Hasil untuk "Industries. Land use. Labor"

Hassan Al Garni, Arunachalam Sundaram, Anjali Awasthi et al.

A major design challenge for a grid-integrated photovoltaic power plant is to generate maximum power under varying loads, irradiance, and outdoor climatic conditions using competitive algorithm-based controllers. The objective of this study is to review experimentally validated advanced maximum power point tracking algorithms for enhancing power generation. A comprehensive analysis of 14 of the most advanced metaheuristics and 17 hybrid homogeneous and heterogeneous metaheuristic techniques is carried out, along with a comparison of algorithm complexity, maximum power point tracking capability, tracking frequency, accuracy, and maximum power extracted from PV systems. The results show that maximum power point tracking controllers mostly use conventional algorithms; however, metaheuristic algorithms and their hybrid variants are found to be superior to conventional techniques under varying environmental conditions. The Grey Wolf Optimization, in combination with Perturb & Observe, and Jaya-Differential Evolution, is found to be the most competitive technique. The study shows that standard testing and evaluation procedures can be further developed for comparing metaheuristic algorithms and their hybrid variants for developing advanced maximum power point tracking controllers. The identified algorithms are found to enhance power generation by grid-integrated commercial solar power plants. The results are of importance to the solar industry and researchers worldwide.

R. Popa, A. Bălăcescu, L. Popescu

The interest of the countries with traditions of walnut cultivation to increase the quantity and quality of walnut production is due to the fact that the organic cultivation of walnut is a sustainable business, with an ecological, economic and social impact. The walnut plant (Juglans regia) is a resource for food, dermatocosmetic and phytotherapeutic products, is raw material in the wood industry and a source of biomass. It is a species suitable for organic farming, with no chemical factors input (in line with the EU program to reduce pesticide use and fuel consumption by 35% in the context of the current energy crisis), and has properties of atmosphere purification and air-conditioning. Due to the creation of varieties with high production potential, suitable for cultivation in intensive and super-intensive plantations and also due to the government financial support, walnut plantations can contribute to the development of new valorization directions for the obtained production, by processing fruits and other vegetative organs (green nuts, green and dried shells, foliage, timber) with significant profits. In order to establish and capitalize on a walnut plantation in the pedological and climatic conditions of Romania, pedological studies, worthiness and pedoclimatic studies were carried out in the depression area of Gorj County and show the stages of cultivation technology in intensive and super-intensive systems. The sustainability and economic efficiency of setting up organic walnut cultivation has been highlighted in view of the costs for agrotechnical works, labor and material expenses. According to the analysis of the efficiency indicators, it has been shown that the establishment of an ecological walnut orchard, on an area of 1 ha, in Gorj County, Romania, is a sustainable, appropriate and opportune investment, in terms of capitalizing on the agricultural potential of the land, environmental protection and with social and economic impact.

A. Makhrova, T. Nefedova, A. Treivish

N. N. Shelomentseva, O. V. Grushina, T. A. Krasnoshtanova

In the present paper, the consequences of the introduction of project financing against the backdrop of crises in 2020 and 2022 are analyzed. The subject interactions in the course of housing construction under the conditions of project financing are considered. A multi-criteria economic-mathematical model for the interest coordination of economic subjects in housing construction has been proposed. The model permits to understand and evaluate the economic consequences of choosing the possible options from the standpoint of each of the economic subjectss. The numerical calculations of choosing two (in pairs), and all three (developer, bank and consumer) economic subjects were performed using the proposed multi-criteria model with the stated limitations. The MATLAB software was employed to solve optimization problems and plotting. The solutions acceptable to the subjects were chosen from a set of Pareto-optimal alternatives. Despite the fact that all subjects of housing construction are involved in the interaction, this interaction does not occur simultaneously, but in a complex subordinate manner: the bank took the dictating position in project financing, and the consumer pays for everything. The state should play a role of the subject, which should coordinate the interests of the developer, the bank and the population. The task of the state is to create such conditions in the housing construction market so that economic subjects are interested in coordination of their interests to find a compromise. This opens routes for further research.

Françis Ngolsou, Eya’ane Meva François, Mésodé Nnangé Akweh et al.

