Brown dwarfs lack nuclear fusion and cool with time; the coldest known have an effective temperature below 500 K, and are known as Y dwarfs. We present a James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) photometric dataset of Y dwarfs: twenty-three were imaged in wide-field mode, 20 using NIRCam with the F150W and F480M filters, and 3 using NIRISS with the F480M filter. We present an F480M vs. F150W $-$ F480M color-magnitude diagram for our sample, and other brown dwarfs with F150W and F480M colors synthesized from JWST spectra by Beiler et al. (2024). For one target, WISEA J083011.95$+$283716.0, its detection in the near-infrared confirms it as one of the reddest Y dwarfs known, with F150W $-$ F480M $= 9.62$ mag. We provide its updated parallax and proper motion. One of the Beiler et al. Y dwarfs, CWISEP J104756.81+545741.6, is unusually blue, consistent with strong CO absorption seen in its spectrum which the F480M filter is particularly sensitive to. The strong CO and the kinematics of the object suggest it may be very low-mass and young. We update the resolved photometry for the close binary system WISE J033605.05$-$014350.4 AB, and find that the secondary is almost as cold as WISE 085510.83$-$071442.5, with $T_{\rm eff} \lesssim 300$ K, however the F150W $-$ F480M color is significantly bluer, possibly suggesting the presence of water clouds. Astrometry is measured at the JWST epoch for the sample which is consistent with parallax and proper motion values reported by Kirkpatrick et al. (2021) and Marocco et al. (in prep).
نظر جون ديوي الى المنطق الصوري الارسطي نظرة احترام و اعجاب ؛ لكنه نظر الى مبادئه على انها مبادئ رابطة بين الطبيعة و ما فوقها باعتماد صيغ منطقية اولياتها سابقة على التفكير , و هي بذلك كانت ذات فعالية في زمانها ؛ لكن تطور العلوم فرض تفكيرا منطقيا جديدا , تكون مبادئه المنطقية نابعة من الطبيعة نفسها , ومن هنا كان لكل من الفيلسوفين منطقه الخاص و منهجه المعتمد , و ظهر مؤشر الفرق و الاختلاف بينهما , الذي قاد بدوره الى الاختلاف في الاستخلاص من منهجيهما فيما يخص نظرية الصدق , النظرية المعتمدة على صحة المقدمات للوصول الى نتيجة و النظرية المعتمدة على (الموقف) اللامتعين و صيرورته موقفا متعينا يخدم حاجة مجتمعية , فالصدق عند ديوي صدقا منفعيا , ومنطقه منطقا اداتيا
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Arts in general
Fictive motion is a term coined by Talmy to refer to a universal linguistic and cognitive salience phenomenon within his framework of lexicalization patterns and motion event typology. Since formulated by Talmy, numerous cognitive linguists used his lexicalization patterns and motion event typology as a criterion for exploring fictive motion in many languages. Fictive motion can be encoded and expressed differently in different languages, depending on the typological characteristics of each language and the cognitive culture of the native speakers of that language. However, the study of fictive motion in Vietnamese is limited. Therefore, this paper has three principal purposes: (i) Apply the typology of a motion event and fictive motion, as formulated by Talmy, combined with the constructionist approach, as developed in Construction Grammar of Goldberg, to establish a system of fictive motion construction types for Vietnamese; (ii) Describe some core semantic characteristics and constraints for each established construction type by analyzing every type within the framework of Construction Grammar, and (iii) Construct an interactive network of fictive motion types by relying on the level of subjectivity and abstraction for Vietnamese. The present paper on fictive motion construction types in Vietnamese is an initial effort to identify the typological characteristics of this language.
