Hasil untuk "Industry"

Abhijit Majumdar, Himanshu Garg, Rohan Jain

John Cassius Moreki, Shame Bhawa, Leungo P. Kamwanga et al.

Although quail farming is still in its infancy in Africa, it is commonly practiced in Asia, with China producing about 38% of global production. About 10% of the world’s egg production comes from quail, while their meat represents about 0.2% of the global poultry meat production. This review presents the status of quail farming in Africa and highlights the sub-sector’s challenges and opportunities. Quail farming is one of the least exploited poultry sub-sectors on the African continent; hence, there is limited production and consumption data. The consumption of quail meat and eggs is still low in Africa, but these have the potential to flourish as people become more aware of their nutritional and health benefits. As an evolving industry with great potential, quail farming faces many challenges, including a lack of access to markets, lack of access to credit, inadequate extension support, unavailability of specific quail feeds, and poor housing. Many opportunities exist in feed manufacturing, expanding existing hatcheries and establishing new ones, establishing breeding and rearing facilities, and further processing of quail meat and eggs. Some potential identified challenges include intensifying farmer education, forming cooperative societies to improve market access, developing support programs to encourage farmers to venture into quail farming, and investing in affordable and durable housing to mitigate theft, predation and escaping. We conclude that African governments should consider encouraging quail farming, as it has the potential to play an important role in income generation, job creation and food and nutrition security.

Vívian Terra de Azevedo Decúpero, Caroline Damascena Cardoso, Sarah Santos Gomes et al.

Introdução: As universidades públicas desempenham um papel fundamental na produção de conhecimento científico, e por meio da extensão universitária, conectam ensino e pesquisa às necessidades sociais. Nesse contexto, o curso de Farmácia do CCENS-UFES, em parceria com a escola EEEFM Sirena Rezende Fonseca, localizada no distrito de Celina (Alegre-ES), desenvolveu, com o apoio da FAPES, um projeto voltado para a capacitação e conscientização dos alunos do ensino médio sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST). A metodologia adotada integrou abordagens teóricas e práticas, com foco em ensaios imunodiagnósticos, permitindo aos estudantes uma aplicação real dos conhecimentos adquiridos. Um dos casos abordados durante o projeto envolveu a história fictícia de Gabriel, aluno do programa de iniciação científica Jr. Gabriel, ao aprender sobre as IST, foi capaz de reconhecer os sinais de uma possível infecção em seu irmão Henrique, que trabalha na roça. Henrique, ao notar uma lesão genital, procurou Gabriel em busca de ajuda. A partir do aprendizado sobre as IST, Gabriel suspeitou da infecção e sugeriu que seu irmão realizasse a bateria de testes rápidos no Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento de Alegre. O resultado positivo para sífilis evidenciou como a disseminação do conhecimento no âmbito escolar pode ter um impacto direto na saúde e bem-estar da comunidade. Além dessa aplicação prática, observou-se que, ao longo da experiência, muitos alunos demonstraram desconhecimento sobre IST, incluindo sinais, sintomas, modos de transmissão e formas de tratamento. No entanto, houve grande receptividade ao aprendizado, refletida na participação ativa nas atividades laboratoriais e discussões. A evolução na compreensão e na aplicação dos conceitos foi uma das conquistas mais significativas do projeto. Apesar do entusiasmo gerado nas atividades práticas, um dos desafios foi manter o interesse dos alunos durante as exposições teóricas. Para lidar com isso, foram inseridos casos cotidianos, como o mencionado acima, estruturados com narrativas interativas, nas quais os alunos contribuíam com suas próprias soluções para as situações apresentadas. Essa abordagem contribuiu para uma maior imersão no tema e facilitou a assimilação do conteúdo. O alcance do projeto foi limitado pelo número reduzido de alunos atendidos, o que comprometeu sua abrangência. Diante dos resultados, é clara a necessidade de investimentos públicos para ampliar iniciativas como o PICJr, possibilitando a inclusão de mais estudantes e a exploração de outras questões de saúde. A integração entre escolas, universidades e serviços de saúde é fundamental para fortalecer a educação em saúde e incentivar o ingresso no ensino superior, promovendo impactos positivos na formação dos alunos e na comunidade.