Introduction : Les nanotechnologies sont de nos jours une science qui prend une grande importance en raison de leur simplicité, de leur nature écologique et économique. L’objectif de ce travail consistait à évaluer l’effet anti-inflammatoire des nanoparticules obtenues par biosynthèse in situ à partir de la poudre des feuilles de Psychotria calceata. Matériel et méthodes : La synthèse des nanomatériaux s’est faite à partir d’un infusé de la poudre des feuilles de Psychotria calceata auquel a été ajouté une solution de nitrate d’argent. Les nanoparticules obtenues ont été caractérisées après changement de coloration visuel, au spectrophotomètre d’absorption UV-Vis entre 380 et 550nm. Cette caractérisation consistait à observer la formation des nanoparticules à partir de l'apparition de la résonance plasmonique de surface et d’apprécier leur stabilité. La toxicité orale aiguë des nanoparticules a été réalisée sur des rats Wistar selon le protocole décrit par la ligne directrice 423 (2001) de l'Organisation de Coopération et de Développement économique (OCDE). Un modèle d'œdème plantaire de la patte de rat induit par la carraghénine a été utilisé pour évaluer l’activité anti-inflammatoire de ces nanoparticules et des coupes histologiques ont été réalisées sur le foie, la rate, le cœur et les reins. Résultats et Discussion : Le criblage phytochimique de l'extrait aqueux de Psychotria calceata a révélé la présence d'alcaloïdes, phénols, polyphénols, tanins, saponines, flavonoïdes, triterpènes et stéroïdes. Le pic de résonance plasmonique de surface dans le spectre UV-Vis montre des spectres d'absorption compris entre 380 et 500 nm caractéristique de la présence des particules de taille nanométrique. Leur profil toxicologique a montré une DL50 > 2000mg/kg. A la dose de 400µg, les nanoparticules ont montré une diminution significative à p<0,01, trois heures après l'administration des nanoparticules. Conclusion : Les nanoparticules d'argent peuvent agir comme agents réducteurs/inhibiteurs de la libération des médiateurs inflammatoires aigus. Par conséquent, ce travail a clairement démontré que les nanoparticules d'argent de Psychotria calceata pourraient être considérées comme une source potentielle de médicaments anti-inflammatoires.

Aanis Ahmad, Dharmendra Saraswat, Aly El Gamal

Several factors associated with disease diagnosis in plants using deep learning techniques must be considered to develop a robust system for accurate disease management. A considerable number of studies have investigated the potential of deep learning techniques for precision agriculture in the last decade. However, despite the range of applications, several gaps within plant disease research are yet to be addressed to support disease management on farms. Thus, there is a need to establish a knowledge base of existing applications and identify the challenges and opportunities to help advance the development of tools that address farmers' needs. This study presents a comprehensive overview of 70 studies on deep learning applications and the trends associated with their use for disease diagnosis and management in agriculture. The studies were sourced from four indexing services, namely Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, and 11 main keywords used were Plant Diseases, Precision Agriculture, Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), Imagery Datasets, Image Processing, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Transfer Learning, Image Classification, Object Detection, and Semantic Segmentation. The review is focused on providing a detailed assessment and considerations for developing deep learning-based tools for plant disease diagnosis in the form of seven key questions pertaining to (i) dataset requirements, availability, and usability, (ii) imaging sensors and data collection platforms, (iii) deep learning techniques, (iv) generalization of deep learning models, (v) disease severity estimation, (vi) deep learning and human accuracy comparison, and (vii) open research topics. These questions can help address existing research gaps by guiding further development and application of tools to support plant disease diagnosis and provide disease management support to farmers.

Jian-ru Tian, Sui Zeng, Jian Zeng et al.

