Hasil untuk "German literature"

H. Turner

Margarita A. Korzo

This article investigates previously unidentified Latin sources of several works by Simeon Polockij. The texts examined include a funeral sermon from the sermon collection Večerja duševnaja (Spiritual Evening Meal, 1683); two poems from the Rhymology (Rifmologion, ca. 1678); and testamentary preambles from the Synodal Collection of the State Historical Museum (no. 229), ca. 1672-1673. Textual comparison demonstrates that the principal source of Simeon Polockij’s instructive exempla and quotations was a collection of sermons on death by the French Catholic preacher Pierre de Besse (1567-1639). De Besse was an authoritative preacher at the court of Louis XIII and the author of a collection of annual sermons, first published around 1605, with a Latin translation appearing ca. 1611. This collection is known to have exerted influence on Orthodox authors in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Although the original edition of de Besse’s Conciones is not preserved in the book collection of Simeon Polockij and Sil’vestr Medvedev (Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents), an abridged revision by the German Dominican Johann Coppenstein (d. 1638) is extant there. Coppenstein’s compendium reproduces, in summarized form, de Besse’s Sermones de morte together with their full illustrative apparatus, which reappears almost verbatim in the aforementioned texts by Simeon Polockij. The study thus not only identifies a concrete channel of transmission from Western Catholic to Orthodox didactic literature, but also substantiates and refines earlier, fragmentary observations concerning the shared repertoire of sources, exempla, and rhetorical strategies across Simeon’s poetic and prose works.

Dinah Konnerth, Alev Altay-Langguth, Diana-Coralia Dehelean et al.

Abstract Background Radiation oncology is increasingly turning to Artificial Intelligence (AI) - and in particular Chat Generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) - for decision support, patient education, and workflow efficiency. Despite promising gains, questions about accuracy, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)-compliance and ethical use persist, especially in high-stakes cancer care. To clarify real-world attitudes and practices, we surveyed members of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) on their use, perceptions, and concerns regarding ChatGPT across clinical, research, communication, and administrative tasks. Methods An anonymous online survey was implemented via LimeSurvey platform and distributed to all members of the DEGRO in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland between April and June 2024. The 40-item questionnaire—covering demographics, radiotherapy experience, and ChatGPT’s clinical, research, communication, and administrative applications—was developed through a narrative literature review, ChatGPT-assisted drafting, back-translation, expert validation, and pilot testing. Fully completed responses were used for descriptive statistics and analysis. Results Of 213 respondents, 159 fully completed the survey. Participants were predominantly based in Germany (92.5%), worked in university hospitals (74.2%), and identified as radiation oncologists (54.7%), with a broad range of radiotherapy experience (< 1 year: 7.5%; >15 years: 24.5%). Awareness of ChatGPT was high (94.9%), yet actual use varied: 32.1% never used it, while 35.2% employed it regularly for administrative tasks and 30.2% for manuscript drafting. Mid-career clinicians (6–10 years’ experience) showed the greatest enthusiasm—44% agreed it saves time and 72% planned further integration—though all career stages (71.7% overall) expressed strong interest in formal training. Satisfaction was highest for administrative (94.6%) and manuscript support (91.7%) but lower for technical queries (66.7%). Major concerns included misinformation (69.2%), erosion of critical thinking (57.9%), and data-privacy risks (57.2%). Conclusion Our survey demonstrates high awareness and adoption of ChatGPT for administrative and educational tasks, alongside more cautious use in clinical decision-making. Widespread concerns about misinformation, critical-thinking erosion, and data privacy—especially among early- and mid-career clinicians—underscore the need for targeted AI training, rigorous validation, and transparent governance to ensure safe, effective integration into patient care.

