Hasil untuk "Environmental protection"

P. Mangtani, I. Abubakar, C. Ariti et al.

Tejaswini C. Herath, H. Rao

C. Arnold, C. Gibbons

Ruxi Wang, F. Wijen, P. Heugens

Jiefeng Xiao, Jia Li, Zhenming Xu

Spent lithium ion battery (LIB) recovery is becoming quite urgent for environmental protection and social needs due to the rapid progress in LIB industries. However, recycling technologies cannot keep up with the exaltation of the LIB market. Technological improvement of processing spent batteries is necessary for industrial application. In this paper, spent LIB recovery processes are classified into three steps for discussion: gathering electrode materials, separating metal elements, and recycling separated metals. Detailed discussion and analysis are conducted in every step to provide beneficial advice for environmental protection and technology improvement of spent LIB recovery. Besides, the practical industrial recycling processes are introduced according to their advantages and disadvantages. And some recommendations are provided for existing problems. Based on current recycling technologies, the challenges for spent LIB recovery are summarized and discussed from technological and environmental perspectives. Furthermore, great effort should be made to promote the development of spent LIB recovery in future research as follows: (1) gathering high-purity electrode materials by mechanical pretreatment; (2) green metals leaching from electrode materials; (3) targeted extraction of metals from electrode materials.

Yingyuan Guo, Xingneng Xia, Sheng Zhang et al.

The “environmental pollution–economic development” circle is a problem in the process of national sustainable development. As a complex concept of environmental protection and technology innovation, green technology innovation is the key to cracking this strange circle. This paper divides green technology innovation into green product innovation and green process innovation and measures green technology innovation based on the perspective of energy saving and emission reduction. Furthermore, we examine the effects of environmental regulation and government RD (2) direct government funding and tax incentives can promote green technology innovation, but the promotion of government tax incentives to green technology innovation is not significant; (3) the interaction between environmental regulation and government R&D will promote green product innovation and inhibit green process innovation, which is closely related to the imbalance of environmental regulation intensity in energy saving and emission reduction. In addition, this paper also gives out three kinds of control variables (the level of regional development, the proportion of the regional manufacturing industry, and the development level of regional export-oriented economy) and presents their effects on green technology innovation.

Szu‐Tung Lin, H. Niu

The 2015 Paris Agreement is the first historical global accord aiming to palliate global warming. Climate change has caused ecological, economic, and social disasters, among other things and has made not only nations review their environmental protection issues but also the consumers paying more attention to the environment and encouraging green oriented buying behaviors. This study targets Taiwan's consumers, and 649 valid questionnaires were recovered. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to extract the trait factors, whereas confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used for the verification of the scale and structural model, respectively. The result shows that the consumers' environmental knowledge, environmental consciousness, and the social norms have had a positive effect on their environmental attitude, as do their environmental knowledge and the social norms to a sense of well‐being. Consumers purchasing intention and behavior are pointing towards green products. Therefore, companies need to respond to the consumers' demand and fulfill their social responsibility to release the green products so as to satisfy the consumers' needs.

J. Kaushal, Madhu Khatri, S. Arya

Pesticides have been used in the field of agriculture ever since their role in protection of crops from pests which include four different categories namely insects, mites, rodents and animals has been identified. Organophosphate pesticides are one of the most extensively applied insecticides in the field of agriculture such that around 40% of all the pesticides that are produced and used commercially belong to this category. The main toxicological effect of these pesticides when exposed to a living being encompasses the irremediable inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme which is involved in the neurotransmission of signals and hence its inhibition causes impairment of the respiratory tract and neuromuscular transmission. Apart from being used as a pesticide, organophosphates have also been applied as herbicides to some extent. The residues of these highly toxic chemicals have found route into the underground water system by seeping into the ground, in rivers where the agricultural run off water is disposed, and in the air when sprayed on the crops hence posing a threat to all the living strata exposed to these chemicals in various ways which are discussed further. Many significant studies have been carried out in order to evaluate the health risks associated with these pesticides which commonly include acute neurological disorders. This review emphasizes on the toxicological effects of organophosphate pesticides and the recent methods of detection that are used to identify trace amounts of organophosphate pesticides along with strategies which are used for their degradation.