Guido Macas-Acosta, Jesús Estupiñán Ricardo, Arnaldo Vergara-Romero et al.

This article uses the Delphi and neutrosophic analytic hierarchy process (NAHP) and neutrosophic social choice theory (NSC). NAHP+NSC methodology is used to investigate the potential direct effects of a rise in the Value Added Tax (VAT) on company sales. The primary question is how a change in VAT may affect corporate activity; this is a simple enough question despite its weighty ramifications. Despite the large number of economic research, it seems that the literature has not yet gone into great length on how these particular techniques might provide an in-depth understanding of possible company responses to tax increases. It's interesting to note that the study not only closes a significant research gap, but also uses advanced approaches to examine the impact. Findings that would not have been reached by more conventional methods are achieved by combining the Delphi technique for expert viewpoints with NAHP+NSC for a more in-depth study. The results imply that, depending on a number of variables, including industry type and company size, a rise in VAT might have varying impacts on business sales. This research provides helpful tools for firms and politicians looking to adjust to possible changes in the tax environment, in addition to offering a fresh viewpoint on the topic of tax policy. In the end, the study broadens our theoretical knowledge and offers helpful advice for navigating the intricate realm of tax laws and their implications on the economy.

Maknunah Hilyatul, Wonorahardjo Surjani

Sensors play a crucial role in various fields by enabling the detection and analysis of a wide range of substances, including hazardous substance detection, environmental and food safety monitoring, pharmaceutical industry, gas analysis, and others. Research continues to identify and develop sensor matrix materials that can increase the sensitivity, selectivity and responsiveness of sensors. Silica, an oxide mineral is a potential matrix material for sensor applications because of its unique characteristics. It has a large pore structure and modifiable pore size distribution. Silica’s stable chemical properties, high-temperature resistance and corrosion resistance make it an ideal matrix material for a wide range of sensor applications. In recent years, silica cellulose also become a potential material for sensor applications. Silica cellulose is produced by combining silica with cellulose components from natural materials, such as rice husk ash, bamboo leaf ash, rice straw ash, and other plant fibers. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of various methods of synthesis and characterization of silica and silica cellulose materials. The methods include sol-gel, acid leaching, alkaline extraction, and other techniques for extracting cellulose from natural sources. In addition, sensor applications that have been tested using this material are also discussed, including its use in detecting molecular compounds, food and environmental applications. The development of silica and silica cellulose materials based on natural materials is considered because of their sustainability. By continuing to explore the potential of these materials, it is hoped that it can make a significant contribution in the development of sensor technology that is more innovative, environmentally friendly and sustainable.

Younggill Son, Woongchul Choi

With the global surge in electric vehicle (EV) deployment, driven by enhanced environmental regulations and efforts to reduce transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions, managing the life cycle of Li-ion batteries becomes more critical than ever. A crucial step for battery reuse or recycling is the precise estimation of static capacity at retirement. Traditional methods are time-consuming, often taking several hours. To address this issue, a machine learning-based approach is introduced to estimate the static capacity of retired batteries rapidly and accurately. Partial discharge data at a 1 C rate over durations of 6, 3, and 1 min were analyzed using a machine learning algorithm that effectively handles temporally evolving data. The estimation performance of the methodology was evaluated using the mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), and root mean squared error (RMSE). The results showed reliable and fairly accurate estimation performance, even with data from shorter partial discharge durations. For the one-minute discharge data, the maximum RMSE was 2.525%, the minimum was 1.239%, and the average error was 1.661%. These findings indicate the successful implementation of rapidly assessing the static capacity of EV batteries with minimal error, potentially revitalizing the retired battery recycling industry.