Marek Zybura, Wojciech Kunicki

Grzegorz JASIŃSKI

 The subject of battlefield logistics security in some countries lies outside the mainstream of military historians’ studies of armed conflicts in the broadest sense. This is surprising insofar as these activities almost always determine the manner and possibilities of conducting military operations. For example, this issue can be seen in the Polish literature on the defensive war of 1939. Although several comprehensive studies have been written, significant gaps remain in many areas, hindering a proper understanding of various aspects of the September 1939 fighting. One such topic is the preparation of the Polish civilian and military administration to meet the food needs of the civilian population in urban agglomerations in September 1939. The purpose of this article is to show the inadequacies of Polish preparations against the background of German efforts in this regard and to determine what effect victualling had on the ability to conduct a prolonged and organized defense. For this purpose, the author will use the example of one of the longest-defending urban centers in September 1939, namely the Polish capital, Warsaw.

Yasmin Youssef, Tobias Gehlen, Jörg Ansorg et al.

BackgroundSocial media (SM) has been recognized as a professional communication tool in the field of orthopedic and trauma surgery that can enhance communication with patients and peers, and increase the visibility of research and offered services. The specific purposes of professional SM use and the benefits and concerns among orthopedic and trauma surgeons, however, remain unexplored. ObjectiveThis study aims to demonstrate the specific uses of different SM platforms among orthopedic and trauma surgeons in Germany as well as the advantages and concerns. MethodsA web-based questionnaire was developed on the use of SM in a professional context by considering the current literature and the authors’ topics of interest. The final questionnaire consisted of 33 questions and was distributed among German orthopedic and trauma surgeons via the mail distributor of the Berufsverband für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (Professional Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons in Germany). The study was conducted between June and July 2022. A subgroup analysis was performed for sex (male vs female), age (<60 years vs ≥60 years), and type of workplace (practice vs hospital). ResultsA total of 208 participants answered the questionnaire (male: n=166, 79.8%; younger than 60 years: n=146, 70.2%). In total, all of the participants stated that they use SM for professional purposes. In contrast, the stated specific uses of SM were low. Overall, the most used platforms were employment-oriented SM, messenger apps, and Facebook. Instagram emerged as a popular choice among female participants and participants working in hospital settings. The highest specific use of SM was for professional networking, followed by receiving and sharing health-related information. The lowest specific use was for education and the acquisition of patients. Conventional websites occupied a dominating position, exceeding the use of SM across all specific uses. The key benefit of SM was professional networking. Under 50% of the participants stated that SM could be used to enhance communication with their patients, keep up-to-date, or increase their professional visibility. In total, 65.5% (112/171) of participants stated that SM use was time-consuming, 43.9% (76/173) stated that they lacked application knowledge, and 45.1% (78/173) stated that they did not know what content to post. Additionally, 52.9% (91/172) mentioned medicolegal concerns. ConclusionsOverall, SM did not seem to be used actively in the professional context among orthopedic and trauma surgeons in Germany. The stated advantages were low, while the stated concerns were high. Adequate education and information material are needed to elucidate the possible professional applications of SM and to address legal concerns.

Lucjan Puchalski

Der vorliegende Beitrag ist dem Drama Heldenplatz von Thomas Bernhard gewidmet, seinem wohl bekanntesten Theaterstück, dessen Premiere im Wiener Burgtheater 1988 einen großen Skandal auslöste. Er entzündete sich an den auf der Bühne fallenden abfälligen Worten über Österreich und die Österreicher, die man entweder als eine unzulässige Zumutung oder als eine längst überfällige Abrechnung mit der verdrängten nationalsozialistischen Vergangenheit des Landes interpretierte. Die Analyse des Textes führt zum Ergebnis, dass es Bernhard gar nicht um die vordergründige plakative Österreichkritik ging. Sein eigentliches Anliegen lag vielmehr in der hier benutzten Sprache, deren menschenverachtende Rhetorik auf die ideologischen Raster der NS-Propaganda rekurrierte. Die öffentliche Erregung nach der Premiere zeigte, dass man eine solche Sprache der österreichischen Öffentlichkeit immer noch zumuten konnte. Der Schriftsteller stellte damit eine durchaus beängstigende Diagnose, die die österreichischen Medien und die Diskurskultur des ganzen Landes betraf.

