Ma. Guadalupe Plaza, Maria Luisa Mendoza López, José de Jesús Pérez Bueno
et al.
Injection-molding purges are heterogeneous, bulky residues whose uncertain composition and irregular geometry hinder direct reinsertion, making cold shredding costly and maintenance-intensive. This work develops a low-infrastructure solar-assisted pre-processing route using a PMMA Fresnel lens to induce controlled sub-onset softening and enable clean shear cutting without destructive thermal histories. The sub-onset softening is here defined into a viscoelastically active range (at or above T<sub>g</sub> for the amorphous phase) while remaining below the melting onset (T<sub>m</sub>, onset) and below the onset of thermal degradation (T<sub>d</sub>, onset). The station was engineered via QFD and risk-oriented design tools, while a weighted Pugh matrix selected shear cutting over saw-based alternatives. A screening factorial DOE showed that lens height, angle, and their interaction significantly govern focal-spot diameter and receiver temperature, yielding linear relations for conservative set-point selection. Receiver benchmarking further indicated that copper reaches substantially higher temperatures than graphite under identical exposure conditions, supporting copper as the simplest, rapid-heating receiver. Under DOE-calibrated operation, tear-free shear cutting was achieved across representative purge families (PP–ABS, PC–ABS–PP, PA66, PA66-filler, and POM) without forced convection. From a recycling and waste-management perspective, the approach converts bulky purge scrap into mill-compatible feedstock with reduced mechanical resistance, lowering tool wear and fines generation, accelerating downsizing, and limiting stockpiling that elevates combustible-inventory fire risk. Overall, the proposed DOE-calibrated, operator-friendly framework improves recycling feasibility by enabling safer handling, more stable preprocessing throughput, and reduced reliance on disposal or long-term storage for heterogeneous industrial purges.
Given that student entrepreneurship contributes to the intensification of economic activities and the improvement of the social well-being of the parties involved, evaluating and fostering students’ entrepreneurial intentions can be a step in moving from intention to action in the entrepreneurial process. From this perspective, the present study assesses students’ entrepreneurial intentions and measures the impact of the most important determinants based on online questionnaires addressed to students from two different fields of study: economics and engineering. Using the collected data (N = 392 students) and analysis methods based on correlation and stratified multiple regression as well as non-parametric tests (Mann–Whitney U), the study reveals that students’ entrepreneurial intentions are influenced by mindset and resilience. The study indicates that the influences can vary significantly when the analyses include control variables, such as gender, field of study, year of study, professional experience, age, and country of origin. It is also important to note that the statistical significance of the results regarding the impact of resilience varies depending on the specifics of the control variables. This study considered both analyses of resilience (as a synthetic indicator) and its subcomponents. The results of this study have both theoretical and practical utility.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
This paper theorises how inclusive grassroots innovation responds to socio-economic inequalities and facilitates efforts to overcome them, contingent on solidaristic relationships. As a mainstream policy concept, the term ‘innovation’ has become more narrowly defined as capital-intensive technological innovation, which has often worsened social inequalities. In response, ‘inclusive innovation’ has become an umbrella term encompassing diverse alternatives seeking to reduce or avoid social inequalities. These have arisen especially in the Social Solidarity Economy (SSE), based on democratic self-management and mutual aid; its enterprises depend on wider ecosystems of support groups. The SSE has some overlaps with Alternative Agri-Food Networks (AAFNs), which build greater social proximity between producers and consumers. Hence the overlap is here called the SSE-AAFNs. During the Covid-19 pandemic, many SSE-AAFNs rapidly adapted to the disruptions through novel practices that could fulfil their members’ needs. SSE-AAFNs ecosystems played this creative role through three general parameters: inclusive grassroots innovation, agile adaptations, and a transformative resilience bouncing forwards. These parameters form a tripartite framework that helps to analyse case studies of SSE-AAFNs in Brazil and Turkey. In both cases, grassroots innovation helped to overcome social inequalities (of class, race, gender), in ways contingent on each initiative and its context. SSE-AAFNs have demanded and gained support measures from municipalities, along lines helping to build collective capacities rather than dependence. The tripartite analytical framework here has wider relevance to SSE ecosystems developing grassroots innovation which can overcome inequalities.
Zeynep Aca, Arzu Kırcal-Şahin, Akın Özdemir
et al.