LIU Xiaoying, ZHANG Runfeng, PAN Yuxue, LI Huixue, SUN Yapeng, CHEN Shan

Curdlan has unique gel properties and special triple helix conformation, and curdlan gel has great application potential in the fields of food and biomedicine because of its water-retention capacity, thickening capacity, film-forming capacity, freeze-thaw stability, pH stability. Curdlan hydrogels with physicochemical properties and application fields can be prepared by different methods. In addition, combination with other substances can improve gel properties and impart unique functional properties to hydrogels. In this paper, the preparation methods, gel properties, and gelation mechanism of curdlan hydrogels, as well as recent progress in research on curdlan-based composite hydrogels are reviewed. Meanwhile, an overview of the application of curdlan-based hydrogels in food and biomedical fields is provided. This review is expected to provide a reference for further research and application of curdlan-based hydrogels.

Wan-Li Lao, Liang Chang, Xin-Fang Duan

Abstract Quantifying carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from China’s wood and bamboo processing industry is associated with China’s emissions reduction targets, as well as mitigating global climate change. This study employed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier-2 methodology to investigate spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of carbon dioxide emission from the wood and bamboo processing industry in China from 2000 to 2019. The results showed that energy consumption reached a maximum value of 312,900.35 TJ in 2012. Energy consumption has been gradually transformed from raw coal to electricity and other clean energy. Energy intensity dropped from 1.39 TJ per million yuan of corrected production value in 2000 to 0.15 TJ per million yuan of corrected production value in 2019. Accordingly, CO2 emissions reached their peak value of 31,148.1 thousand tons of CO2 in 2012. Raw coal and electricity had profound impacts on CO2 emissions. The CO2 emission intensity declined from 140.04 tons CO2 per million yuan of corrected production value in 2000 to 19.62 tons CO2 per million yuan of corrected production value in 2019. We conclude that China’s wood and bamboo processing sector is a green, low-carbon industry. The spatial distribution pattern of CO2 emissions is highly consistent with the industrial spatial layout. Furthermore, several mitigation paths were put forward.

Jingwei Li, Min He, Xiuhong Xu et al.

Shipping of in vitro micro-cuttings in tubes or jars is a frequently used method as the plants are more likely to quickly reproduce and comply with quarantine regulations in plant germplasm distribution. However, these containers are fragile during transportation. To diminish the risk associated with the long-distance shipping of in vitro plants, a safe and widely applicable packing and conservation technique based on microplate and slow growth was developed in this study. Potato cultivar ZHB and ginger cultivar G-2 were used to optimize the system with microplates (96 wells), vacuum-sealed packaging, and slow-growth techniques. Under regular culture conditions, packing in vacuum-sealed microplates reduced the survival of ZHB and G-2 micro-cuttings to 85.8% and 20.0%, respectively, and regeneration to 61.8% and 0%, respectively. Reducing the temperature to 10 °C maintained the survival of ZHB and G-2 micro-cuttings in the range of 83.3–100% after 60 days. Exposure to darkness decreased the survival of G-2 and inhibited regrowth. Thus, conservation in darkness at 10 °C is suggested. The effects of iron concentration and plant growth retardants were further assessed. The addition of 1/4 MS medium combined with 100 mg/L chlormequat chloride (CCC) resulted in full survival and growth inhibition of plantlets, without malformation identified. Finally, incubation with 1/4 MS medium supplemented with 100 mg/L CCC in vacuum-sealed microplates at 10 °C in the dark resulted in high survival and suppressed germination. Sweet potato HXS was incubated as well to test the broad-spectrum applications of the technique; 100% survival and 6.7% germination was gained. Morphological indices of released cuttings recovered to control levels after two cycles of subculture in MS medium. A 0.1–0.2% genetic variation was detected by SSR and ISSR, suggesting genetic stability of the conserved samples. Finally, micro-cuttings were safely transported to cities located thousands of kilometers away without package and sample damage. Our results enable easy distribution of in vitro plant germplasms.