Fausto Cercignani

Studia theodisca XXX (2023) - The Entire Volume

Daniel Annen

The novel "Späte Gäste" [Late Guests], published in 2020 by the Swiss author Gertrud Leutenegger (*1948), examines the relations between love and death. The first-person narrator travels to the Ticino village where her earlier life partner has died and is laid out in a funeral chapel. She wants to see him once more, but she never actually succeeds; for the chapel is closed. Yet, this blocked door is interesting for its metaphorical and metonymical meaning, as it stands for the barrier between the narrator and her earlier partner. Moreover, it is beneficial because it engenders a mental detachment which appears in several reflections and images that arise in her inner eye. They relate not only to the past, but also to her present life and even to the future. These apparitions can be interpreted as dialectical images as defined by Walter Benjamin. The present interpretation will examine this dialectic and demonstrate that the first-person narrator gains a new freedom in the process of this consideration of the death before her: freedom from the fear of death in general – and from the false certitudes of modern life.

Mustafa Karabulut, Lien Van Laer, Ann Hallemans et al.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the full spectrum of self-reported chronic symptoms in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) and to investigate the effect of interventions on these symptoms.MethodsA systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Statement (PRISMA). A literature search was performed in Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus to investigate self-reported symptoms and self-report questionnaires in patients with UVH. All original studies ranging from full-text clinical trials to case reports, written in English, German, and French, were included. The frequency of self-reported symptoms was presented. For self-report questionnaires, a meta-analysis was carried out to synthesize scale means by the pre- and post-intervention means and mean changes for studies that investigated interventions.ResultsA total of 2,110 studies were retrieved. Forty-seven studies were included after title-abstract selection and full-text selection by two independent reviewers. The symptoms of UVH patients included chronic dizziness (98%), imbalance (81%), symptoms worsened by head movements (75%), visually induced dizziness (61%), symptoms worsened in darkness (51%), and oscillopsia (22%). Additionally, UVH could be accompanied by recurrent vertigo (77%), tiredness (68%), cognitive symptoms (58%), and autonomic symptoms (46%). Regarding self-report questionnaires, UVH resulted on average in a moderate handicap, with an estimated mean total score on the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and the Vertigo Symptom Scale (VSS) of 46.31 (95% CI: 41.17–51.44) and 15.50 (95% CI: 12.59–18.41), respectively. In studies that investigated the effect of vestibular intervention, a significant decrease in the estimated mean total DHI scores from 51.79 (95% CI: 46.61–56.97) (pre-intervention) to 27.39 (95% CI: 23.16–31.62) (post intervention) was found (p &lt; 0.0001). In three studies, the estimated mean total Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were 7.05 (95% CI, 5.64–8.46) (pre-intervention) and 2.56 (95% CI, 1.15–3.97) (post-intervention). Finally, a subgroup of patients (≥32%) persists with at least a moderate handicap, despite vestibular rehabilitation.ConclusionA spectrum of symptoms is associated with UVH, of which chronic dizziness and imbalance are most frequently reported. However, semi-structured interviews should be conducted to define the whole spectrum of UVH symptoms more precisely, in order to establish a validated patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for UVH patients. Furthermore, vestibular interventions can significantly decrease self-reported handicap, although this is insufficient for a subgroup of patients. It could therefore be considered for this subgroup of patients to explore new intervention strategies like vibrotactile feedback or the vestibular implant.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42023389185].

Einat Davidi

This article suggests a hermeneutic and comparative approach that discusses the dual therapeutic function and effect of A veinte años, Luz (1998) of Elsa Osorio. The novel, a re-écriture of the classic identity model of Oedipus as stubborn seeking of the true origin understood as identity, is a literary work that appeals therapeutically to both sides of the national Argentinian tear. More generally as a case of « world literature », its narrative can serve as a therapeutic fantasy for descendants of victims as well as for descendants of perpetrators of every historical political crime. In a broader comparative context of the post-traumatic literary corpus, in which multiply affinities between individual and national traumata are imagined or discussed, the novel interestingly encompasses both extremes of the spectrum of post-traumatic discourse: the one comparable with the «Jewish » type of a post-traumatic discourse of inherited victimhood, and the other comparable with the « German » type of a problematic inheritance and intergenerational alienation.  