This cross-cultural study examines the dynamics of compliment response strategies among university students in Indonesia and Pakistan, focusing on the influence of gender and power dynamics. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, through qualitative analysis, we identified prevalent themes and patterns in students’ responses by categorizing them according to Yu’s classification. Subsequently, we quantified these qualitative categories using frequencies and percentages, offering a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of various compliment response strategies. The study comprises 100 undergraduate students evenly split between Indonesia and Pakistan, with equal gender representation (25 males, 25 females) in each country, aged 18–24. Data collection employed a Google Forms questionnaire as a Discourse Completion Task. The questionnaire encompassed demographic details and responses to compliment scenarios. Upon data collection, responses were categorized into six strategies based on Yu’s (Yu, 2004) taxonomy. Noteworthy variations emerge in compliment response strategies between Indonesian and Pakistani students, as well as across gender lines. Indonesian participants, reflecting cultural values of modesty and social harmony, display a preference for acceptance and amendment strategies. In contrast, Pakistani students, particularly males, show a higher propensity for no acceptance and no acknowledgment strategies, alongside acceptance and amendment strategies. These findings underscore the intricate dynamics of compliment responses, spotlighting the interplay of gender, power dynamics, and cultural influences. The study paves the way for future exploration of intercultural communication and fosters cross-cultural connections. This is particularly relevant for Pakistan, where limited research on compliment responses exists.
Throughout history, translation has been a constant source of discovery of others, their cultural heritage, their knowledge and their vision of the world. It allows us to immerse ourselves in distant and little-known worlds, such as literature, poetry or science, transcending the constraints of time or geography. Over the decades, translation has evolved, moving closer to new technologies to give rise to new specialities, such as audiovisual translation with, among other things, dubbing and subtitling. However, there is a largely under-studied and little-known field of research at the crossroads of translation, the performing arts and technology : surtitling. Our intention in this study is to shed light on this professional practice by exploring its many dimensions. To do this, our research approach will encompass an in-depth analysis of both the theoretical and practical aspects of surtitling. The aim is to highlight the importance of surtitling in the contemporary artistic and linguistic landscape, while helping to bridge the remaining gaps between translation, the performing arts and technology.
Background Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannoma (VS) more often in adults but a severe paediatric form with multiple neurological tumours is also described. In this population, a early diagnosis is important to prevent the onset of neurological complications but is difficult, particularly without a familial history. Cutaneous manifestations, which may precede VS or neurological tumours by several years, may contribute to an early diagnosis, but specific studies are lacking. The objective of this study was to characterize cutaneous manifestations of NF2 in a paediatric population. Results This observational, descriptive and multicentric study was conducted from April 2019 to April 2020 in seven academic French hospitals. We included patients ≤ 18 years old who fulfilled the Manchester diagnostic criteria or had a pathogenic mutation identified in the NF2 gene. All patients underwent a dermatological examination guided by a standardized questionnaire. 21 children were included, of whom 20 had at least one skin tumour (mean number 5 ± 4.6 [range 0–15]), which led to a diagnosis in four cases. In the other 17 cases, the diagnosis of NF2 was based on neurosensory complications (n = 10), family screening (n = 4) or ocular signs (n = 3). Before the NF2 diagnosis, 15 children had at least one “undiagnosed” cutaneous tumour that did not lead to a specific management. Patients’ dermatological examination also revealed < 6 non specific café au lait macules (n = 15), hypopigmented macules (n = 12) with more than 3 lesions in 4 cases, and purple reticulated macules of the trunk (n = 4). Conclusion Dermatological lesions are frequent and early in children with NF2 but rarely lead to the diagnosis. Cutaneous schwannomas are the most frequent but are often underdiagnosed. Café au lait macules are frequent, but atypical and mostly in small numbers. Multiple hypopigmented macules seem suggestive although inconsistent. The sensitivity of reticulated capillary malformation-like lesions remains to be assessed by further studies.
J. Llorca, C. Lechosa-Múñiz, Pelayo Frank de Zulueta
et al.
The COVID-19 pandemic placed pregnant women at high risk, but behavioural changes have also led to lower rates of preterm births in high-income countries. The main goal of this article is to study the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnancy control and outcomes; this is a joint analysis of two cohorts. The pre-pandemic cohort includes 969 pregnant women recruited in 2018. The pandemic cohort comprises 1168 pregnant women recruited in 2020. Information on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, reproductive history, characteristics of the current pregnancy and its outcome were obtained from medical records. Birth by Caesarean section was more frequent in the pre-pandemic cohort (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55–0.92). A birth weight lower than 2500 g and higher than 4000 g occurred more frequently in the pre-pandemic cohort (adjusted OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41–0.93 for lower than 2500 g and adjusted OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.20–0.46 for higher than 4000 g). Exclusive breastfeeding upon hospital discharge was more frequent in the pandemic cohort than in the pre-pandemic cohort (60% vs. 54%, p = 0.005), with adjusted OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.52–0.86 for mixed breastfeeding and infant formula. In conclusion, we report reductions in Caesarean sections and reduced numbers of low birth weight babies during the pandemic in a hospital located in northern Spain. Further analysis will clarify if these reductions are related to changes in health-related behaviour or healthcare operation.