Qiqi Shi, Congshan Liu, Lele Huo et al.

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by infection with the larvae of <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i>, is a neglected tropical disease and zoonosis that causes remarkable morbidity in humans and has economic importance in the livestock industry worldwide. The growth of this parasite resembles the invasion and proliferation of malignant tumours. Microtubules, especially the β-tubulin subunit in the exposed end, are the targets of many antitumour drugs. However, the role of TUBB3, which is the most studied isotype in solid tumours and is also a marker of biological aggressiveness associated with the modulation of tumour metastatic abilities in the growth and development of platyhelminths, is unknown. In this study, protoscoleces (PSCs) are cultivated in monophasic medium in vitro. Using electroporated short interfering RNA (siRNA), EmTUBB3 knockdown was performed with two EmTUBB3-specific siRNAs (siRNA-1 and siRNA-2). qRT–PCR was performed to detect the expression of TUBB3. PSCs viability and the evagination rate and number of body contractions were quantified under a light microscope. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the ultra-morphological changes of the parasites. After siRNA interference, the EmTUBB3 expression in <i>E. multilocularis</i> PSCs was significantly reduced. Reduced viability, a decreased evagination rate and a decreased number of body contractions were also documented. In particular, shrinkage and roughness of the tegument were observed. Ultrastructural changes included marked damage to flame cells, cracked cilia structures enclosed in the cell body and ruptured microtubule structures. EmTUBB3 possibly plays a crucial role in tegument and flame cell integrity in <i>E. multilocularis</i> PSCs. Novel drugs targeting this specific beta-tubulin isotype in <i>E. multilocularis</i> are potential methods for disease control and deserve further attention.

Didem Gürdür, Jad El-khoury, Martin Törngren

Biyan Wen, Xiaoman Zhou, Yaou Hu et al.

High turnover rate represents one of the most significant challenges the hotel industry faces. High turnover rates mean labor shortages, resulting in high costs of recruiting, staffing and training. Turnover also has a negative impact on service quality. Scholars continue to search for the root causes of turnover and propose solutions. To further understand employees’ turnover intention, this study reveals the role of stress on hotel front-line employees’ turnover intention through the mediation of burnout. Moreover, the study examines the moderating effect of service climate on the underlying mechanism that links role stress with turnover intention. Using a sample of 583 questionnaires from front-line hotel employees in South China, this study reveals that role stress as a four-dimensional construct (i.e., conflict, ambiguity, qualitative overload and quantitative overload) has a statistically significant impact on burnout, which leads to turnover intention. Burnout completely mediates the relationship between role stress and turnover intention, that is, employees under role stress do not resign immediately unless they experience high levels of burnout. In addition, service climate moderates the influence of role stress on burnout, suggesting a moderated mediation relationship. The study contributes to the organizational management literature by confirming the four dimensions of role stress and demonstrating how role stress impacts employees’ turnover intention. Furthermore, the critical effect of service climate is further investigated. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed based on the findings. the study also investigates the moderating effect of service climate on role stress (challenge-hindrance stressors) and burnout.

Xiaoke He, Yingchong Zhang, Chuan Wang et al.

The numerical method on a double-channel sewage pump was studied, while the corresponding experimental result was also provided. On this basis, the influence of wall roughness on the pump performance was deeply studied. The results showed that there was a critical value of wall roughness. When the wall roughness was less than the critical value, it had a great influence on the pump performance, including the head, efficiency, and shaft power. As the wall roughness increased, the head and efficiency were continuously reduced, while the shaft power was continuously increased. Otherwise, the opposite was true. The effect of wall roughness on the head and hydraulic loss power was much smaller than that on the efficiency and disk friction loss power, respectively. With the increase of wall roughness, mechanical efficiency and hydraulic efficiency reduced constantly, leading to the decrement of the total efficiency. With the increase of flow rate, the effect of wall roughness on the head and efficiency gradually increased, while the influence on the leakage continuously reduced. The influence of the flow-through component roughness on the pump performance was interactive.