IntroductionGender roles and stereotypes play a significant role in shaping the nursing profession, perpetuating systemic inequities that negatively impact professional experiences and healthcare system efficiency. In Türkiye, patriarchal norms and systemic disparities exacerbate these workplace challenges, particularly for female nurses.MethodsThis qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews with 13 female nurses working in intensive care units to examine the influence of societal expectations, workplace discrimination, and institutional policies on gender inequities in nursing.ResultsThe findings reveal that cultural norms, family influence, and constrained career planning often channel women into nursing, reinforcing perceptions of the profession as an extension of caregiving roles. While participants rejected the notion of nursing as a “women’s profession,” their narratives highlighted the pervasive impact of gendered expectations. Additionally, political favoritism and nepotism were identified as factors exacerbating workplace challenges, reflecting broader systemic issues in Türkiye’s labor market. The normalization of gender norms and their internalization by female nurses further complicate efforts to combat discrimination.DiscussionThe study underscores the necessity for policy interventions to address systemic gender inequities in nursing. Recommendations include implementing mandatory gender equality education within healthcare institutions, stricter enforcement of anti-violence laws, and the establishment of psychological and legal support systems for workplace violence victims. Additional measures, such as childcare support and regulations against marital status-based discrimination, are essential to mitigate inequities. By addressing societal, cultural, and institutional factors, this research provides actionable strategies for healthcare organizations and policymakers to promote equity and improve sector efficiency.
Marsel A. Kadyrov, Mikhail D. Zavatsky, E. Yu Neelova
et al.
The present study deals with algorithms for the acquisition of a well-core digital model that is used in the Digital Well-Core technology or “Digital Petrophysics.” The study involved the initial implementation stage of this technology: identification of geometric dimensions of a sample and spatial scanning resolution, as well as of scanning and reconstruction settings to examine a well core in a SkyScan 1172 X-ray micro-CT system. Well-core samples 30 mm wide (7 µm/pixel resolution), 10 mm wide (4 µm/pixel resolution) and 5 mm wide (1.5 µm/pixel resolution) were examined by X-ray micro-computed tomography. The porosity coefficient of all samples was measured by the water-saturation and weighing method. The digital models were used to estimate the porosity coefficient compared to the standard method. The results demonstrated that the best convergence of micro-CT and standard method data was achieved with 5-mm samples at a 1.5 µm/pixel scan resolution. A study on digital model optimization through noise reduction in the NRecon standard software was also conducted and discovered that the best convergence of porosity coefficients was attained when smoothing was set at 8. The scanning and reconstruction settings proposed for well-core samples can be used to implement the Digital Well-Core technology.
Minoo Khanzadeh, Fazel Moridi Farimani, Parviz Davoodi
et al.
Purpose: In Iran (as a resource base country), despite the acceptance of the need to diversify production activities, the planned industrial upgrade did not take place, and the lack of clear industrial strategy, especially in resource-oriented production chains, and the lack of chain attitudes to activities and an introspective viewpoint to the development of activities have sometimes prevented production chains from becoming intertwined. This is while the resource-based industrial development strategy suggests the resource-based countries to move towards the downstream of the chains and increase the economic scale by joining the regional and international value chains. Therefore, identifying the activities in a chain is very important because it gives the politician more power to analyse the situation and helps to make decisions. Also, since the input-output tables are used to analyse the economic structure, the APL method is used to understand the importance of production activities. The main goal of the current research is to examine the changes in the economic distance between economic activities and the structural changes of Iran's economy by using the Average Propagation Length Method and the input-output tables of 1999, 2004, 2010 and 2016 (the last available table) of Central Bank. The purpose is to know the production chains and examine the changes of production activities with chain attitudes over time. Methodology: The economy is divided into several activities, and each activity buys products from and sells products to other activities. The output of an industry consists of inter-industrial deliveries to final demand categories like export, consumption and investments. The added value used in each activity also includes service compensation, net tax and mixed incomes, etc. In this research, first all the four input-output tables are calculated based on the constant prices of 2016. Because calculating APL index needs internal tables, imports were derived from the main tables, and internal tables were obtained. Finally by using Average Propagation Length method, the production chains in terms of the upstream and downstream positions of the chains were identified.Findings and discussion: Based on the results, Table 1 can be analyzed in two ways, in rows and in columns. When they are analyzed in columns, the activities can be classified in terms of upstream and downstream, and structural changes can be visualized when they are analyzed in rows.The activities of planting crops, raising animals and forestry in agricultural chains are upstream activities and the rest of the activities of these chains, including the production of food and beverage, the production of textiles and clothing, the production of leather, wood, paper and furniture are downstream activities.In mining-oriented activities, the basic resource activities include crude oil and natural gas extraction, extraction of other mines and production of petroleum products are upstream activities. The production of chemical materials and products, production of basic metals and production non-metallic minerals are intermediate