Katharina Pilgrim, Sabine Bohnet-Joschko

BackgroundHealth self-tracking is an evidence-based approach to optimize health and well-being for personal self-improvement through lifestyle changes. At the same time, user-generated health-related data can be of particular value for (health care) research. As longitudinal data, these data can provide evidence for developing better and new medications, diagnosing rare diseases faster, or treating chronic diseases. ObjectiveThis quantitative study aims to investigate the impact of digital forced-choice nudges on the willingness of German health self-trackers to donate self-tracked health-related data for research. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the effectiveness of nonmonetary incentives. Our study enables a gender-specific statement on influencing factors on the voluntary donation of personal health data and, at the same time, on the effectiveness of digital forced-choice nudges within tracking apps. MethodsWe implemented a digital experiment using a web-based questionnaire by graphical manipulation of the Runtastic tracking app interface. We asked 5 groups independently to indicate their willingness to donate tracked data for research. We used a digital forced-choice nudge via a pop-up window, which framed the data donation request with 4 different counter values. We generated the counter values according to the specific target group needs identified from the research literature. ResultsA sample of 919 was generated, of which, 625 (68%) were women and 294 (32%) were men. By dividing the sample into male and female participants, we take into account research on gender differences in privacy tendencies on the web and offline, showing that female participants display higher privacy concerns than male participants. A statistical group comparison shows that with a small effect size (r=0.21), men are significantly more likely (P=.04) to donate their self-tracked data for research if the need to take on social responsibility is addressed (the prosocial counter value in this case—contributing to society) compared with the control group without counter value. Selfish or pseudoprosocial counter values had no significant effect on willingness to donate health data among male or female health self-trackers in Germany when presented as a forced-choice nudge within a tracking app. ConclusionsAlthough surveys regularly reveal an 80% to 95% willingness to donate data on average in the population, our results show that only 41% (377/919) of the health self-trackers would donate their self-collected health data to research. Although selfish motives do not significantly influence willingness to donate, linking data donation to added societal value could significantly increase the likelihood of donating among male self-trackers by 15.5%. Thus, addressing the need to contribute to society promotes the willingness to donate data among male health self-trackers. The implementation of forced-choice framing nudges within tracking apps presented in a pop-up window can add to the accessibility of user-generated health-related data for research.

Will Wright, Heidi J. S. Tworek, Heidi J. S. Tworek et al.

There is growing interest in gene editing farm animals. Some alterations could benefit animal welfare (e.g., improved heat tolerance in cattle with the “slick” gene), the environment (e.g., reducing methane emissions from cattle with induced pluripotent stem cells), and productivity (e.g., higher weight gains in cattle with the “double muscling” gene). Existing scholarship on the acceptability of such modifications has used myriad approaches to identify societal factors that shape the ethics and governance of this technology. We argue that integrating historical approaches—particularly from the relatively new and burgeoning field of animal history—offers a form of “anticipatory knowledge” that can help guide discussions on this topic. We conducted a systematic review of the animal history literature in English, German, and Spanish to identify the influence of political, scientific, economic, social, and cultural factors on the development and acceptance of such technologies. We identified analogous structures and fault lines in past debates about farm animals that provide insights for contemporary discussions about gene editing. Those analogous structures include the market power of meatpackers or the racialized precepts in livestock breeding, and fault lines, like the disconnect between states and citizens over the direction of food systems. Highlighting these similarities demonstrates how external forces have shaped—and will continue to shape—the acceptance or rejection of emerging biotechnologies as applied to farm animals.