Rapid urban expansion has strongly impacted rural development in China’s suburbs. The increasing probability of socio-ecosystem hazards, such as the shrinking and fragmentation of ecological space, the outflow of labor force, the disintegration of traditional society, and the decline in collective economy has become a systemic risk restricting the sustainable development of rural areas in the suburbs. At present, the influence of urban expansion on rural systemic risk in the suburbs is not clear, which is not conducive to putting forward differentiated and targeted strategies for rural revitalization. Therefore, in this study, we propose the ecological, industrial, social, and livelihood elements of rural systemic risk in the suburbs and construct a multi-dimensional risk resistance analysis framework involving functionality, stability, and sustainability. Taking 93 villages in the western suburbs of Tianjin as an example, and using spatial econometric methods such as remote sensing interpretation, GIS analysis, multiple linear regression, and random forest model testing, we analyze the relationship between external transportation construction, urban employment attraction, construction of land growth, rural risk factors, and the dimension of risk resistance. Finally, the influence of urban expansion on the spatial–temporal differentiation of rural systemic risk and the risk management strategy are discussed. The results show that the difference in the urban expansion intensities is the main factor of the spatial differentiation of rural systemic risk in the suburbs. With the acceleration of the land replacement rate between urban and rural areas, the proportion of urban construction of land is increasing, leading to various degrees of change in the rural land use pattern and the ecological security pattern. Meanwhile, because of the urban employment attraction, part of the rural labor force continues to decrease, leading to the spatial differentiation of rural industrial risks and social risks aggravated. Precise risk management strategies are put forward according to the systemic risks in different types of villages. In villages with a high proportion of urban construction land and inefficient land consolidation, ecological restoration projects should be carried out. For villages severely divided by transit roads, internal spatial connections should be strengthened by constructing public transport. For villages with good accessibility, the allocation of rural non-agricultural industries and service facilities should be strengthened to mitigate the impact of urban expansion on the rural social structure. From the perspective of risk management, the research results will provide a basis for making decisions regarding rural public policymaking and spatial resource allocation in the suburbs of developing countries.

A.A.A. Wulandira Sawitri Djelantik, I. Sudarma, I. G. B. Dera Setiawan

Land had important value in development in developing countries. Agriculture, housing, industry, tourism, services required land to carry out their development. The area of land that tended to remain followed by the increasing demand for land needs caused the transfer of agricultural land functions, especially rice fields. The purpose of this studies were to find out the causal factors, impacts caused and control strategies for the transfer of rice field functions in Kediri District of Tabanan Regency. The data used is qualitative and quantitative data sourced from primary and secondary data through questionnaires and interviews using ISM analysis. The results showed that the rice field tax, scarcity of production advice, selling prices and land leases, production costs and labor scarcity, family participation, health, number of dependents, land regeneration, pests, diseases, tourism growth and housing needs were factors causing the transfer of land functions. Environmental impacts on the transfer of land functions included irrigation water pollution, rat pests, reduced groundwater absorption, biodiversity and green open space. Short-term strategy of controlling land transfer functions by tightening the rules of selling and renting rice fields. Medium-term strategy by motivating young people to jump into agriculture and long-term strategy by checking the health and distribution of saprodi at saprodi sales stores.Land had important value in development in developing countries. Agriculture, housing, industry, tourism, services required land to carry out their development. The area of land that tended to remain followed by the increasing demand for land needs caused the transfer of agricultural land functions, especially rice fields. The purpose of this studies were to find out the causal factors, impacts caused and control strategies for the transfer of rice field functions in Kediri District of Tabanan Regency. The data used is qualitative and quantitative data sourced from primary and secondary data through questionnaires and interviews using ISM analysis. The results showed that the rice field tax, scarcity of production advice, selling prices and land leases, production costs and labor scarcity, family participation, health, number of dependents, land regeneration, pests, diseases, tourism growth and housing needs were factors causing the transfer of land functions. Environmental impacts on the transfer of land functions included irrigation water pollution, rat pests, reduced groundwater absorption, biodiversity and green open space. Short-term strategy of controlling land transfer functions by tightening the rules of selling and renting rice fields. Medium-term strategy by motivating young people to jump into agriculture and long-term strategy by checking the health and distribution of saprodi at saprodi sales stores.

Christopher Dillis, E. Biber, H. Bodwitch et al.