activities. The activities of producing rubber and plastic, production of fabric metal products, production of machinery and equipment, production of electrical equipment, production of vehicles, and production of computer-electronic and optical products are downstream activities.The development of production activities from 1999 to 2016 was more focused on mining. From 2004 to 2010, the inter-sectoral relations among production chains in Iran was weakened, and this weakness showed itself mostly in the downstream part of chains (rubber and plastic, electrical equipment and machinery and equipment). Since the activities of mining (oil and other mines), production of non-metallic minerals and production of petroleum products have short backward linkages and long forward linkages, they have always been the attention of politicians. On the other hand, due to longer backward links and shorter forward links of downstream activities like rubber and plastic, metal products, and machinery and equipment are generally not considered by policymakers for development. But in order to create more value added, increase employment and reduce the export of raw and semi-raw products, it is necessary to move towards the development of downstream activities on the production chains with the resource-based industrial development strategy. The results show that the production chains in agriculture and mining (oil and other mines) do not have strong connections within the chain, and three separate chains have been formed, which has resulted in the isolation of production chains.Conclusions and policy implications: From the strengthening and weakening of the links between different activities during the studied years, it can be concluded that the necessity of choosing the industrial development policy is clearly evident. Due to the limitation of capital, knowledge, etc. in Iran, the development of activities is of an unbalanced type of growth, and the policymaker should prioritize the development of chains towards the downstream side. Therefore, it is suggested that, while completing the missing links of the production chains towards the downstream activities, it is better to starts with the mining-oriented chains and then complete the agriculture-oriented chains.
Sustainable development has become an issue that concerns the world with its economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Economic and social injustices, especially poverty, are increasing, and economic problems affect individuals negatively in many areas, such as education, health, housing, and psychosocial development. Families and their changing dynamics are at the forefront of the groups affected by this negative situation. Family policies and family-oriented services have an important place in ensuring the well-being of individuals and families. Social services for families are carried out in Türkiye by the Ministry of Family and Social Services, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of National Education, and local governments. These services cover economic and social needs. Therefore, family policies and the economic and social goals of sustainable development are linked. This study discusses family services within the scope of the economic and social dimensions of sustainable development. The study concludes that family-oriented services are expressed more quantitatively and that services should be developed in the context of sustainable development.
Industrial relations, Social insurance. Social security. Pension
The relevance of this topic is due to the problems that lead to the search for alternatives to improve the tools of state regulation of agro-industrial complex, both at the state level and at the level of Russian regions. The object of the study were the forms and methods of state regulation of the agrarian sector of the Russian Federation. The subject of scientific research were organizational and economic relations affecting the formation of the mechanism of state regulation of the agrarian sector in the regions of Russia. Theoretical significance of the research lies in clarifying the essence and content of state regulation of agrarian sector of economy, identifying its specificity and conditions of development for agricultural enterprises. In scientific work wide questions of analysis of development of state regulation of agroindustrial complex of Russian Federation are touched upon, including tendencies of development of agriculture of some regions. The basis of research was made by comparative analysis of target state programs aimed to improve state regulation of agrarian sector and designation of perspective regional target programs aimed to develop agroindustrial complex.
Rural residential area is the core component of rural land, and the process of its transfer exists to guide the change of rural land use. Its evolution is closely related to population migration, so exploring the spatial and temporal evolution of the coupling type of human-land relationship and its driving mechanism is the core scientific basis for the optimal allocation of rural land resources. From the perspective of human-land relationship, this paper introduces spatio-temporal big data on the basis of 3S technology and constructs an elasticity coefficient model. The composite index method is also used to further explore the coupling types of rural human-land relations in the Luoyang region. At the same time, spatial autocorrelation and spatial autoregressive models were used to reveal the driving mechanism of the spatio-temporal evolution of rural human-land relationship types in the Luoyang region. The results showed that: (1) Against the background of the continuous reduction of the rural population in Luoyang, the scale of rural residential area first increases and then decreases, and spatially they continue to gather around the central city (2) At the township scale, the conflict between people and land tends to be moderated. The elasticity coefficient shows a zonal distribution pattern in the southwest of Luoyang region and the townships around the central city. (3) There is a non-negligible spatial correlation between rural human-land relations in Luoyang region. The initial scale of rural residentials, arable land area, rural resident population and industrial output value are positively correlated with the coordination of people-land relationship, and the slope, elevation and distance from the central city have an inverse effect on the harmony of the relationship between people and land.