M.A. Sattari, N. Korani, R. Hanus et al.

Measuring volume fractions and identifying the flow regime are important challenges in the oil industry. In the present study, three different flow regimes were simulated by MCNPX code. A 137Cs source and two NaI detectors have been used in order to count the transmitted photons. The counted data had high-frequency noises. In order to tackle this problem, a Savitzky-Golay filter was applied. Therefore, four features in the time domain including STD, Skewness, Kurtosis, and Maximum Value were extracted. It was found that the extracted features are not capable of separating the flow regimes completely, without overlap. Accordingly, three different features from registered data of both detectors were extracted. After investigating all the possible statues, two ANNs were implemented to identify the flow regimes and predict the void fraction, respectively. By applying this method, all the three flow regimes were correctly distinguished and void fraction was predicted with root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 0.59.

Alor Johnny, Alfaro Juan, Rodríguez José et al.

Currently, buildings are on the rise, which causes significant environmental pollution due to the lack of controlled landfills to deposit solid construction wast; an alternative solution is to recycle this waste produced by the construction and or demolition of concrete elements structural, and use them as coarse aggregate in the manufacture of concrete. On the other hand, the metalworking industry uses iron and steel as primary inputs, which are the main components of industrial waste, with its generation sources being industrial plants and manufacturing workshops for small and medium enterprises; a solution to this problem is to use your waste as a fine aggregate in the production of concrete due to its good properties. These solution alternatives preserve natural resources and promote their sustainability. The research work developed focuses on the use of structural concrete and steel waste to reduce its amount of waste and it is proposed to add it to the concrete. The results show that the addition of steel chips in concrete compared to standard concrete results in reduced slump, increased unit weight and contributes to the improvement of compressive strength, tcylinder splitting tensile strength and flexural strength.

Younes Goli, sohrab delangizan, Ali Falahati

The Inequality of production efficiency is one of the main factors contributing to inequalities in economic growth among different regions. This study examines the factors affecting production efficiency by using province-level data for the period 2006-2015 by applying spatial Tobit model and translog production function approach. Results show that Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Khorasan Razavi Provinces, have the highest and lowest efficiency 0.63 and 0.09 respectively. Also, the results of spatial Tobit model estimation show that industrialization with a coefficient of 0.0018 has a positive and significant effect and increase of ratio of credits to production with a coefficient of 0.0013 has a negative and significant effect on the production efficiency of provinces. In addition, the spillover effects of industrialization and the ratio of credits are -0.0104 and 0.0042 respectively. Therefore basic development of industry and allocation of resource on the relative advantage is one of the most important factors for improving the production efficiency and increasing economic growth.

I. Borisova, V. Reshota, Z. Nikolishin

Disability is a social phenomenon that can not be ruled out by any society. The potential of society in combating the growth of disability – as a social evil – is determined not only by the degree of understanding of this problem but mainly by economic resources. The risk of developing oc­cupational diseases in the coal industry is 5-10 times higher than in other branches of industry. In Ukraine, about 3 million people work under the harmful conditions of production, 60.0% of them are miners. The study analyzed the dy­namics of disability as a result of occupational diseases in the Lviv region for the period 2015-2017. The results of the study prove that the disability indicators due to occupational diseases tend to grow. The ways to overcome this unfa­vorable tendency should be state measures on improvement of normative and legal documents, coherence between dif­ferent state institutions and strengthening effective state control over hygiene norms in industries with harmful factors.

