Hasil untuk "History of education"

C. Hmelo‐Silver

Noah D. Finkelstein

The rapid emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and related technologies has the potential to dramatically influence higher education, raising questions about the roles of institutions, educators, and students in a technology-rich future. While existing discourse often emphasizes either the promise and peril of AI or its immediate implementation, this paper advances a third path: a principled framework for guiding the use of AI in teaching and learning. Drawing on decades of scholarship in the learning sciences and uses of technology in education, I articulate a set of principles that connect broad our educational goalsto actionable practices. These principles clarify the respective roles of educators, learners, and technologies in shaping curricula, designing instruction, assessing learning, and cultivating community. The piece illustrates how a principled approach enables higher education to harness new tools while preserving its fundamental mission: advancing meaningful learning, supporting democratic societies, and preparing students for dynamic futures. Ultimately, this framework seeks to ensure that AI augments rather than displaces human capacities, aligning technology use with enduring educational values and goals.

Qaisar Al-Zubaidi

في هذه الدراسة نسعى إلى بيان مدى إسهام القوى البشرية وأثرها في تكوين الفكر السياسي الإسلامي، بأعتبارها مصدر القوة الحاكم في وضع بعض النظريات السياسية الإسلامية، وكذلك تحديد مسار الحكم ووضع آليات معينة له، مما أسهم وبشكل فعال في تحديد النظام السياسي الإسلامي الحاكم لحقب تاريخية طويلة أمتدت في بعض جوانبها إلى وقتنا الحاضر، ومن هذا المنطلق أتبع الباحث المنهج التاريخي الوصفي والتحليلي، وتبعاً لذلك قسمت إلى ثلاث مباحث سبقتها المقدمة، حيث كان المبحث الأول منها يتعلق بــ (القوى البشرية المفهوم والتطور)، وأما المبحث الثاني فكان بعنوان (اثر القوى البشرية في تأسيس النظريات السياسية الاسلامية) واخيراً جاء المبحث الثالث عن (أثر القوى البشرية في آليات أختيار الحاكم)، ثم تلاهم الخاتمة وقائمة المصادر والمراجع.

Leonie Klompstra, Marie Löf, Cecilia Björkelund et al.

Abstract Middle-aged adults engaging in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are at higher risk of chronic diseases. However, little is known about the co-occurrence of these behaviors and their determinants. This cohort study examined the co-occurrence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (alcohol consumption, diet, physical inactivity, and smoking) in 30,154 middle-aged adults and their associations with sociodemographic factors, social support, and disease history. Alcohol use was measured by the AUDIT, diet by the MiniMeal-Q, and physical inactivity and smoking by single questions. Participants had a mean age of 58 years, with 51% being female. Of them, 14% had no unhealthy behaviors, 38% had one, 36% had two, 10% had three, and 2% had all four. The most common co-occurrence was between physical inactivity and poor diet (38%). Higher education decreased the likelihood of having three or four unhealthy behaviors, while financial difficulties, having no one around who appreciated one’s efforts, and suffering of a lung disease increased it. In conclusion, middle-aged adults exhibit varying levels of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Higher education is linked to reduced engagement in multiple unhealthy behaviors, whereas financial strain, lower quality of social support, and lung disease increase the risk.

Kridh Charatcharoenwitthaya, Torpong Thongngarm

Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by allergic reactions triggered by the combination of specific food ingestion and physical exertion. Despite its rarity, FDEIA poses significant diagnostic and management challenges due to its complex pathophysiology and variable clinical presentation. Diagnosis relies on careful evaluation of clinical history, symptomatology, and laboratory tests, with inherent difficulties in distinguishing FDEIA from other related conditions. Management of FDEIA involves comprehensive strategies to minimize the risk of allergic reactions through measures such as allergen avoidance, patient education, and timely administration of epinephrine. While existing treatment approaches primarily target acute reactions, ongoing research endeavors are crucial for validating emerging diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. This review offers a comprehensive overview of FDEIA, encompassing its epidemiology, underlying pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, and management approaches.