Abstract The cannabis industry in California is attempting to transition from an international epicenter of unpermitted production to one of the world’s largest legal markets. This formalization process will likely establish new centers of production outside the state’s historical cannabis-producing regions, with implications for local communities and the environment. In this paper we analyzed how cultivation regulations and land characteristics correlate with the geographical development of permitted cannabis production centers in California. We used permit data from the first two years of California’s statewide cannabis regulatory program to document geographic variation in cannabis production and farm characteristics (prevalence of onsite residence, non-landowner farming, county zoning classifications, size of cultivation area). We also used multilevel regression models to analyze whether geospatial characteristics likely to be relevant to environmental regulations (size of parcel, average slope of parcel, density of stream network, land cover type) were associated with farm size (cultivation area) or the likelihood of a parcel being enrolled in the state program. We found that a small number of large farms represented the majority of the permitted cultivation area, with the top 10% of largest farms comprising 60% of total cultivated area statewide. The counties with the most growth in permitted cannabis cultivation area also had the highest rates of tenant (non-landowner) farming and lowest proportions of farms with permanent onsite residency. Farms in these counties were almost exclusively sited on parcels zoned for agriculture. On a statewide scale, parcel size was a reliably positive predictor of enrollment, while average slope and stream network density had reliably negative effects. The same relationships held in predicting cultivation area, together suggesting that the development of the newly-formalized cannabis industry in California may be responsive to environmental regulation. Our results suggest two divergent paths of industry development: one in which smaller farms, which often pre-date legalization, navigate regulations in more remote and rugged regions and a second comprising large farms, which are often newer and operate in areas more favorable to meeting environmental requirements of state and county policies.

Tiantian Zhang, Ken’ichi Matsumoto, Kei Nakagawa

Within China’s renewable energy industry, the importance of the solar photovoltaic industry has been increasingly recognized. Many Chinese provinces have adopted various measures to develop the solar photovoltaic industry. This study used the diamond model and the analytic hierarchy process to clarify the relative importance of the determinants of the development of the solar photovoltaic industry. A total of 22 determinants in six categories (i.e., factor condition; demand condition; firm strategy, structure, and rivalry; related and support industries; government; and chance) were analyzed. The results show that besides factor condition, demand condition and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry have also had a strong influence on the development of China’s photovoltaic industry. The findings also indicate that some traditional factors, such as labor costs and acquiring land, are very important to the development of the solar photovoltaic industry. The relative importance of the determinants clarified through this study provides a standard for the actions of policymakers and decision makers.

S. Phimmavong, T. Maraseni, R. Keenan et al.

Abstract Global demand for forest products is increasing and plantation forests are supplying a growing proportion of wood to industry. Plantation expansion has however slowed and the location and management of plantations to meet future timber needs is uncertain. In South East Asia, population pressure and land tenure arrangements will challenge broad scale plantation establishment. Companies and government are looking to plantation models that integrate local community or conservation needs but there has been little financial analysis of integrated production systems that can inform investment decisions by corporations or smallholder tree growers. Lao PDR has at least four million hectares of degraded forest land that could potentially be used for production and conservation purposes. The Lao 2020 Forestry Strategy aims to increase forest cover across the country, particularly on degraded lands, to enhance rural livelihoods and natural capital. This includes the most recent target of 1.2 million ha. The strategy envisaged that, in part, forest cover would be increased through the establishment of commercial tree plantations by local farmers, and by domestic and foreign investors, to provide wood exports and domestic timber products. Realising this target has been challenging. Foreign investors have been allocated concessions but have not been able to achieve area targets due to community resistance. There is a need to explore timber production investment models that engage local growers and address community needs for food, but there has been little analysis of these integrated approaches. This paper presents financial analyses of three plantation models: a ‘collaborative investment model’ with Eucalyptus intercropped with rice by landholders for the first year of the rotation, Eucalyptus intercropped with cassava by the forestry company, and a Eucalyptus monoculture. Results indicated that all models were highly profitable with positive NPV under a 12% interest rate, and Internal Rates of Return (IRR) ranging from 17% to 20%. The Eucalyptus -rice model generated the highest returns, with 21% of the NPV going to the local rice farmer. Eucalyptus monoculture was more profitable than when intercropped with cassava. Results are compared with those from other plantations in the region. Adoption of timber plantation models that integrate local food production can avoid potential conflicts over land allocation for plantations, build local engagement and support enhanced food security. The implications for forest and land use policy in Lao PDR are discussed.