Evelyn Angiji, Paul Ebusu

Background and challenges to implementation Uganda Cancer Society's (UCS) purpose is to coordinate civil society efforts for a systematic contribution towards effective cancer control in Uganda. UCS is moving towards fully integrating tobacco control in it activities. Globally tobacco is responsible for 20% of all cancer deaths. UCS recognizes that Uganda´s Tobacco Control Act does not include tobacco taxation in its provisions yet high tobacco tax is proven as the most effective measure for demand reduction. UCS is aware that tobacco industry is heavily interfering with tobacco control in Uganda and has taken government to court challenging the Tobacco Control Act. Therefore, UCS is building strategic partnerships to foster local efforts in trying to push for higher tobacco taxes and stronger industry monitoring. UCS has joined the Prevent20 global coalition of cancer organisations (wecanprevent20.org) and built partnership with Africa Centre for Tobacco Industry Monitoring and Policy Research (ATIM - www.atim.co.za). Intervention or response UCS approaches its advocacy through the Power Prism framework utilizing the six power tools. UCS media advocacy looks at engaging the public through opinion pieces published on local media and posted on social media platforms as a way to get government attention. UCS currently monitors industry interference through media surveillance geared towards understanding the nature and focus of tobacco related content. Results and lessons learnt UCS recent opinion piece on New Vision - “Tobacco's cost to our country”, as of 21st July, 2017 reached 10,057 views, generating over 30 reactions including shares, and over 200 clicks. Preliminary assessment of media posts indicates that a majority of media content favors the tobacco industry and most of it is in line with legislative interference. Conclusions and key recommendations UCS believes that its efforts will push government to adopt higher tobacco taxes and establish mechanisms such as a strict code of conduct to deter government officials from working with tobacco industry.

Oswald Mhlanga

Deregulation of air transport has had major global impacts on the domestic air transport markets, with effects ranging from stimulation to changes in the structure and functioning of these markets. In South Africa, deregulation has had wide-reaching effects on the domestic market. The purpose of this article was to investigate the impacts of deregulation on the airline industry in South Africa. A literature review was performed to examine the effects of deregulation in the domestic air transport market in South Africa. The study showed that deregulation has benefited passengers by including a wider variety of airlines to choose from and more frequencies throughout the day, making connecting flights to hubs more accessible. However, deregulation has also resulted in the entry of a lot of LCCs which has resulted in overcapacity in the South African domestic market and negatively affected the performance of airlines. Although deregulation broke the monopoly held by the state-owned carrier and reduced its market share, state-funded support for SAA is seen by many to have skewed the market and to have provided the airline with a competitive advantage. Partial and selective deregulation, designed to maintain the protection of national carriers, represents a considerable threat to private operators, thereby rendering the aviation business unprofitable, something that stifles the region’s tourism prospects.

Javed Iqbal Wattoo, Muhammad Zafar Saleem, Muhammad Saqib Shahzad et al.

Background: DNA barcoding is a novel method of species identification based on nucleotide diversity of conserved sequences. The establishment and refining of plant DNA barcoding systems is more challenging due to high genetic diversity among different species. Therefore, targeting the conserved nuclear transcribed regions would be more reliable for plant scientists to reveal genetic diversity, species discrimination and phylogeny. Methods: In this study, we amplified and sequenced the chloroplast DNA regions (matk+rbcl) of Solanum nigrum, Euphorbia helioscopia and Dalbergia sissoo to study the functional annotation, homology modeling and sequence analysis to allow a more efficient utilization of these sequences among different plant species. These three species represent three families; Solanaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae respectively. Biological sequence homology and divergence of amplified sequences was studied using Basic Local Alignment Tool (BLAST). Results: Both primers (matk+rbcl) showed good amplification in three species. The sequenced regions reveled conserved genome information for future identification of different medicinal plants belonging to these species. The amplified conserved barcodes revealed different levels of biological homology after sequence analysis. The results clearly showed that the use of these conserved DNA sequences as barcode primers would be an accurate way for species identification and discrimination. Conclusion: The amplification and sequencing of conserved genome regions identified a novel sequence of matK in native species of Solanum nigrum. The findings of the study would be applicable in medicinal industry to establish DNA based identification of different medicinal plant species to monitor adulteration.