Jannik Henze, André Bresges, Sebastian Becker-Genschow

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in physics education enables novel approaches to data analysis and conceptual learning. A comparative analysis of AI-supported and traditional Excel-based methods reveals distinct strengths and limitations in fostering understanding of pendulum experiments. This study explores the integration of AI-assisted tools, such as a custom chatbot based on ChatGPT, and traditional Excel-based methods in physics education, revealing that while both approaches produce comparable quantitative learning gains, AI tools provide significant qualitative advantages. These include enhanced emotional engagement and higher motivation, highlighting the potential of AI to create a more positive and supportive learning environment. Adaptive AI technologies offer significant promise in supporting structured, data-intensive tasks, emphasizing the necessity for thoughtfully balanced integration into educational practices.

Gyeong-Geon Lee, Xiaoming Zhai

Educational scholars have analyzed various image data acquired from teaching and learning situations, such as photos that shows classroom dynamics, students' drawings with regard to the learning content, textbook illustrations, etc. Unquestioningly, most qualitative analysis of and explanation on image data have been conducted by human researchers, without machine-based automation. It was partially because most image processing artificial intelligence models were not accessible to general educational scholars or explainable due to their complex deep neural network architecture. However, the recent development of Visual Question Answering (VQA) techniques is accomplishing usable visual language models, which receive from the user a question about the given image and returns an answer, both in natural language. Particularly, GPT-4V released by OpenAI, has wide opened the state-of-the-art visual langauge model service so that VQA could be used for a variety of purposes. However, VQA and GPT-4V have not yet been applied to educational studies much. In this position paper, we suggest that GPT-4V contributes to realizing VQA for education. By 'realizing' VQA, we denote two meanings: (1) GPT-4V realizes the utilization of VQA techniques by any educational scholars without technical/accessibility barrier, and (2) GPT-4V makes educational scholars realize the usefulness of VQA to educational research. Given these, this paper aims to introduce VQA for educational studies so that it provides a milestone for educational research methodology. In this paper, chapter II reviews the development of VQA techniques, which primes with the release of GPT-4V. Chapter III reviews the use of image analysis in educational studies. Chapter IV demonstrates how GPT-4V can be used for each research usage reviewed in Chapter III, with operating prompts provided. Finally, chapter V discusses the future implications.

Felipe González-Pizarro, Claudia López, Andrea Vásquez et al.

While computational thinking arises as an essential skill worldwide, formal primary and secondary education in Latin America rarely incorporates mechanisms to develop it in their curricula. The extent to which students in the region acquire computational thinking skills remains largely unknown. To start addressing this void, this article presents findings from a cross-sectional study that characterizes the computational thinking abilities of incoming students at a Chilean university with a strong emphasis on STEM disciplines. Based on more than 500 responses, this study provides evidence of significant inequalities in computational thinking across gender, type of school (private or no), and prior programming knowledge. The discussion offers insights into how these disparities relate to contextual factors of the country, such as a highly socio-economically segregated educational system, public policies focused mainly on technology access, and heavy reliance on voluntary initiatives, to develop computational thinking. The findings can enlighten upcoming research endeavors and formulate strategies to create a more equitable field for students entering STEM degrees in nations facing similar circumstances.

Parthasarathy P D, Swaroop Joshi

A UserWay study in 2021 indicates that an annual global e-commerce revenue loss of approximately $16 billion can be attributed to inaccessible websites and applications. According to the 2023 WebAIM study, only 3.7% of the world's top one million website homepages are fully accessible. This shows that many software developers use poor coding practices that don't adhere to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). This research centers on software professionals and their role in addressing accessibility. This work seeks to understand (a) who within the software development community actively practices accessibility, (b) when and how accessibility is considered in the software development lifecycle, (c) the various challenges encountered in building accessible software, and (d) the resources required by software professionals to enhance product accessibility. Our survey of 269 software professionals from India sheds light on the pressing need for accessibility education within the software industry. A substantial majority (69.9%, N=269) of respondents express the need for training materials, workshops, and bootcamps to enhance their accessibility skills. We present a list of actionable recommendations that can be implemented within the industry to promote accessibility awareness and skills. We also open source our raw data for further research, encouraging continued exploration in this domain.

Simon Goorney, Jonas Bley, Stefan Heusler et al.

