarization in recent years, reflected in five Knesset elections held within a four-year period (2019-2022). Public discourse increasingly references hypothetical divisions of the country into politically homogeneous "cantons." This paper develops a data-driven algorithmic approach to explore such divisions using publicly available municipality-level election results and geographic boundary data from the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. We partition 229 Israeli municipalities into geographically contiguous cantons that maximize internal political similarity. Our methodology employs four clustering algorithms -- Simulated Annealing, Agglomerative Clustering with contiguity constraints, Louvain Community Detection, and K-Means (baseline) -- evaluated across four feature representations (BlocShares, RawParty, PCA, NMF), three distance metrics (Euclidean, Cosine, Jensen-Shannon), and six values of K (3-20), yielding 264 experimental configurations. Key results show that BlocShares with Euclidean distance and Agglomerative clustering produces the highest clustering quality (silhouette score 0.905), while NMF with Louvain community detection achieves the best balance between political homogeneity, silhouette quality (0.121), and interpretable canton assignments. Temporal stability analysis across all five elections reveals that deterministic algorithms produce near-perfectly stable partitions (ARI up to 1.0), while Israel's political geography remains structurally consistent despite electoral volatility. The resulting K=5 partition identifies five politically coherent regions -- a center-leaning metropolitan core, a right-wing southern arc, a right-leaning northern mixed region, and two Arab-majority cantons -- closely reflecting known political-demographic divisions. An interactive web application accompanies this work.

Corina Rodríguez Enríquez, Verónica Gago, Paula Varela

En 2024, en una co-edición entre el CEHTI y Ediciones IPS en Argentina, Bellaterra en Barcelona y Proyección en Chile, fue publicado por primera vez en castellano El marxismo y la opresión de las mujeres. Hacia una teoría unitaria de Lise Vogel. Este libro, cuya primera edición fue en 1983, sienta las bases de lo que hoy se conoce como Teoría de la Reproducción Social. En este dossier invitamos a Corina Rodríguez Enríquez, Verónica Gago y Paula Varela a reflexionar sobre el libro y sus aportes a los debates de los feminismos contemporáneos.

Franziska Weeber, Tanise Ceron, Sebastian Padó

Public opinion surveys show cross-cultural differences in political opinions between socio-cultural contexts. However, there is no clear evidence whether these differences translate to cross-lingual differences in multilingual large language models (MLLMs). We analyze whether opinions transfer between languages or whether there are separate opinions for each language in MLLMs of various sizes across five Western languages. We evaluate MLLMs' opinions by prompting them to report their (dis)agreement with political statements from voting advice applications. To better understand the interaction between languages in the models, we evaluate them both before and after aligning them with more left or right views using direct preference optimization and English alignment data only. Our findings reveal that unaligned models show only very few significant cross-lingual differences in the political opinions they reflect. The political alignment shifts opinions almost uniformly across all five languages. We conclude that in Western language contexts, political opinions transfer between languages, demonstrating the challenges in achieving explicit socio-linguistic, cultural, and political alignment of MLLMs.

Maike Behrendt, Stefan Sylvius Wagner, Carina Weinmann et al.

Political online participation in the form of discussing political issues and exchanging opinions among citizens is gaining importance with more and more formats being held digitally. To come to a decision, a thorough discussion and consideration of opinions and a civil exchange of arguments, which is defined as the act of deliberation, is desirable. The quality of discussions and participation processes in terms of their deliberativeness highly depends on the design of platforms and processes. To facilitate online communication for both participants and initiators, machine learning methods offer a lot of potential. In this work we want to showcase which issues occur in political online discussions and how machine learning can be used to counteract these issues and enhance deliberation. We conduct a literature review to (i) identify tasks that could potentially be solved by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to enhance individual aspects of deliberation in political online discussions, (ii) provide an overview on existing tools and platforms that are equipped with AI support and (iii) assess how well AI support currently works and where challenges remain.

Mike Ceriani de Oliveira Gomes, Ignacio Moñino

Neste artigo, de natureza qualitativa, objetiva-se analisar a dialogia freireana nas escolas públicas populares argentinas de jovens e adultos, denominadas Bachilleratos Populares, majoritariamente geridas em fábricas recuperadas e em espaços de gestão coletiva coordenados por movimentos sociais e organizações sindicais. Para tanto, foram realizadas as análises bibliográfica e documental, a partir das quais se discute as influências da educação popular de tradição freireana nos Bachilleratos Populares, partindo-se do histórico delas, bem como da construção e da aplicabilidade do projeto político-pedagógico de cada uma. No desfecho, aprofunda-se a discussão da supracitada dialogia freireana como ponto central dos Bachilleratos Populares no ato de reinventar Paulo Freire e novas perspectivas para se pensar a educação popular na conjuntura latino-americana.