M. Abdel‐Aziz, A. H. Neerincx, S. Vijverberg
et al.
There is a clinical need to identify children with poor asthma control as early as possible, to optimize treatment and/or to find therapeutic alternatives. Here, we present the “Systems Pharmacology Approach to Uncontrolled Pediatric Asthma” (SysPharmPediA) study, which aims to establish a pediatric cohort of moderate-to-severe uncontrolled and controlled patients with asthma, to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying uncontrolled moderate-to-severe asthma in children on maintenance treatment, using a multi-omics systems medicine approach. In this multicenter observational case–control study, moderate-to-severe asthmatic children (age; 6–17 years) were included from four European countries (Netherlands, Germany, Spain, and Slovenia). Subjects were classified based on asthma control and number of exacerbations. Demographics, current and past patient/family history, and clinical characteristics were collected. In addition, systems-wide omics layers, including epi(genomics), transcriptomics, microbiome, proteomics, and metabolomics were evaluated from multiple samples. In all, 145 children were included in this cohort, 91 with uncontrolled (median age = 12 years, 43% females) and 54 with controlled asthma (median age = 11.7 years, 37% females). The two groups did not show statistically significant differences in age, sex, and body mass index z-score distribution. Comprehensive information and diverse noninvasive biosampling procedures for various omics analyses will provide the opportunity to delineate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of moderate-to-severe uncontrolled pediatric asthma. This eventually might reveal novel biomarkers, which could potentially be used for noninvasive personalized diagnostics and/or treatment.
AIMS OF THE STUDY The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to overlap with the seasonal influenza epidemic, increasing the risk of overextending the health system capacity in Switzerland. Influenza vaccine uptake has remained low in most countries, including Switzerland. The aim of the study was to determine parents’ intentions towards influenza vaccination of their children, as well as themselves, and to assess regional differences. METHODS Parents presenting to four paediatric emergency departments (Zurich, Bern, Bellinzona, Geneva) were asked to complete an online survey during and after the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic (April to June 2020). The anonymised survey included demographic information, vaccination history and intentions to vaccinate against influenza, as well as attitudes towards future vaccination against COVID-19. RESULTS The majority of children (92%; 602/654) were up-to-date on their vaccination schedule. In 2019/2020, 7.2% (47/654) were vaccinated against influenza. Children with chronic illnesses were more frequently vaccinated than healthy children (19.2% vs 5.6%; p = 0.002). For the coming winter season, 111 (17%) parents stated they plan to vaccinate their children against influenza, more than double the rate from last year, and 383 (59.2%) parents suggested they will vaccinate against COVID-19 once a vaccine is available. Regional differences between “German” and “Latin” Switzerland were found for parents’ intent to have their children vaccinated against influenza next season (Zurich and Bern 14.3%, Bellinzona and Geneva 27.2%, p <0.001), but not for a hypothetical vaccination against COVID-19 (Zurich and Bern 59.1%, Bellinzona and Geneva 59.7%, p = 0.894). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a substantial increase of parents’ intention to vaccinate their children against influenza, especially in hard-hit “Latin” Switzerland. The Swiss government and public health organisations can leverage these regional results to promote influenza vaccination among children for the coming seasons.
Background: Pre-existing T cell responses to influenza have been correlated with improved clinical outcomes in natural history and human challenge studies. We aimed to determine the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of a T-cell directed vaccine in older people. Methods: This was a multicentre, participant- and safety assessor-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of the co-administration of Modified Vaccinia Ankara encoding nucleoprotein and matrix protein 1 (MVA-NP+M1) and annual influenza vaccine in participants ≥ 65. The primary outcome was the number of days with moderate or severe influenza-like symptoms (ILS) during the influenza season. Results: 846 of a planned 2030 participants were recruited in the UK prior to, and throughout, the 2017/18 flu season. There was no evidence of a difference in the reported rates of days of moderate or severe ILS during influenza-like illness episodes (unadjusted OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.54–1.69; adjusted OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.51–1.65). The trial was stopped after one season due to a change in the recommended annual flu vaccine, for which safety of the new combination had not been established. More participants in the MVA-NP+M1 group had transient moderate or severe pain, redness, and systemic responses in the first seven days. Conclusion: The MVA-NP+M1 vaccine is well tolerated in those aged 65 years and over. Larger trials would be needed to determine potential efficacy.