Fu Wei

Rural industry provides an important basis for rural revitalization, and its development can promote urban-rural integration. Rural China has long had complex and diverse rural industries whose existence and development is founded on rural society. Complex and varied rural industries have long existed in rural China, where local society provides the social foundation for their existence and development. One example is the processing of supplied materials or putting-out system (lailiao jiagong 来 料 加 工 ) in remote rural areas under the jurisdiction of City L, Zhejiang. In recent years, industries in the developed areas of Zhejiang have expanded to remote villages through processing to order, driving the growth of rural industries in remote areas. The processing of supplied materials is a link in the global production chain. Flexible decentralized processing links surplus rural labor in remote areas to the vast global market. The industry’s production process is deeply embedded in local society; interpersonal relationships and social ethics facilitate production management, forming a social foundation for the development of rural industry. Social ethics in these areas takes the particular operational form of sensitive cultivation of personal relationships or “human feelings.” The processing of supplied materials has shaped the distinctive character of rural development and provides a route for social transformation. To implement the strategy of rural revitalization, besides provision of land, finance and industrial policy, China needs to handle the social foundation of rural areas rationally, make full use of rural social resources and stimulate endogenous motivation in rural society.

M. Anam, S. Suhartini

The purpose of this study was to investigate technical, allocative, cost and scale efficiency of palm oil companies in Indonesia. The data used cross sectional data on Indonesian Manufacturing Industries that were collected in the annual surveys by Indonesia’s Central of Statistics/BPS for 2015 which is registered under KBLI code 10431. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric method in operations research and economics for the estimation of production frontiers. It is used to empirically measure productive efficiency of decision making units (DMUs). The input of the palm oil production system are capital, labor, materials, land and energy. While output include industrial product in terms of CPO/PKO and biogas. The finding shows that Riau Island, North Sulawesi and Papua have high score of efficiency in terms of TE, AE, CE and SE, while West Java and Banten province at low level in terms of cost and allocative efficiency. Nevertheless, on nationwide the score of allocative and cost efficiency still low. Hence, all the input efficiencies still need to be improved, and also reduce cost of production. Beside that, the companies should make an improvement by enhancing management capabilities and improving allocation efficiency.

Mangirdas Morkunas, Elzė Rudienė

The present paper studies the importance of social servicescape factors to customer satisfaction in middle-priced restaurant services. This paper fills the existing literature gap on the importance of social servicescape factors onto customers’ satisfaction in middle-priced services. A survey of 514 respondents from three capitals of the Baltic States was conducted for the purpose of the present study. Descriptive statistics together with an independent samples <i>t</i>-test and partial least squares path analysis were employed for data processing. The results obtained confirmed the hypothesis about the importance of social servicescape attributes to customer satisfaction. The study also highlighted the difference in gender attitudes towards intangible aspects of service delivery. The research confirmed the existence of a relationship between customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions, although to a lesser extent than could have been anticipated from the literature review. The findings of the study covered by the present paper allow us to position middle-priced restaurants closer to luxury ones compared to casual restaurants

Francisco Carlos Oliveira de Sousa

Propomo-nos analisar a formação da rede federal de educação profissional industrial no Brasil. A análise das fontes apoia-se nos referenciais propostos por Magalhães (2004), Nosella e Buffa (2007), segundo os quais compreender a genealogia de uma instituição educativa pressupõe relacionar a sua função social com o contexto no qual está inserida. Criada em 1909, a rede escolar analisada objetivou, sob a crença no industrialismo, a formação profissional para desvalidos da sorte. Em síntese, a investigação evidenciou os limites dessa proposta em uma sociedade de incipiente industrialização.

Gelmar García-Vidal, Laritza Guzmán-Vilar, Alexander Sánchez-Rodríguez et al.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have to face the time post COVID-19. The pandemic impacted the SMEs with great force worsening the well-known situation of lack of resources and its tendency to disappear in the very early years of existence. This systemic crisis jeopardizes SMEs in many ways and it is necessary to find ways to emerge and survive from this crisis. This manuscript conducts a literature study on more than 100 manuscripts that present recommendations from McKinsey & Company for SMEs to face post-pandemic time. Through the application of the entropy-weight coefficient method this paper finds priorities from Ecuadorian SMEs out of essential elements proposed at the literature review, to introducing at the managing process to face post COVID-19 era.