Bruno dos Santos Joaquim

A presente resenha analisa a obra de Noelia Rego, publicada em 2020 pela editora Monstro dos Mares. O estudo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a intersecção entre epistemologias descoloniais e educação popular, defendendo a sua potencial resistência contra o projeto de educação colonial-moderna. A autora constrói sua argumentação a partir de referências do Grupo Modernidade/Colonialidade, mas não se limita a ele. Propõe uma educação que valorize as perspectivas dos povos indígenas, das mulheres, dos negros, dos indivíduos LGBTQIA+, entre outros grupos subalternos, enfatizando a importância de uma prática pedagógica contra hegemônica que resgate as epistemes tradicionais e promova um diálogo intercultural transnacional sul-sul. O seu trabalho destaca a necessidade de autonomia intelectual e política, especialmente por meio da educação popular, para subverter paradigmas e redefinir identidades pedagógicas.

Janaína Maria Oliveira Lima, Cleiton Henrique dos Reis, Michaela Camargo et al.

O presente relato origina-se da ação intergeracional intitulada Envelhecimento na sociedade e nos esportes, desenvolvida e aplicada em uma escola da rede pública de ensino do município de Curitiba, no ano de 2022. A intervenção objetivou a ampliação das perspectivas das crianças em relação ao envelhecimento, bem como o contato intergeracional entre crianças, adultos e pessoas idosas. O principal desafio encontrado estava relacionado ao tempo para desenvolvimento das atividades planejadas. Como potencialidades, destacam-se a relação escola-universidade como espaço de docência e ensino-aprendizagem, o envolvimento das crianças, (re)pensar estereótipos, a troca entre gerações e a representatividade, de modo que a possibilidade de estabelecer e promover vínculos intergeracionais foi semeada pela extensão universitária em conjunto com o ensino básico brasileiro. A proposta da intervenção configurou-se na possibilidade da quebra de paradigmas e estereótipos entre as diferentes gerações, assim como a ação intergeracional na escola provou ser uma excelente e potente ação de ensino-aprendizado gerontológico.

Hazem Ibrahim, Farhan Khan, Hend Alabdouli et al.

Social media platforms play a pivotal role in shaping public opinion and amplifying political discourse, particularly during elections. However, the same dynamics that foster democratic engagement can also exacerbate polarization. To better understand these challenges, here, we investigate the ideological positioning of tweets related to the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election. To this end, we analyze 1,235 tweets from key political figures and 63,322 replies, and classify ideological stances into Pro-Democrat, Anti-Republican, Pro-Republican, Anti-Democrat, and Neutral categories. Using a classification pipeline involving three large language models (LLMs)-GPT-4o, Gemini-Pro, and Claude-Opus-and validated by human annotators, we explore how ideological alignment varies between candidates and constituents. We find that Republican candidates author significantly more tweets in criticism of the Democratic party and its candidates than vice versa, but this relationship does not hold for replies to candidate tweets. Furthermore, we highlight shifts in public discourse observed during key political events. By shedding light on the ideological dynamics of online political interactions, these results provide insights for policymakers and platforms seeking to address polarization and foster healthier political dialogue.

Jan Batzner, Volker Stocker, Stefan Schmid et al.

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly shaping citizens' information ecosystems. Products incorporating LLMs, such as chatbots and AI Companions, are now widely used for decision support and information retrieval, including in sensitive domains, raising concerns about hidden biases and growing potential to shape individual decisions and public opinion. This paper introduces GermanPartiesQA, a benchmark of 418 political statements from German Voting Advice Applications across 11 elections to evaluate six commercial LLMs. We evaluate their political alignment based on role-playing experiments with political personas. Our evaluation reveals three specific findings: (1) Factual limitations: LLMs show limited ability to accurately generate factual party positions, particularly for centrist parties. (2) Model-specific ideological alignment: We identify consistent alignment patterns and the degree of political steerability for each model across temperature settings and experiments. (3) Claim of sycophancy: While models adjust to political personas during role-play, we find this reflects persona-based steerability rather than the increasingly popular, yet contested concept of sycophancy. Our study contributes to evaluating the political alignment of closed-source LLMs that are increasingly embedded in electoral decision support tools and AI Companion chatbots.