The purpose of the is to summarize and present the results of the study of economic prerequisites for the situation when trade between the aggressor (the Russian Federation) and the victim (Ukraine) was not stopped despite the conflict as well as to assess the dynamics of this trade in the context of indicators of national economic security of Ukraine. Methodology. The study is based on the analysis of International Trade Center data on exports and imports of Ukraine and the Russian Federation and mutual commodity flows for 2002-2019. In addition, the Herfindahl-Hirschmann index and the Linda index were calculated to determine the level of concentration of commodity and geographical structure of foreign trade. To assess the impact of the external sector on the level of economic security of Ukraine, indicators regulated by national legislation were evaluated such as economy openness, export coverage ratio of imports, times; share of the leading partner country in total exports of goods, share of the leading partner country in total imports of goods, share of the leading commodity (commodity group) in the total volume of goods exports, share of leading goods (commodity group) excluding energy imports in total imports of goods, share of raw materials and low degree of industrial export processing in total exports of goods, share of imports in domestic consumption, terms of trade index (price). Results of the survey showed that The Russian Federation was the largest trading partner, and remains a significant participant in Ukraine’s foreign trade operations today. At the same time the objective process of reducing the importance of the Russian Federation in the export-import trade of Ukraine had begun long before 2014. Despite the fact that the level of danger in the foreign sphere has decreased to a certain extent, such an improvement occurs against the backdrop of the impossibility of completely terminating trade and other economic relations with the Russian Federation. Practical implications. Based on the analysis, the areas of overcoming risks in the external sphere should be recognized: strengthening the capacity of the domestic market, including the implementation of infrastructure renewal programs for transport facilities and military-industrial complex, stimulating foreign investment in mechanical engineering; stimulating foreign investment in high-technology activities; implementation of energy efficiency programs; simplifying administrative and tax conditions for the provision of service as a substitute to commodity trade. Value/originality. Data on concentration level of foreign trade of Ukraine and the Russian Federation and on level of foreign economic component of national economic security of Ukraine.
Economics as a science, Management. Industrial management
The article considers the situation in the economies of the European Union countries before the European elections in 2019. The increased activity of nationalist forces in Europe, their intention to use the economic arguments for their political aims are highlighted. The cases illustrate the States’ participation in the capital of largest industrial companies and the problems arising in this connection in interstate relations, on the one hand, and between States and the EU supranational bodies, on the other. The possible consequences of the disagreements for the international economic relations of the EU and its leading countries are named. The destructive role in some cases of the EU supranational bodies in strengthening European industrial potential in the face of other economic blocs and individual economic actors is emphasized. The aspiration of the leading EU countries to unite their efforts in bilateral and multilateral formats to maintain the competitiveness of European industrial enterprises in key areas of the economy is highlighted. Conclusions on strengthening the positions of nationalist parties and political movements in the EU countries and on increasing in such conditions their chances of success in European elections were made. Strengthening positions and increasing the number of nationalist seats in the next European Parliament are predicted.
Mehdi Ebadi Jamkhaneh, Mohammad Ali Kafi, Ali Kheyroddin
In current international practice, composite construction is gaining importance in industrial buildings and in particular in high-rise buildings. Partially encased composite (PEC) columns are one of the recent developments in composite column. Using composite columns have several advantages such as an increased speed of erection compared to reinforced concrete (RC) columns, a more cost-effective design, smaller cross-section dimensions for similar axial resistance, and a better resistance to fire and local buckling than for steel only columns in compare with traditional RC or steel only columns. One of the proper sections for columns is a cross-sectional shape that can be used in these columns. In this paper, experimental and numerical studies are carried out on three PEC columns under pure compression load. The main difference between the specimens is in the reinforcement details of the concrete. Parameters studied in numerical work, details of reinforcement, failure mode, width to thickness ratio of steel flange and distance and transverse link diameter. The results are presented in the form of axial load-displacement curves. Also, the values of experimental work were compared with the relations between the two European and Canadian regulations, which indicated that the Canadian code was conservative. The results were developed in a numerical section after validation with a laboratory specimens and the load-bearing capacity and deformation were evaluated. The evident buckling pattern in the specimens was the kind of rupture of the welds of the links and the local buckling of the flange plate between the two links. Also, the bigger interval between the two links caused an early local buckling in the specimen.
