Hasil untuk "Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature"

Marino Marinović

Jared Hudson

Like its companion piece in Dictynna 20, this article reads Florus’ fragmentary Vergilius orator an poeta as a novel form of intertextual autofiction: a self-portrait of the artist as a young narrator recounting his exilic lifestory through and as a web of literary texts of both poetry and prose. The piece examines how, in these last extant sections of the dialogue, ‘Florus’ treats his inquiring and obliging Baetican interlocutor to an autobiographical tale of Virgilian (etc.) wandering, and a studied, setpiece panegyric of his seemingly final resting place in seaside Tarraco. The article then demonstrates how the unparalleled praise heaped upon the vocation of teacher by our speaker is itself built out of a tissue of texts this poet-grammaticus could well have known, and taught. As the analysis shows, it all makes for a strikingly artful portrait of literate self-sufficiency — and so, perhaps, one directed straight at the imperial center, and even angling for support from a new, more beneficent princeps.

Emília M. da Rocha Oliveira

Sem resumo disponível.

Kseniia Andreevna Khanina

The aim of the research is to construct a typology of formal variants of terminological units describing human infectious diseases. The author analyses the similarities and differences between the phenomena of synonymy and variation, presenting two opposite views on the attitude of linguists toward this problem. Then the phenomenon of formal variation is considered separately from synonymy. The scientific novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive approach to studying formal variant terms and constructing their typology. As a result of the study, the main reason for the variation of professional units of infectiology has been determined, i.e., the active process of borrowing of special vocabulary in English under the influence of Greek-Latin bases. The typology of variation of terms is represented by graphic, word-formation, syntactic, morphological-syntactic and phonetic variants. A separate group of formal variants is identified, including lexically related terms, where the replacement of word combination components is the result of semantic clarification, conceptual expansion or replacement of borrowed words. The preservation of functionality of the identified variants of terms in modern scientific literature has been established.

Amalia Lejavitzer L.

Hacia el final del libro XIII de sus Epigramas, Marcial incluye una serie de veinte dísticos sobre los distintos tipos de vinos existentes en su época. Este catálogo de vinos resulta de suma importancia tanto para la enología antigua como para la epigramática de Marcial.

Andrea Giannotti

This paper examines a fifth-century B.C. obscure ceremony: the libations to Dionysus poured by the ten generals during the Athenian Dionysia in the theatre – a practice attested only by Plutarch’s Life of Cimon. The investigation here conducted firstly contextualises the libations as a religious ritual and, secondly, analyses its performers from a historico-political perspective. While highlighting the problematics for assessing and interpreting the libations as an unambiguous event, the paper investigates: (a) what the performers did during a libation; (b) who were the ordinary officers of the libations; and (c) to what extent democratic ideology was involved during the ritual.

Tommaso Campanella, Jernej Šček, David Bandelj

Tommaso Campanella (1568–1639) je slovenskemu bralstvu znan morda poimensko in zanimiv kvečjemu aforistično kot renesančni utopist in naravoslovec de auditu. V filozofski svet enega najizvirnejših veleumov na pragu novega veka vstopamo skozi stranski, a ne postranski vhod bogatega korespondenčnega korpusa, ki je – tako kot glavnina avtorjevih temeljnih del – nastajal med 27-letnim prestajanjem inkvizicijske kazni, od zadnjih vzdihljajev cinquecenta do leta 1626, in ga smemo prištevati med bero velikih renesančnih epistolarijev od umotvornega Petrarke do Salutatija, Vergerija starejšega, Bracciolinija, Brunija, Barbara, Piccolominija, Ficina in Machiavellija.

John Hazel

This Journal published in 2016 an article by Jerome Moran on ‘Tense, Time and Aspect in the Greek Verb’ (Moran, 2016). It rightly pointed to the unsatisfactory nature of the treatment of the concept of ‘verbal aspect’ in available grammars and language courses, but did not sufficiently, I think, throw light on the issue for practising teachers and their students, nor did it satisfactorily clarify the intellectual issue posed. And yet this concept, which is not difficult to understand, is all-embracing and lies at the heart of the meaning of verbs in the classical language so that it is important to understand the distinctions it provides within the scope of the Greek verb.

António Andrade

A recente publicação da monumental obra em epígrafe, resultado de dezenas de anos de aturada investigação e labor da parte dos seus três edi-tores, representa um contributo da maior valia para o conhecimento de João Jacinto de Magalhães, uma figura ímpar da cultura portuguesa e europeia do século XVIII. De facto, encontra-se pela primeira vez reunida e disponível nestes dois grossos volumes a abundante correspondência que este aveirense ilustre trocou com inúmeros indivíduos, tanto portugueses como estran-geiros, desde amigos ou simples conhecidos até nobres ou diplomatas de vários países. Contam-se entre os seus inúmeros correspondentes algumas das figuras mais proeminentes da Europa das Luzes, nomeadamente no campo da História da Ciência e da Técnica. Na verdade, Jacinto de Magalhães trocava informações muito diversas, nomeadamente sobre os avanços em várias áreas do saber ou sobre instrumentação científica, tendo estabelecido uma rede de contactos alargada com alguns dos filósofos e cientistas mais destacados da época, entre os quais se contam, entre muitos outros, Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, Johann Albrecht Euler, Alessandro Volta, Benjamin Franklin, Charles Messier, Jérôme Lalande, Thomas Hornsby, Johann III Bernoulli ou James Watt. Entre os correspondentes portugueses, sublinha-se a importância das inúmeras cartas trocadas entre João Jacinto de Magalhães e o seu grande amigo Ribeiro Sanches, fonte privilegiada para o conheci-mento de múltiplos aspetos do Portugal de Setecentos, apesar de ambos terem vivido grande parte das suas vidas fora do país.