Veronica Chatrath, Marcelo Lotif, Shaina Raza

Political misinformation poses significant challenges to democratic processes, shaping public opinion and trust in media. Manual fact-checking methods face issues of scalability and annotator bias, while machine learning models require large, costly labelled datasets. This study investigates the use of state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) as reliable annotators for detecting political factuality in news articles. Using open-source LLMs, we create a politically diverse dataset, labelled for bias through LLM-generated annotations. These annotations are validated by human experts and further evaluated by LLM-based judges to assess the accuracy and reliability of the annotations. Our approach offers a scalable and robust alternative to traditional fact-checking, enhancing transparency and public trust in media.

Viviana Borges Corte, Iris Moreira da Silva, Larissa Villa Dias et al.

Este relato de experiência apresenta o desenvolvimento e os resultados de uma atividade de extensão a partir de uma exposição itinerante de Biologia, cujo objetivo é discutir o potencial dela para a motivação dos estudantes da educação básica. A Mostra de Biologia é um projeto de popularização da ciência permanente no Espírito Santo, que, desde 2018, tem aproximado a população à ciência e à tecnologia produzidas dentro da Universidade. Tem seu alicerce teórico em Attico Chassot (2000; 2013), que foca em uma aprendizagem capaz de alfabetizar cientificamente, visando ao protagonismo e à autonomia dos estudantes, além de uma formação integral. As atividades percorrem diversos municípios do estado do Espírito Santo, ficando situadas em escolas ou praças, com linguagem acessível à população, para que estimulem a curiosidade e motivem as pessoas a discutir as implicações sociais da Ciência, além de aprofundar os conhecimentos delas acerca dos diversos campos da Ciência. O evento tem sido apoiado pelo Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI) e pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) desde a segunda edição, por meio dos editais SNCT 2019, 2020, 2021 e 2022 com resultados positivos no aumento do público atendido e no interesse pela ciência.

Kohei Nishi

There appears to be a dilemma between the freedom of expression and protection from the adverse effects of uncivil political expression online. While previous studies have revealed various factors that affect attitudes toward freedom of expression and speech restrictions, it is less clear whether people have intergroup biases when forming these attitudes. To address this gap, the present study conducted a pre-registered online survey experiment and investigated people's attitudes toward uncivil political expression by randomizing its in-group and out-group affiliations. The results revealed that people tend to perceive uncivil political expression directed from an out-group toward an in-group as more uncivil, compared to the expression originating from an in-group toward an out-group. This difference subsequently influences their inclination to endorse speech restrictions when faced with uncivil political comments: stronger support for restrictions on expressions from the out-group toward the in-group as opposed to those from the in-group toward the out-group. These findings should serve as a wake-up call to public opinion that advocates for restrictions on uncivil political expression.

Vera Sosnovik, Romaissa Kessi, Maximin Coavoux et al.

Online political advertising has become the cornerstone of political campaigns. The budget spent solely on political advertising in the U.S. has increased by more than 100% from \$700 million during the 2017-2018 U.S. election cycle to \$1.6 billion during the 2020 U.S. presidential elections. Naturally, the capacity offered by online platforms to micro-target ads with political content has been worrying lawmakers, journalists, and online platforms, especially after the 2016 U.S. presidential election, where Cambridge Analytica has targeted voters with political ads congruent with their personality To curb such risks, both online platforms and regulators (through the DSA act proposed by the European Commission) have agreed that researchers, journalists, and civil society need to be able to scrutinize the political ads running on large online platforms. Consequently, online platforms such as Meta and Google have implemented Ad Libraries that contain information about all political ads running on their platforms. This is the first step on a long path. Due to the volume of available data, it is impossible to go through these ads manually, and we now need automated methods and tools to assist in the scrutiny of political ads. In this paper, we focus on political ads that are related to policy. Understanding which policies politicians or organizations promote and to whom is essential in determining dishonest representations. This paper proposes automated methods based on pre-trained models to classify ads in 14 main policy groups identified by the Comparative Agenda Project (CAP). We discuss several inherent challenges that arise. Finally, we analyze policy-related ads featured on Meta platforms during the 2022 French presidential elections period.

Paulo Roberto Firmino Marques

Este texto busca discutir como o conceito de subjetividade geradora, proposto por Carvalho, Kohan e Gallo (2021), pode auxiliar na construção de ações político-pedagógicas para o enfrentamento da cultura do silêncio. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica composta pela leitura crítica do artigo “Paulo Freire e as subjetividades geradoras: um modo de vida filosófico para a educação contemporânea”, de 2021, auxiliada pela análise de obras de Paulo Freire. Os resultados indicam não só a importância do conceito criado pelo trio de autores para se construir ações educativas problematizadoras, mas, também, para analisar os resultados que elas produzem.