G. Boussarie, Judith Bakker, O. Wangensteen et al.

Environmental DNA reveals unsuspected shark diversity and calls for monitoring and protection of residual populations. In the era of “Anthropocene defaunation,” large species are often no longer detected in habitats where they formerly occurred. However, it is unclear whether this apparent missing, or “dark,” diversity of megafauna results from local species extirpations or from failure to detect elusive remaining individuals. We find that despite two orders of magnitude less sampling effort, environmental DNA (eDNA) detects 44% more shark species than traditional underwater visual censuses and baited videos across the New Caledonian archipelago (south-western Pacific). Furthermore, eDNA analysis reveals the presence of previously unobserved shark species in human-impacted areas. Overall, our results highlight a greater prevalence of sharks than described by traditional survey methods in both impacted and wilderness areas. This indicates an urgent need for large-scale eDNA assessments to improve monitoring of threatened and elusive megafauna. Finally, our findings emphasize the need for conservation efforts specifically geared toward the protection of elusive, residual populations.

Nicolas Raineri, P. Paillé

G. Boca, Sinan Saraçlı

Environmental education and education for the environment today play an important role toward sustainability. Environmental education provided by higher education institutions has an important impact on training and preparing the future generation for a green society. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among perception, attitude, and environmental behavior of the university students enrolled in different specialization fields (engineering electrical, mechanical, and economic). A total of 358 students participated in this survey conducted at the North Center University of Baia Mare. To collect data to measure students’ environmental education, perception, students’ attitudes, and behavior a Likert scale was used. In this study, it was revealed that students receiving academic education are involved in activities regarding environmental protection (volunteer, warning, participation, recycling of materials) using the new product and “greener” alternative energy. As a result of the t-test performed, it was put forward that there was no difference in their level of perception regarding the importance of environmental education. As a result of the correlation analysis, a positive relation was identified between the perception, attitude, and behavior variables.

Xiaofeng Li, Leyi Sheng, Zhen Sun et al.

With the rapid advancement of image-to-video (I2V) generation models, their potential for misuse in creating malicious content has become a significant concern. For instance, a single image can be exploited to generate a fake video, which can be used to attract attention and gain benefits. This phenomenon is referred to as an I2V generation misuse. Existing image protection methods suffer from the absence of a unified benchmark, leading to an incomplete evaluation framework. Furthermore, these methods have not been systematically assessed in I2V generation scenarios and against preprocessing attacks, which complicates the evaluation of their effectiveness in real-world deployment scenarios.To address this challenge, we propose IP-Bench (Image Protection Bench), the first systematic benchmark designed to evaluate protection methods in I2V generation scenarios. This benchmark examines 6 representative protection methods and 5 state-of-the-art I2V models. Furthermore, our work systematically evaluates protection methods' robustness with two robustness attack strategies under practical scenarios and analyzes their cross-model & cross-modality transferability. Overall, IP-Bench establishes a systematic, reproducible, and extensible evaluation framework for image protection methods in I2V generation scenarios.

Dong Wang, Lubo Zhou, Liyun Xie et al.