Doroteja Novak

Zgodba o Apoloniju, tirskem kralju, se prvič omenja konec 6. stol. po Kr. pri krščanskem pesniku Venanciju Fortunatu (Carmina 6.8.5). Njen avtor je neznan, najverjetneje pa temelji na grškem originalu iz 3. stol. po Kr., ki je izgubljen. V pozni antiki je bil žanr ljubezenskih zgodb zelo priljubljen. Ne glede na to se je do danes v celoviti obliki ohranilo zgolj pet romanov z ljubezensko vsebino. Žanr ljubezenskih romanov se je najverjetneje razvil proti koncu helenistične dobe (1. stol. pr. Kr.). Grški roman z ljubezensko vsebino je vplival tudi na latinsko literaturo in posledično tudi na razvoj romana v današnji obliki.

Katerina Volioti

In this paper, I discuss the surfaces of a fragmentary kylix at the University of Reading to highlight how the Leafless Group (ca. 510 - 480 BCE) was distinct from the Haimon Group, another large-scale producer of black-figured ceramics. With its distinctiveness, the Leafless Group defined and defended its brand, as well as its place in the vase market. Although the kylix bears figural decoration, a satyr and the eye motif, which may both point to the realm of the wine god Dionysos, here I have not treated these either as components of a pictorial narrative or as semiotic units that served the pot’s symbolism. Instead, I have understood the two images, regardless of whether or not they inter-related, as integral aspects of the pot’s visual impact, and of potters’ and painters’ efforts to brand their product in such a way that it made references both to the workshop (and its business model) and to other earlier and contemporary Athenian figured wares.

E. Matricciani

Statistics of languages are calculated by counting characters, words, sentences, word rankings. Some of these random variables are also the main “ingredients” of classical readability formulae. Revisiting the readability formula of Italian, known as GULPEASE, shows that of the two terms that determine the readability index G – the semantic index G_C, proportional to the number of characters per word, and the syntactic index G_F, proportional to the reciprocal of the number of words per sentence −, G_F is dominant because G_C is, in practice, constant for any author throughout seven centuries of Italian Literature. Each author can modulate the length of sentences more freely than he can do with the length of words, and in different ways from author to author. For any author, any couple of text variables can be modelled by a linear relationship y=mx, but with different slope m from author to author, except for the relationship between characters and words, which is unique for all. The most important relationship found in the paper is, in author’s opinion, that between the short−term memory capacity, described by Miller’s “7∓2 law”, and the word interval, a new random variable defined as the average number of words between two successive punctuation marks. The word interval can be converted into a time interval through the average reading speed. The word interval is spread in the same of Miller’s law, and the time interval is spread in the same range of short−term memory response times. The connection between the word interval (and time interval) and short−term memory appears, at least empirically, justified and natural, and should further investigated. Technical and scientific writings (papers, essays etc.) ask more to their readers. A preliminary investigation of these texts shows clear differences: words are on the average longer, the readability index G is lower, word and time intervals are longer. Future work done on ancient languages, such as Greek or Latin, could bring us a flavor of the short term−memory features of these ancient readers.

Costantini, Paolo

Rinvenuta in contesto di reimpiego nei primi anni del ‘900 presso il villaggio di Tholopo- tami nel sud dell’isola di Chio, la stele conserva un testo assai danneggiato su tre delle quattro facce entro cui è distribuito, ma nel complesso ricco di elementi utili a mettere in evidenza alcuni rilevanti aspetti storico-politici dell’isola risalenti al primo quarto del VI secolo a.C. Se la sua produzione chiota può risultare dubbia in virtù dell’uso di trachite rossastra come materiale per il supporto e della menzione di un culto di Estia (entrambi diffusi e attestati nella vicina Eritre), così come risulta abbastanza complicato inquadrare il documento epigrafico dal punto di vista tipologico, è palese invece il carattere singolare dell’insieme di istituzioni menzionate nel testo. Oltre ad un gruppo di basileis, l’iscrizione fa riferimento a un demarco e al demo: delle prime due è pressoché indiscutibile soltanto il carattere magistratuale, mentre per quanto riguarda la terza è certo dal testo che ai suoi componenti era concesso emanare leggi, riunirsi in assemblea e costituire una boulé. Dal momento che elementi di natura aristocratica si affiancano ad altri di natura apparentemente democratica, sin dalle prime edizioni del testo si è voluto istituire un parallelo con l’Atene di Solone che però si è rivelato successivamente troppo forzato. Inoltre, nemmeno la tesi per cui l’iscrizione rivelerebbe il ‘democratizzarsi’ delle istituzioni di Chio, se non addirittura la nascita della democrazia nell’isola, regge totalmente: non solo perché nel testo non ne viene fatta alcuna menzione, ma anche perché il documento si presta a essere piuttosto teste della presenza di organi politici non già democratici ma pubblici, come nel caso della boulé, detta appunto demosie. Si deduce quindi soltanto il carattere misto dell’ordinamento politico di Chio nel VI secolo, che stando a Tucidide rimase tale anche nel secolo successivo (mentre secondo Aristotele fu esempio di oligarchia dispotica), a tal punto che, volendo comunque creare un paragone con il caso ateniese, pare più lecito considerarlo a metà via tra la politeia soloniana e quella di Clistene.