The article is about regulatory issues of and legal regulation of the shipowner’s liability for the pollution of the marine environment with oil products. The analysis of international standards that regulate the question of responsibility for pollution. With the growth of urbanization and industrialization, the marine environment is increasingly exposed to a negative human impact, which is causes so-called degradation of the marine environment. It means that the sea spaces lose their initial condition, polluted with different wastes, become a landfill for tons of industrial waste, toxic substances, it also refers to the inappropriate use of the “wealth” of the World Ocean. Many of the “active users” of the sea spaces of our planet simply underestimate the significance of the above in the life of all mankind. Perhaps this is why the attitude to the seas and oceans is so disreputable. The degradation of the marine environment may be associated with a number of sources, including shipping and maritime activity. Every year in consequence of accidents and illegal discharges about 600,000 tons of oil come into the oceans. Despite numerous measures to improve the safety of the use of the marine environment, the rules are violated, vessels that are not suitable for operation, and, moreover, they transport very harmful goods to the environment. The negligence in such sphere leads to the widescale damage of the environment that can not always be eliminated entirely and it is horrible whilethat those who responsible for causing damage often avoid responsibility. The purpose of the article is to consider the question of liability and problem of reimbursement of damages to the environment caused by pollution with petroleum products on the basis of international norms governing this area of relations. Legal liability is just one of the many legal instruments used to prevent degradation of the oceans, but it is urgently needed to increase its efficiency, becaus the welfare of all living is at stake. Since being so vast and significant, the marine environment is under threat and definitely requires careful attitude and protection.
Modelling dispersion and determining the range of a danger zone is usually based on empirical models whose limitations simplify the result. Spreading the cloud in industrial space, urban or other irregular area with numerous obstacles, is impossible to predict using these models. The solution in this situation is the use of numerical modelling. CFD allows for consideration of complex geometry, wind flow between elements, gas weight, turbulence in the atmosphere and mass and heat flow in the test area. Such relations illustrate the phenomenon of dispersion in 3d space in a very accessible way, at the same time they allow to show more precisely the characteristic places of residual gas or fast dispersion. The paper presents the possibilities of using numerical simulations for 3d modelling dispersion of ammonia and chlorine in the densely built urban space of Warsaw.
This article introduces the Journal of Industrial Relations Annual Review of Industrial Relations in 2016. It first discusses key industrial relations developments over the past year in Australia, with a particular focus on the federal election and its aftermath. The article then examines the growing challenges relating to inequality in the Australian labour market and the declining effectiveness of industrial relations actors and institutions in addressing these challenges. It then considers the implications for Australian industrial relations of two seismic international political developments over the past year heralding the ascent of a protectionist policy paradigm: the UK’s ‘Brexit’ referendum and Donald Trump’s election as US President. Finally, the article provides an overview of the articles contained in the Annual Review issue.
Many authors have attempted co-incorporate the local into the global. World-systems analysis, though, is rooted in processes of production, and all production remains profoundly local. Understanding the expansion and intensification of the social and material relations of capitalism that have created and sustain the dynamic growth of the world-system from the local to the global requires analysis of material processes of natural and social production in space as differentiated by topography, hydrology, climate, and absolute distance betweenplaces. In this article, I consider some of the spatio-material configurations chat have struc-tured local effects on global formations within a single region, the Amazon Basin. I first detail and criticize the tendency in world system and globalization analysis, and in the modern social sciences generally, to use spatial metaphors without examining how space affects the material processes around which social actors organize economy and policy. I next examine thework of some earlier social scientists who analyzed specific materio-spatial configurations as these structured human social, economic, and political activities and organization, searching for possible theoretical or methodological tools for building from local to global analysis. I then review some recent analyses of spatio-material determinants of social and economic organiza-tion in the Amazon Basin. Finally, I show that the 400-year-long sequence of extractive econ-omies in the Amazon reflected the changing demands of expanded industrial production in the core, and how such processes can best be understood by focusing our analysis on spatio-material configurations of local extraction, transport, and production. The Amazon is but one of the specific environments that have supplied raw materials to changing global markets, but close consideration of how its material and spatial attributes shaped the global economy provides insights into the ways other local systems affect the world-system.