Technology is everywhere, yet a theory of technology and its social dimension remains to be fully developed. Building on the influential book The Social Construction of Technological Systems, this volume carries forward the project of creating a theory of technological development and implementation that is strongly grounded in both sociology and history. The 12 essays address the central question of how technologies become stabilized, how they attain a final form and use that is generally accepted. The essays are tied together by a general introduction, part introductions, and a theoretical conclusion.
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer among women and remains one of the most prevalent contributors to cancer-related mortality worldwide. This study aims to evaluate biomarker expression in women with breast cancer and the correlations between them and other prognostic parameters. A retrospective analysis of 252 subjects was conducted at the Oncology Department of Mother Teresa University Hospital in Albania between 2021 and 2024. The highest rate of the disease was observed in the over-45 age group (92.5%). A family history of cancer was reported in 13.9% of patients. The most common histological type identified was ductal carcinoma (81.3%), which predominantly affected the left breast (57.1%) and was most frequently stage 2 (69.8%). A significant association (p < 0.001) was found between disease stage and expression of ER (Estrogen Receptors), PR (Progesterone Receptors), and HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2), as well as between patient age and expression of ER, PR, and HER2 receptors (p = 0.02). HER2 and Ki-67 expression were inversely associated with ER and PR. Ki-67 was significantly correlated with age (p = 0.008) and stage (p < 0.001). Nodal metastasis correlated with Ki-67 (p = 0.02) and ER (p = 0.01).
Salih Gülen, İsmail Dönmez, Fatma Betül Şengönül
et al.
STEM education aims to develop 21st-century skills, support economic growth and promote gender equality in STEM fields. It is known that gender stereotypes play a significant role in the formation of STEM identity. The most important factor preventing some high school-level female students from pursuing STEM careers is their lack of participation in STEM activities. Female students in high schools have limited opportunities to explore or learn about STEM careers due to the emphasis on verbal and religious courses in their curriculum. However, it is known that women can work more autonomously in scientific activities compared to men. The current study examines the effect of robotics and coding education on the development of girls’ STEM careers. The study was conducted at an all-girls high school in Turkey, where the curriculum is predominantly centered on verbal and religious subjects. In the study, a pre-test and post-test experimental design with control group was used. A total of 76 volunteer female students (34 in the experimental group and 42 in the control group) participated in robotics and coding education over a period of 12 weeks. The data were collected using the validated STEM career, motivation and attitude scales and analyzed using t -tests, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. The findings revealed that robotics and coding training significantly improved the participants’ STEM career aspirations, attitudes and motivations. A strong positive correlation was found between career interest, attitude and motivation. The study also showed that STEM career scores are significantly higher among students who wish to become teachers compared to those considering a career in the fields of health or engineering. However, no significant correlation was found between the participants’ parents’ education levels, family income and STEM career aspirations.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
This study examines the relationship between self-efficacy , perceived organizational support, and job satisfaction, with pay satisfaction as a mediator. The sample is convenient and consists of 269 respondents (139 male and 136 female), aged 19 to 43 (M= 25.8, Sd= 4.3), working in an organizational or industrial environment. Out of the 269 respondents, 223 indicated their monthly income was average, 45 reported it as above average, and 1 stated it was below average. The instruments used for data collection were Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Perceived Organizational Support Scale, and respondents' pay satisfaction was assessed using a single question. A statistically significant correlation was found between all the variables included in the study (p < 0.01). Pay satisfaction had a mediating influence on the relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction, while perceived organizational support was a direct, statistically significant predictor of job satisfaction. The model proved to be sustainable. The study results are discussed in relation to relevant theoretical assumptions and their practical applications. The limitations of the study, such as sample adequacy, online administration, and the work environments, are stated. Recommendations are made for further research, including the exploration of additional variables to enhance the current model.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Abstract A 56‐year‐old woman presented with a 2 months history of patulous eustachian tube. She had sudden weight loss after developing a cold, after which she had been experiencing disabling autophony and a sensation of blockage in the ear. She underwent stellate ganglion block in 8 months; her symptoms resolved subsequently.
The topic of Central Europe is one of the key problems for contemporary Polish literature, as it defines the issues of social identity as well as both individual and collective self-identification. As a “middle country” chocked in between two major spheres of influence: Russia and Germany; the East and the West, Poland has been voided of its statehood ever since the second half of the 18th century and has been the place where these two spheres of influence kept clashing. The perception of Poland as the boundary between the influences, a historical bulwark of the West, the interwar bastion of western culture or a country from behind the Iron Curtain did not strengthen the bonds between its culture and Central Europe. The Iron Curtain bolstered the polarization of Central Europe after World War II and Polish literature observes this crack on two facets – chronological and spatial.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Background
Academically good students become good citizens and good citizens make a better society. They are the prospective heirs of a nation, so those factors that influence their academic performance should be taken into consideration to build up an integrated and developed nation.
Objective – To find out the factors that potentially influence academic excellence of medical students.
Material and Methods- A cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students of final year. A predesigned, pretested, structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. To identify significant predictors of students’ academic performance, Uni-variate and multivariate binary logistics analysis were done.
Results- A total of 149 students were interviewed. Analysis of average marks in all three professionals revealed that only 59 students (39.60 %) scored equal to or more than 60 %, whereas 90 students (60.40%) had marks below 60 %. In univariate binary logistic regression analysis factors such as gender, area of schooling up to class 12th, education and occupation of parents, history of alcohol consumption and adequate sleep were found to be significant predictors for students’ academic performance. In multivariate binary logistics regression analysis, only gender was the significant predictor.
Conclusion-
After completing their basic school education, when students enter the professional medical colleges, there are some modifiable and some non-modifiable factors which have great impact on their academic performance. These can be dealt accordingly by the institutional authorities to have better academic performance of the students
RESUMO Este artigo aborda a expedição realizada por Afonso Botelho de Sampaio e Souza, que adentrou territórios indígenas no século XVIII. A expedição de Botelho se deu no contexto das reformas pombalinas, momento em que a Coroa Portuguesa tentava implementar novas diretrizes para as políticas indigenistas, buscando angariar entre os nativos novos súditos nos sertões, a fim de garantir o domínio sobre os territórios coloniais em disputa. Nesse contexto, Botelho percorreu os territórios dos chamados Campos de Guarapuava, no terceiro planalto paranaense, entrando em contato com grupos nativos de origem Jê, denominados desde o século XIX de Kaingang. Por meio de três relatórios da expedição e uma parte da iconografia produzida, buscaram-se indícios referentes à territorialidade e à liderança indígena, captando elementos da cultura Kaingang presentes na organização dos espaços e que influíram no encontro com os exploradores estrangeiros.
This article explores the missed opportunities for cooperation and alliance between the Ukraine and its two major occupiers between 1930-45. The purpose of the paper is to highlight both the independence struggle of the Ukrainian people in during their constant occupation in the middle of the 20th century and to show how both occupiers—Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany—failed to capitalize on the peoples wishes for independence as a tool for alliance and support in both of their goals as occupying nations. The goal of this paper is to highlight the importance of the Ukraine within the context of World War II and the important role the independence struggle played in shaping the success and shortcomings of both the U.S.S.R and Nazi Germany during their extended conflict and occupation of the Ukraine.