Monike Hellen de Oliveira, Ana Lívia de Oliveira

Reflexões teóricas sobre as práticas alimentares atuais e o uso de oficinas culinárias no processo de ensino-aprendizagem demonstram a importância da culinária como campo de prática para a promoção da troca de saberes, educação alimentar e nutricional, e inclusão produtiva. Desenvolver uma oficina culinária para incentivar a alimentação saudável e a emancipação social atende as necessidades do Brasil atual, em que as práticas culinárias são reduzidas, as escolhas alimentares priorizam preparações rápidas e palatáveis e a capacitação profissional representa uma estratégia de inclusão produtiva. Este trabalho relata a experiência de uma oficina culinária realizada por meio do projeto de extensão “Inclusão Produtiva através de oficinas culinárias em uma obra social do município de Juiz de Fora-MG”. A ação, com o tema Alimentação na fase adulta, foi destinada às mulheres frequentadoras da Obra Social. Foram utilizados o Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira e as dinâmicas de grupo como estratégias lúdico-pedagógicas e as participantes foram instrumentalizadas a confeccionarem uma salada no pote. Essa ação estimulou as integrantes a terem uma alimentação saudável e a se inserirem no mercado de trabalho. A culinária promove educação alimentar e nutricional e inclusão produtiva, pois valoriza a autonomia nas escolhas alimentares e a emancipação social.

Xiao Ao, Danae Sánchez Villegas, Daniel Preoţiuc-Pietro et al.

Parody is a figurative device used for mimicking entities for comedic or critical purposes. Parody is intentionally humorous and often involves sarcasm. This paper explores jointly modelling these figurative tropes with the goal of improving performance of political parody detection in tweets. To this end, we present a multi-encoder model that combines three parallel encoders to enrich parody-specific representations with humor and sarcasm information. Experiments on a publicly available data set of political parody tweets demonstrate that our approach outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods.

G. Nandakumar, N. Ryde, M. Montelius et al.

Phosphorus (P) is considered to be one of the key elements for life, making it an important element to look for in the abundance analysis of spectra of stellar systems. Yet, there exists only a handful of spectroscopic studies to estimate the P abundances and investigate its trend across a range of metallicities. We have observed full HK band spectra at a spectral resolving power of R=45,000 with IGRINS instrument. Abundances are determined using SME in combination with 1D MARCS stellar atmosphere models. The investigated sample of stars have reliable stellar parameters estimated using optical FIES spectra (GILD; Jönsson et al. in prep.). In order to determine the P abundances from the 16482.92 Angstrom P line, we take special care of the CO($ν=7-4$) blend. We determine the C, N, O abundances from atomic carbon and a range of non-blended molecular lines (CO, CN, OH) which are aplenty in the H band region of K giant stars, assuring an appropriate modelling of the blending CO($ν=7-4$) line. We present [P/Fe] vs [Fe/H] trend for 38 K giant stars in the metallicity range of -1.2 dex $<$ [Fe/H] $<$ 0.4 dex. We find that our trend matches well with the compiled literature sample of prominently dwarf stars and limited number of giant stars. Our trend is found to be higher by $\sim$ 0.05 - 0.1 dex compared to the theoretical chemical evolution trend in Cescutti et al. 2012 resulting from core collapse supernova (type II) of massive stars with the P yields from Kobayashi et al. (2006) arbitrarily increased by a factor of 2.75. Thus the enhancement factor might need to be $\sim$ 0.05 - 0.1 dex higher to match our trend. We also find an empirically determined primary behaviour for phosphorus. Furthermore, the phosphorus abundance is found to be elevated by $\sim$ 0.6 - 0.9 dex in two metal poor s-enriched stars compared to the theoretical chemical evolution trend.

Evandro Ricardo Guindani, Joel Felipe Guindani, Yáscara Michele Neves Koga et al.

Este texto apresenta uma experiência de produção de conteúdo educativo durante o período da pandemia COVID-19 que assola o nosso país desde 2020. A necessidade de um maior diálogo com os alunos e com a comunidade provocou a iniciativa da criação de novas estratégias comunicacionais. Partindo da concepção de educação popular, um grupo de professores(as) universitários e acadêmicos(as) criou o projeto Educação popular nas redes com o objetivo de produzir textos e vídeos reflexivos fundamentados em conceitos teóricos, porém de fácil compreensão para todas as pessoas. O projeto se concretizou por meio da produção e publicação de vídeos e textos para o YouTube, redes sociais (Facebook) e aplicativos de conversa (WhatsApp). Os resultados demonstraram que houve uma aceitação do público, e o material produzido consegue dialogar – por meio de conceitos científicos – com a comunidade que está fora do ambiente acadêmico.