A. Nast, Lasse Amelunxen, M. Augustin et al.

Mariusz Jakosz

The article is a review of the monograph entitled Argumentationspraktiken im Vergleich by Abdel-Hafiez Massud. The monograph is devoted to a linguistic comparison between argumentation patterns in German and Arabic. The author describes linguistic and extralinguistic measures used in the process of intercultural communication to convince others of our point of view or to persuade them to take a specific step. The publication consists of three thematic parts: argumentation in the online media, argumentation as an intercultural phenomenon, and teaching argumentation skills. The first part focuses on the issue of argumentation patterns preferred by both internauts and companies in the digital world. Argumentative speech acts, such as protesting or apologizing, are discussed on the basis of various text types, for instance German and Arabic protests on Twitter, answers given by companies to customers’ online complaints, and „About us” sections on German private school websites. The second part, which is based on German and Arabic online complaints, is devoted to intercultural politeness and impoliteness in German and Arabic argumentation. The third part is centered around developing argumentation skills during classes in German as a foreign or second language. The value of the monograph is enhanced by the fact that it contrastively thematizes German and Arabic multimodal argumentation styles, which is a new and little explored research field. It is also important that the impact of modern communication forms in the new media on argumentation patterns and practices in both cultures has been considered. Due to its topicality and the presentation of the themes in an original manner, the publication might be of interest to linguists, particularly those researching argumentation.

Abdel-Hafiez Massud

This paper addresses the role of intertextuality as a part of argumentative competence of prospective students with and without first language German in written reasoning. An explicit and an implicit concept for the analysis of intertextuality is proposed. The focus of the analysis is a corpus of 40 articles, written by students. The test subjects are on the one hand 20 students who have German as their first language or who were born and socialized in Germany, and on the other 20 students with a migrant background who have a different first language (e. g. Turkish, Serbian, Croatian, Albanian, Arabic, Kurdish, etc. ). The aim of the analysis of this authentic corpus is to try to find empirically supported answers to the following questions: Which elements of intertextuality are found in students‘ texts at the upper level? By which elements of intertextuality are which argument types constructed? Are there differences between students with German as their first language and those with German as Second Language (= DaZ)? And how relevant are the respective arguments? After discussing the different concepts of intertextuality, this paper formulates its own definition. My method is quantitative and at the same time qualitative. The article addresses questions to the corpus, e. g. whether there are explicit or implicit elements of intertextuality; And if so, which ones? And to which reference texts (e. g. texts, authority, experience, world and media knowledge, etc.) could these elements of intertextuality be traced? And which of the identified elements serve to construct or present an argument (e. g. authority arguments, analogy arguments)? The paper concludes that most of the arguments constructed intertextually are the authority arguments, the analogy, and generalization arguments. In addition, the article comes to the conclusion that the directly or indirectly quoted texts were often misunderstood or manipulated. The paper therefore argues for a more conscious inclusion of intertextual competence in argumentation didactics.

S. Reich-Schupke, W. Schmeller, W. Brauer et al.

Sarah Salm, S. Hille, Rolf Wüstenhagen

Elena Di Cesare

The book is an object which can be considered as a window in the novel Die unendliche Geschichte (1979) written by Michael Ende. It allows Bastian to look at the world of Phantasien and to communicate indirectly with the Childlike Empress. Furthermore, this object will show its function as an symbol of evolution, which will enable the passage of the protagonist into the world of Phantasien: first the book appears as a window, then it becomes a two-way-mirror that allows Bastian and Atreju to look at each other, and finally it turns into a gate which enables them to live many adventures together. Die unendliche Geschichte can be considered as a modern Bildungsroman in which the young protagonist gradually reaches his maturation. This progress must be seen in a psychological perspective: it is the growth of a child-mind through literature which makes reference to the German novel tradition but also (as children’s literature) to the world of unconsciousness.

Dario Marchiori

Science-Fiction, as a genre and especially as a thought of the space-time, is central in Alexander Kluge’s work since the Sixties. This article proposes an analysis of Kluge’s appropriation and critical reinterpretation of Science-Fiction around 1970, and its subsequent generalization. If Outer Space and the Future are generally “external” zones which allow the utopian projection, Kluge rather uses them as the locus of its dystopian reversal, which he will develop and accomplish in his book Learning Processes with a Deadly Outcome (1973). Facing the permanent failure of the utopia, the “science-fictional”-principle allows Kluge, far beyond his SF-production, to make the utopian yearning reappear at the heart of his catastrophic tales, carrying on his reflection about the “dialectic of Enlightenment”. In this way, the conflagration between present and “the rest of time” (A. Kluge) and the crossing of knowledge (science) and imagination (fiction) become a general method of work based on “metaphorical” thinking.