Alireza Moradi, Shahamat Hosseinian, Seyed Kamal Vaezi

Background & Purpose: A requirement for the success of knowledge workers’ competence development plans is to take their thinking preferences into account. This research proposed a nature-based model of strategies of developing skills building and competencies of knowledge workers according to their preferred thinking style. Methodology: This was an applied, inductive, interpretative, and qualitative research conducted through the grounded theory. The participants of the research included 21 experts of Human Resource Management, selected by theoretical sampling. Data were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’ Grounded Theory, through three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. Findings: Aprocess modelhas introduced in which Skill building and competence development of knowledge workers is the central phenomena of this model. The causal factors includ the three categories of individual, social-environmental, and organizational-legal. The strategies consist of three categories of competence development, skill building, and personal development based on A, B, C, and D’s preferences. The intervening factors are three categories of cultural-organizational, personal attitude, and senior managers’ attitude. Moreover, considerations of development facilitating factors comprise the contextual factors of the model. Finally, the outcomes of the model include the three categories of personal, organizational, and social development. Conclusion: Preparing and implementing plans for the development of competencies and skills of Knowledge workers based on their fourfold thinking preferences enhance the success and efficiency of these plans. For this purpose, competencies and skills related to each of these thinking preferences are identified and the actions necessary for their development are determined in this research.

Costa Bruna Muriel F., Coelho Carolina Monteiro, Souza Cássia Ribeiro et al.

Malt bagasse is a by-product of the brewing industry that has high moisture, making it very unstable and susceptible to fast microbial deterioration. This work evaluated drying kinetic models of malt bagasse during pneumatic transport with air flow at 30, 45 and 60°C and layouts of 4.5 and 7.0 m. The results showed that the decrease of moisture from malt bagasse was favored at higher air temperature due to the higher diffusion coefficient. In the ranges measured, the values of the effective moisture diffusivity and heat transfer coefficient were obtained between 2.05×10−10 to 12.74×10−10 m2/s and 175 to 363 W/(m2 K), respectively. Average energy for liquid diffusion in the malt bagasse drying process was 44.30 kJ/mol. Pneumatic transport with air flow at 60°C and layout of 7.0 m reached rapidly the final moisture of 12% (w.b.), which may reduce transport costs and allow for long periods of stable storage for malt bagasse. The statistical tests results showed that the experimental data presented excellent fit using the modified Henderson-Pabis model, in the temperature range for both layouts.

Enrique Nicolás Cartier

Las empresas agropecuarias pueden definirse como unidades de organización que producen bienes -agrícolas y/o pecuarios- a través de la gestión de “procesos productivos biológicos”. En general, los productos de la empresa agropecuaria son colocados en los “mercados de materias primas” a los que concurren como demandantes empresas industriales que las requieren como tales para procesos vinculados con la obtención de alimentos. La perspectiva tradicional interpreta que la problemática de la empresa agropecuaria culmina en esos “mercados de materias primas”. Aunque real y objetiva, esta visión desatiende una importante variable de contexto, cual es que la producción primaria es siempre parte de complejos productivosmayores, habitualmente denominados “cadenas agroalimentarias”. Una lectura más actual e integral sobre el tema, extiende el análisis de sus problemáticas hasta los mercados de los bienes finales (alimentos) que se derivan de su propia producción. A partir de esta concepción ha surgido la necesidad de realizar estudios sistémicos para encontrar solución de los problemas que corresponden a los sistemas productivos en su conjunto. Muchos de estos refieren a la “creación de valor” por parte de las cadenas agroalimentarias y a cómo se distribuye el valor neto creado entre sus eslabones, es decir a la renta de los actores. Aparece aquí el problema que se pretende abordar: con frecuencia se observa que la información sobre costos ofrecida por un eslabón no resulta confiable para los del otro y viceversa.  Por ejemplo, los estudios sobre costos del sector primario tienen un enfoque, al que denominaremos “agronómico”, no necesariamente alineado con el correspondiente del segmento industrial de la misma cadena agroalimenticia, al que los agrónomos llaman enfoque “contable”. Esto deriva en fuertes tensiones cuando esa información resulta sensible en sus relaciones. La presente ponencia aborda el tema del análisis del “enfoque agronómico” de los costos con el objetivo de encontrar mecanismos que ayuden a identificar y luego superar las eventuales contradicciones que puedan existir con otros enfoques empleados en las actividades industriales.