The field of Quantum Information Science & Technology (QIST) is booming. Due to this, many new educational courses and university programs are needed in order to prepare a workforce for the developing industry. Owing to its specialist nature, teaching approaches in this field can easily become disconnected from the substantial degree of science education research which aims to support the best approaches to teaching in Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) fields. In order to connect these two communities with a pragmatic and repeatable methodology, we have synthesised this educational research into a decision-tree based theoretical model for the transformation of QIST curricula, intended to provide a didactical perspective for practitioners. The Quantum Curriculum Transformation Framework (QCTF) consists of four steps: 1. choose a topic, 2. choose one or more targeted skills, 3. choose a learning goal and 4. choose a teaching approach that achieves this goal. We show how this can be done using an example curriculum and more specifically quantum teleportation as a basic concept of quantum communication within this curriculum. By approaching curriculum creation and transformation in this way, educational goals and outcomes are more clearly defined which is in the interest of the individual and the industry alike. The framework is intended to structure the narrative of QIST teaching, and with future testing and refinement it will form a basis for further research in the didactics of QIST.

Mehdi Djahangiri

The inherent characteristics of real-world data is uncertainty. If data is generated in valid experiments or collected standard, probability theory or fuzzy theory is a powerful tool for analysis it in the uncertainty conditions. But data is not always reliable; especially when it is not possible to perform multiple tests or reliable data collection. In this context, referring to the beliefs of experts in the field in question is an alternative approach and uncertainty theory is a tool by which the beliefs of experts can be mathematically incorporated into the problem-solving structure. A stable set has a wide range of applications in many fields, while in most cases its problems are without reliable data. In this paper, we investigate the finding of stable weighted sets with uncertain weights. These weights have an uncertain distribution based on the degree of belief of the field expert. For this purpose, we offer two methods. In the first method, by introducing the concept of chance constraint, we come to an integer linear programming model with definite coefficients. The second method is based on the concept of uncertain expected value. Finally, a numerical example for these two methods is presented.

Maninder Kaur, Araceli Venegas-Gomez

Rapid advances in quantum technology have exacerbated the shortage of a diverse, inclusive, and sustainable quantum workforce. National governments and industries are developing strategies for education, training, and workforce development to accelerate the commercialization of quantum technologies. In this paper, we report the existing state of the quantum workforce as well as several learning pathways to nurture the talent pipeline between academia and industry. We provide a comprehensive guide of various educational initiatives accessible throughout the world, such as online courses, conferences, seminars, games, and community-focused networks, that facilitate quantum training and upskill the talent needed to develop a better quantum future.

Enrique Arce-Larreta, Ketevi Assamagan, Emanuela Barzi et al.

This Snowmass2021 Contributed Paper addresses the role of the Particle Physics community in creating and fostering international connections in American education. It describes the pressing need to introduce students and faculty to the challenges and rewards of international collaboration, not only to develop the next generation of scientists and engineers for particle physics, but to maintain and build U.S. leadership on an increasingly competitive world stage. We present and assess current efforts in education and public engagement with an eye toward identifying those activities in need of change or increased resources to improve audience reach and program efficacy. We also consider possible new activities that might improve upon or complement existing programs, with the common goal of providing all U.S. students with the opportunity to benefit from a quality international scientific experience.

Gabriele Benelli, Thomas Y. Chen, Javier Duarte et al.

The growing role of data science (DS) and machine learning (ML) in high-energy physics (HEP) is well established and pertinent given the complex detectors, large data, sets and sophisticated analyses at the heart of HEP research. Moreover, exploiting symmetries inherent in physics data have inspired physics-informed ML as a vibrant sub-field of computer science research. HEP researchers benefit greatly from materials widely available materials for use in education, training and workforce development. They are also contributing to these materials and providing software to DS/ML-related fields. Increasingly, physics departments are offering courses at the intersection of DS, ML and physics, often using curricula developed by HEP researchers and involving open software and data used in HEP. In this white paper, we explore synergies between HEP research and DS/ML education, discuss opportunities and challenges at this intersection, and propose community activities that will be mutually beneficial.

George A. Silver

Sajad Jalaefar, Bijan Abdollahi, Hasnreza Zeinabadi et al.