IntroductionHigh-voltage circuit breakers are core control and protection equipment in power systems, and their operational status directly affects device stability and power grid security. Improving the accuracy of their fault detection is a key demand for the operation and maintenance of power equipment.MethodsThis study proposes a fault detection method for high-voltage circuit breakers based on multi-source information and motion analysis. First, a 1-dimensional recurrent neural network (1DRNN) is used to analyze voiceprint and current signals to extract feature data related to the mechanical state of the operating mechanism. Second, a physics-informed transfer learning network model consisting of a Common Feature Learning Network (CFLN) and a Mechanical Feature Learning Network (MFLN) is constructed to explore shared features between multi-source signals and mechanical parameters and extract specific features of individual mechanical parameters in a targeted manner. Meanwhile, a multi-head attention mechanism is integrated to enhance the model’s ability to capture key features, and a physics-based loss function is designed to improve the physical consistency of the model during mechanical parameter identification.ResultsExperimental verification shows that the proposed method achieves a fault diagnosis accuracy of over 93% for high-voltage circuit breakers, and the model can still maintain high diagnostic stability and detection accuracy under noise interference conditions.DiscussionThrough the design of deep fusion of multi-source signals and embedding of physical information, this method makes up for the information defects of single-signal diagnosis, solves the problem of lack of physical consistency in data-driven models, and improves the environmental adaptability of fault diagnosis models, providing a practical technical solution for the intelligent fault diagnosis of high-voltage circuit breakers.

Lakhdar Fatima, Benhniya Bouchra, Mabrouki Selma et al.

Pesticides, as chemical compounds, are used to control various plant diseases. However, their excessive use in the croplands shows implications for human and environmental health. Nevertheless, the deployment of alternative approaches would seem to be necessary. Natural bioactive molecules derived from seaweeds are recognised for their several biological activities and can help plant survival by providing protection against stress imposed by pathogens. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-phytopathogenic activities of seaweed extracts collected from the coast of El Jadida, Morocco. In this study, we analysed the in vitro antimicrobial activity of seaweed extracts and their ability to protect plants in vivo against fungal and bacterial diseases. Defence-related enzyme activity analyses were conducted to determine whether these extracts could stimulate resistance mechanisms. The extracts used significantly inhibited the growth of the strains (Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium culmorum, Alternaria alternata, Sclerotium rolfsii, Dickeya dadantii, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and Pectobacterium brasiliensis) in vitro; on the other hand, the use of seaweed extracts directly by spraying significantly reduced plant disease severity by up to 90%. This protective ability was associated with the activation of growth parameters. Pre-treated plants exhibited significantly higher activity levels of the defence enzymes. In conclusion, seaweed extracts showed promising anti-phytopathogenic activities; they are a source of bioactive compounds with potential agricultural applications that could be of considerable economic interest to sustainable agriculture.

P. Senthamaraikannan, Narayana Perumal Sunesh, Divya Divakaran et al.

Abstract Environmental protection is the key impetus for research into the utilisation of weeds derived from plants in this sector. Waste materials exhibit a wide range of potential uses, particularly following the recycling procedure. The study’s methodology included the leaves of eucalyptus plants growing on trees. To enhance the efficacy of cellulose extraction from waste, many chemical processes may be employed, including bleaching, neutralisation, alkalization, slow pyrolysis, and acid hydrolysis. Fourier transform spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction analysis were all employed in order to obtain additional data regarding the separated cellulose. The crystalline size of the cellulose powder that was extracted was determined to be 9.81 nm, and it had a significant crystallinity index of 70.34%. When subjected to scanning electron microscopy, a spherical and abrasive surface is detected. As seen by the differential thermogram curve, the highest temperature at which deterioration takes place is 321.50 °C. The micro-sized particles, which have a diameter between 150 and 220 μm on average, are identified by using ImageJ. The extracted Eucalyptus teriticornis leaves cellulose’s density is 1.513 g/cm3. The yield percentage was exceptionally ordinary as 48.04%. Therefore, by improving its qualities, cellulose might potentially gain more viability for future uses.

Clara Brandi, Jakob Schwab, Axel Berger et al.