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex, progressive respiratory condition characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentations (phenotypes). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of the main COPD phenotypes and match of each phenotype to the most fitting clinical and lung function profile. Methods the CLIMA (Clinical Phenotypes in Actual Clinical Practice) study was an observational, cross-sectional investigation involving twenty-four sites evenly distributed throughout Italy. Patients were tentatively grouped based on their history and claimed prevailing symptoms at recruitment: chronic cough (CB, suggesting chronic bronchitis); dyspnoea (possible emphysema components, E); recurrent wheezing (presuming asthma components, A). Variables collected were: anagraphics; smoking habit; history of asthma; claim of >1 exacerbations in the previous year; blood eosinophil count; total blood IgE and alpha1 anti-trypsin (α1-AT) levels; complete lung function, and the chest X-ray report. mMRC, CAT, BCS, EQ5d-5L were also used. The association between variables and phenotypes were checked by Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression. Results The CB phenotype was prevalent (48.3%), followed by the E and the A phenotypes (38.8% and 12.8%, respectively). When dyspnoea was the prevailing symptom, the probability of belonging to the COPD-E phenotype was 3.40 times higher. Recurrent wheezing was mostly related to the COPD-A phenotype. Lung function proved more preserved in the COPD-CB phenotype. Smoke; n. exacerbations/year; VR, and BODE index were positively correlated with the COPD-E phenotype, while SpO2, FEV1/FVC, FEV1/VC, and FEV1 reversibility were negatively correlated. Lower DLco values were highly probative for the COPD-E phenotype (p<0.001). Conversely, smoke, wheezing, plasma eosinophils, FEV1 reversibility, and DLco were positively correlated with the COPD-A phenotype. The probability of belonging to the COPD-A phenotype raised by 2.71 times for any increase of one unit in % plasma eosinophils (p<0.001). Also multiparametrical scores contributed to discriminate the three phenotypes. Conclusion The recognition of the main phenotypes of COPD can be effectively pursued by means of a few clinical and instrumental parameters, easy to obtain also in current daily practice. The phenotypical approach is crucial in the management of COPD as it allows to individualize the therapeutic strategy and to obtain more effective clinical outcomes.
حاول الشاعر المعاصر المصري أحمد عبد المعطي من خلال توظيف الترميز أن يستدعي الشخصيات الدينية و التراثية لإثراء قصائده و ذلك من خلال ذكر نماذج فذة في التاريخ الحضاري و الديني منها: آدم () و عيسي () و مريم البتول و الإمام علي () و الإمام لحسين () و المعتصم.حاولنا في البحث هذا، التحري في ديوان الشاعر والكشف عن هذا الشخصيات بغية التعرف علي دواعي و طريقة استدعاء هذا الشخصيات و تبيين المراد من توظيفها. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلي الكشف عن شعرية هذه الظاهرة و فاعليتها في شكيل رؤية الشاعر و بيان تعالقها و ترابطها مع تجربته الشعرية و كذلك الكشف عن التحولات و المؤثرات الخارجية و الداخلية التي أثرت في رؤية الشاعر عبد المعطي. نتائج البحث تشير إلي أن الشاعر عبد المعطي من خلال استدعاء الشخصيات، استطاع أن يعمق يجربته الشعرية من خلال استحضاره للرموز الدينية والتراثية و تعامل مع الرموز و توظيفها في شعره لخدمة أفكاره و معتقداته و تحمسه حول الوضع الراهن.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Arts in general
الوجودية بين الحرية والحزم في رواية (الغثيان) لجان بول سارتر تعتبر الحرية أساسية في الأيديولوجيا الوجودية. ويدعو الوجوديون وعلى رأسهم الفيلسوف الوجودي الفرنسي جان بول سارتر الإنسان إلى التفكير والتصرف بحرية لخلق الإبداع لتغيير كافة المفاهيم الاجتماعية التي دفعت المجتمع إلى عزلته. ويشجع على البحث عن الحرية والعودة إلى النفس الإنسانية متجاوزة كل القيود والحواجز التي كانت موجودة من قبل والتي كانت تعيق تقدم الفرد في الحياة. في حين أن الحرية تعطي فرصة للإنسان للتغلب على كل حدوده وكذلك ماضيه. وهذا الماضي الذي لا معنى له يجبر الفرد على العزلة في مجتمعه، وهذه السلوكيات المنعزلة تشير إلى العدم والفراغ الذي يشعر به الفرد تجاه نفسه. لقد ركز سارتر على إثبات أن الوجود الإنساني لا يوجد إلا من خلال أفعال الأفراد، وهذه الأفعال تعتمد على حرية الفرد في تحديد وجوده وبالتالي جوهره. في روايته الأولى الغثيان