This study aimed to identify the professional development competencies of novice faculty members of public universities in Tehran. This study was a Qualitative approach and an exploratory method. The study population included all university professionals including department heads, heads of faculties, heads of planning offices, educational assistants, supervisory offices, expert professors, and novice faculty members in public universities in Tehran in 1398 and All texts related to the research topic included books, articles, and dissertations, both internal and external. Twelve academic experts were selected as the sample using the purposive sampling method and the snowball method. The study population in the resources section included 80 articles, books, and sites. 24 Persian and 34 English titles that were more thematically related to the research title were selected as the study sample. The tools of the present study included a semi-structured interview. Data analysis was performed by the content analysis method in five step.Finally, educational, research, organizational, personal, ethical, value,service, and international competencies were identified as professional development competencies of novice faculty members.The issue of maturity in universities is very important and necessary. Although there is a need to establish a regular and formal center called the Center for Growth in universities, the responsibility for growth and professional growth is primarily the individual and the belief in the need for growth is one of the most important issues in this regard.

Fausto Casaburo

Commercial electronic measuring devices used in physics usually have high costs. In recent years, thanks to its low cost and the high number of available sensors, the Arduino board has been used for many educational purposes in physics education. In this paper a method to measure the Newton's cooling law time-constant by the Arduino board is presented.

Marco Kuhrmann, Joyce Nakatumba-Nabende, Rolf-Helge Pfeiffer et al.

Software engineering educators are continually challenged by rapidly evolving concepts, technologies, and industry demands. Due to the omnipresence of software in a digitalized society, higher education institutions (HEIs) have to educate the students such that they learn how to learn, and that they are equipped with a profound basic knowledge and with latest knowledge about modern software and system development. Since industry demands change constantly, HEIs are challenged in meeting such current and future demands in a timely manner. This paper analyzes the current state of practice in software engineering education. Specifically, we want to compare contemporary education with industrial practice to understand if frameworks, methods and practices for software and system development taught at HEIs reflect industrial practice. For this, we conducted an online survey and collected information about 67 software engineering courses. Our findings show that development approaches taught at HEIs quite closely reflect industrial practice. We also found that the choice of what process to teach is sometimes driven by the wish to make a course successful. Especially when this happens for project courses, it could be beneficial to put more emphasis on building learning sequences with other courses.

Marie-Lee Yous RN, BScN, MScN, Lori Schindel Martin RN, PhD, Sharon Kaasalainen RN, PhD et al.

Introduction The acute care setting is not ideal for older people with dementia; responsive behaviours may be triggered when care is delivered within a strange environment by staff with limited knowledge of life history and personal preferences. Responsive behaviours (e.g., yelling, hitting, restlessness) are used by older people with dementia to communicate their needs and concerns. It is unknown whether non-pharmacological approaches used by nurses support the development of a meaningful interpersonal relationship between nurses and older people with dementia. Aims: The aims of this study were to explore: (a) the types of low investment non-pharmacological approaches (e.g., music, social activities) used by nurses caring for older people experiencing responsive behaviours of dementia in acute medical settings and (b) the factors that influence the decisions of these nurses to implement these approaches. Methods We present a qualitative secondary analysis of data from a primary study using Thorne’s interpretive description approach. Interviews were conducted with 11 nurses and four allied health professionals from acute medical settings in Canada. A qualitative secondary data analytic approach was used, specifically analytic expansion, and experiential thematic analysis. Findings: egardless of the educational preparation of nurses, the decision to use specific types of low investment non-pharmacological approaches were influenced by the perfunctory development of the interpersonal relationships in acute care hospitals. The factors that led nurses to use limited approaches (e.g., turning on the TV and providing a newspaper) were lack of dementia care education and attending to other acutely ill clients. Conclusions: This study revealed that nurses in acute medical settings require greater practice growth to deliver relational care which is crucial to supporting older people with dementia. Nurses need education and knowledge translation support to use creative low investment non-pharmacological approaches with the intent on upholding the quality of life older people with dementia.

Anssi Männistö

Tarkastelen katsauksessani lukion historianopetukseen suunniteltujen virtuaalitodellisuus- (VR) ja geomedia-aineistoja ja niiden käytettävyyttä. Aineistona ovat toista maailmansotaa koskevat suurten tietokantojen datavisualisoinnit ja niihin liittyvät oppimistehtävät. Esittelen tekstissä virtuaaliympäristössä toteutetun vartiopaikkapelin, jatkosodassa kaatuneiden määrää mallittavan datavisualisoinnin ja kaatuneiden päivittäistä ja paikkakuntakohtaista määrää esittävän geomediasovelluksen. Lisäksi kuvaan testiryhmänä toimineiden lukiolaisen näkemyksiä niistä.