Abstract Environmental provisions in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are increasing in terms of their number and variety. The economic effects of these environmental provisions remain largely unclear. It is, therefore, necessary to determine whether the trend to incorporate environmental provisions in PTAs counteracts the goal to spur economic development through trade via these PTAs. This is the first article in which the trade effects of environmental provisions in PTAs are thoroughly investigated. The spotlight is put on developing countries for which the assumed trade-off between economic development and environmental protection is particularly acute. This article buses a new fine-grained dataset on a broad range of environmental provisions in 680 PTAs, combined with a panel of worldwide bilateral trade flows from 1984 to 2016. We show that environmental provisions can help reduce dirty exports and increase green exports from developing countries. This effect is particularly pronounced in developing countries with stringent environmental regulations. By investigating how environmental provisions in PTAs affect trade flows, this article contributes to the literature on the following topics: international trade and the environment; design and impacts of trade agreements; and greening the economy in developing countries. It also shows that the design of trade agreements matters. Environmental provisions can be used as targeted policy tools to promote the green transformation and to leverage synergies between the economic and environmental effects of including environmental provisions in trade agreements.

D. Abessa, A. Famá, L. Buruaem

Effie Kesidou, Lichao Wu

Using the variation in pollution reduction targets across provinces and time variations (before and after the eleventh Five-Year Plan), we examine the impact of stricter environmental regulation upon the production of green patents by firms in China. We find that Chinese manufacturing firms, located in provinces with stricter pollution targets, produced a higher volume and intensity of green patents. Our results suggest that stricter environmental regulatory frameworks in emerging economies are not only combating pollution, but also shifting the innovation activities of manufacturing firms towards building a stock of knowledge in environmental protection. This process, undoubtedly, has the potential to generate disruptive eco-innovations.

Junjie Cao, Kaizhou Li, Xinchun Yu et al.

With the rapid development of generative technology, current generative models can generate high-fidelity digital content and edit it in a controlled manner. However, there is a risk that malicious individuals might misuse these capabilities for misleading activities. Although existing research has attempted to shield photographic images from being manipulated by generative models, there remains a significant disparity in the protection offered to video content editing. To bridge the gap, we propose a protection method named VideoGuard, which can effectively protect videos from unauthorized malicious editing. This protection is achieved through the subtle introduction of nearly unnoticeable perturbations that interfere with the functioning of the intended generative diffusion models. Due to the redundancy between video frames, and inter-frame attention mechanism in video diffusion models, simply applying image-based protection methods separately to every video frame can not shield video from unauthorized editing. To tackle the above challenge, we adopt joint frame optimization, treating all video frames as an optimization entity. Furthermore, we extract video motion information and fuse it into optimization objectives. Thus, these alterations can effectively force the models to produce outputs that are implausible and inconsistent. We provide a pipeline to optimize this perturbation. Finally, we use both objective metrics and subjective metrics to demonstrate the efficacy of our method, and the results show that the protection performance of VideoGuard is superior to all the baseline methods.

Masaaki Inaba, Eizo Akiyama

Cooperation is fundamental to human societies. While several basic theoretical mechanisms underlying its evolution have been established, research addressing more realistic settings remains underdeveloped. Drawing on the hypothesis that intensified environmental fluctuations drove early behavioral evolution in humans during the Middle Stone Age in Africa, we examine the effects of environmental variability and human mobility on the evolution of cooperation. In our model, the variability is represented by randomly moving resource-rich spots across a two-dimensional space, and the mobility is represented by resource-seeking migration of agents. These agents interact cooperatively or competitively for resources while adopting behavioral strategies from more successful neighbors. Through extensive simulations of this model, we reveal three key findings: (i) with sufficient agent mobility, even modest environmental variability promotes cooperation, but further variability does not enhance cooperation; (ii) with any level of environmental variability, agent mobility promotes cooperation; and (iii) these effects occur because the joint effect of environmental variability and agent mobility disrupts defector groups in resource-rich areas, forming cooperator groups on those sites. Although previous studies examine environmental variability and mobility separately, to our knowledge this is the first study to analyze their joint effects on the evolution of cooperation. These findings suggest that environmental variability can promote cooperative group formation without enhanced cognitive abilities, providing new insights into the evolution of human cooperation and, by extension, sociality.