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Arts in general
Studies with overweight people are a priority in order to observe the effect of the timing of intervention on pre-obesity people. The aim was to compare different physical activity programs plus an individualized hypocaloric diet on body composition in overweight subjects. A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in overweight adults with no history of relevant illness. Primary outcome was total fat mass (TFM). Participants were allocated into four activity programs with equal intensity and volume of exercise for 22 weeks: strength training (S), endurance training (E), strength + endurance training (SE), and ‘adhering to physical activity recommendations’ (C). Participants followed a diet with 25% less energy (50%–55% carbohydrates, 30%–35% fat) measured by accelerometer. Variables were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. One hundred nineteen from 205 subjects were randomized in the four exercise groups (S = 30/E = 30/SE = 30/C = 29) and 84 participants (36 men/48 women) ended the intervention (S = 19/E = 25/SE = 22/C = 18). At the end of the experiment, all groups except C increased their total physical activity (S = 1159 ± 1740; E = 1625 ± 1790; SE = 1699 ± 2516; C = 724 ± 1979 MET-min/week). Using an ANOVA-test, improvements were observed in body weight (S = −4.6 ± 4.5; E = −6.6 ± 4.6; SE = −8.5 ± 2.8; C = −6.1 ± 5.6 kg, p = 0.059) and TFM (S = −4.24 ± 2.02; E = −4.74 ± 2.96; SE = −6.74 ± 3.27; C = −3.94 ± 4.18%; p < 0.05). The main conclusion was that there were no adverse events. Strength and endurance training with a balanced, individualized hypocaloric diet was the most effective at reducing weight loss and fat mass in overweight subjects. Trial registration: NCT01116856.
Tamaki Kobayashi, Mufaro Kanyangarara, N. Laban
et al.
To achieve and sustain malaria elimination, identification and treatment of the asymptomatic infectious reservoir is critical. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are frequently used to identify asymptomatic, Plasmodium-infected individuals through test-and-treat strategies, but their sensitivity is low when used in low transmission settings. Characteristics of individuals with subpatent (RDT-negative but polymerase chain reaction [PCR]-positive) Plasmodium parasitemia were evaluated in southern Zambia where malaria transmission has declined and efforts to achieve malaria elimination are underway. Simple random sampling based on satellite imagery was used to select households for participation in community-based, cross-sectional surveys between 2008 and 2013. Questionnaires were administered to collect information on age, gender, recent history of malaria symptoms, and recent antimalarial drug use. Blood samples were collected by finger prick for Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 RDT, blood smears for microscopy, and dried blood spots for molecular analysis to detect malaria parasites and their sexual stage. Of 3,863 participants with complete data, 102 (2.6%) were positive by microscopy, RDT, or PCR. Of these, 48 (47%) had subpatent parasitemia. Most individuals with subpatent parasitemia were asymptomatic (85%). Compared with individuals without parasitemia, individuals with subpatent parasitemia were significantly more likely to be aged 5-25 years. Approximately one quarter (27%) of those with subpatent parasitemia had detectable gametocytemia. These findings suggest that strategies based on active or reactive case detection can identify asymptomatic individuals positive by RDT, but more sensitive diagnostic tests or focal drug administration may be necessary to target individuals with subpatent parasitemia to achieve malaria elimination.
The exhibition and the catalogue about the Vanderneyden Collection are analized in this review, pointing out the more relevants contributions of the text.