Kyle Alexander Jazwa

In this paper, I explore the use of long-term, hands-on learning activities for Classics courses. I will show that a carefully designed project can complement classroom lectures on Greek and Roman culture and contribute towards the development of students’ critical thinking and group work skills. As an example, I describe a successful hands-on learning project that I designed for my Ancient Greek Cities course at Monmouth College (USA). The students were tasked with researching and building an historically faithful, ancient Greek mudbrick building for the college's annual Classics Day event. With the success of this project in my class, I will show that Classics instructors can pursue similar long-term, hands-on learning activities for engaging students in ancient Greek and Roman culture and teaching essential skills.

Antonetti, Claudia

The peace treaty and alliance between the Lacedaemonians and Aetolians Erxadieis is one of the rare specimens of classical Spartan epigraphy and the oldest primary source on the Spartan hegemonic political system: more than being the expression of a direct relationship between Sparta and the Aetolian koinon, the treaty seems to deal with a smaller, unknown ethnos, most probably Peloponnesian, which recalls the Aetolians in its name and origin. On the grounds of its political-institutional language the inscription, whose date in the scholarship fluctuates between the end of the 6th century and 388 BC,  could well be inserted in the Peloponnesian political climate of the years after the Peace of Nicias  and reflect the evolution of international relations at that time; in particular, if Mantinea (restored at l. 4) is excluded from the alliance, the dating can be narrowed down to between 420 and 418 BC.

Peter Liddel

The learning of ancient history at every level – school, FE and HE – offers its students the opportunity of close engagement with ancient evidence first hand. We want our students to develop the ability to approach texts and artefacts with confidence, to place them in context, and to cultivate their own perspectives on ancient history through engaging with them. We need to teach them that this process – the antithesis (or even the antidote?) to the quick-fix of Wikipedia or the Google search – is crucial to the methodology of the historian and is at the same time an exciting way of thinking about the past. Close engagement with inscriptions is a way of getting to the core matters of ancient history. In this article I set out the insights and opportunities that the study of inscriptions offers to those getting familiar with Greek antiquity at the pre-university stage; I consider the obstacles that teachers and students face when trying to access them and also the opportunities that modern publications (digital and traditional) offer to overcoming them.

Giovanni Negri

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A. A. Markley

D. Nodes

K. A. Aboud, A. Aboud

Latin America refers to territories in America where the Spanish or Portuguese languages prevail: Mexico, most of Central and South America, and in the Caribbean, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico – in summary, Hispanic America and Brazil [1]. By this definition, Latin America is coterminous with Iberoamerica („Iberian America”) [1]. Latin America has an area of approximately 21,069,500 km2, almost 3.9% of the Earth’s surface or 14.1% of its land surface area. As of 2010, its population was estimated at more than 590 million [1]. Many medical conditions derive their names from either Greek or Latin. In this manuscript, we are reviewing, some selected examples of eponyms, in dermatology literature, linked to the Latin America (Tabl. I) [2-14]. We want also to point out that many scientists in other parts of the world and particularly in USA, for whom medical diseases were eponymously named, were originated from latin America. Just an example is, Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS), which is a dominant autosomal disorder characterized by cutaneous lipomas, macrocephaly, intestinal polyps, and developmental delay [15]. It is named after American physicians. One of them, Rogelio H. Ruvalcaba (born in 1934) received his MD degree from the Universidad de Guadalajara, in Mexico and immigrated to USA. Finally, one can find part of the eponym is originated from Latin America for example, idiopathic atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini (IAPP), is named after an italian dermatologist Agostino Pasini (1875-1944) and dermatologist from Argentina, Luis Enrique Pierini (1899-1987) (Fig. 8). In 1923, Pasini described the condition under the name progressive idiopathic atrophoderma. In 1936, Pierini and Vivoli extensively studied and defined the condition and its possible link to morphea. Canizares et al, in 1958 renamed it as idiopathic atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini (IAPP) [16]. There are many clinical and histologic similarities between, atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini and Linear atrophoderma of Moulin (LAM). LAM was first described by Moulin in 1992 as an acquired unilateral hyperpigmented atrophic band along Blaschko’s lines. EPONYMS IN THE DERMATOLOGY LITERATURE LINKED TO LATIN AMERICA