The effect of growth in the youth population, education level, and population dependency on the labour market and economic growth has been discussed in this research. The study seeks to analyse the complex interaction between population growth of the youths, education, employment and economic growth in Saudi Arabia. A quantitative method and statistical analysis were used to analyse the results of the survey of 400 respondents. The study reveals that there exists a positive relationship between youth population growth and labour market conditions and economic growth. The respondents also achieved academic success that is also associated with labor market conditions and the economic environment, and such factors as the population dependency ratio are also linked to economic growth. The study indicated that focusing on the reduction of youth unemployment and dependency can help Saudi Arabia launch the process of economic development for sustainable growth.
The emergence of a new type of society in the wake of the information and digital revolution – Society 5.0. – is accompanied by social polarization, contributing to the occurrence and spread of technocratic metaphors with their humanitarian interpretation, generally complicating the formation of new realities and hindering their perception. This began to manifest itself during a period of rapid transformations in monetary circulation, when the cryptocurrency turned into a full-fledged innovative narrative, prompting the authorities to take retaliatory measures to curb the backstage sector of alternative finance. At the same time, there is no holistic, definite and understandable vision of the vector of digital transformation of the payment and settlement space, there is no concretization of the concept, theoretical approaches are not detailed, there is no prototype of the tested solution, no White Paper has been published, a high level of secrecy of piloting results is recorded, etc. Under these conditions, phrases applied to the sphere of money circulation and containing the word «digital» in their formulations most often look like a technocratic metaphor to attract public attention. However, the formal enumeration of breakthrough technologies and the local selective nature of their use as a criterion for digital transformation do not reveal either the essence of the technologies themselves or the «breakthroughs» into society 5.0. The historical perspective of the causal relationship between the cryptocurrency industry and the digital currencies of central banks, as well as an interactive approach to improving the settlement and payment space, taking into account the change in customer-oriented concepts to human-centricity, allow us to identify existing technocratic metaphors regarding the legislative interpretation of the digital ruble and establish the dichotomy of the virtual settlement and payment space (separation into digital and electronic).
This study investigates the impact of learning organization principles on the performance and quality of business operations within organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research aims to identify key principles of learning organizations that significantly influence perceived business performance and quality of organizational operations, and to evaluate the extent to which organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be considered learning organizations. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing a survey method to collect data from 154 employees who are representatives of Bosnian and Herzegovinian companies across various industries. The survey, distributed via Google Forms, measured six dimensions of learning organizations—systems thinking, shared vision, team learning and collaboration, leadership and employee empowerment, organizational culture, and learning environment—alongside four dimensions of business performance and quality—financial performance, internal processes, customer service, and learning, growth, and innovation. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that shared vision, leadership and empowerment, organizational culture, and learning environment significantly and positively influence business performance and quality. However, systems thinking and team collaboration did not show statistically significant effects. The findings suggest that fostering a shared vision, empowering leadership, a supportive organizational culture, and a conducive learning environment are critical for enhancing organizational performance and quality. These insights provide valuable implications for organizations aiming to adopt learning organization principles to improve their business outcomes.
Economic theory. Demography, Business records management
У статті представлено аналіз термінології та авторське визначення терміну "небанківська фінансова установа". На основі дослідження вітчизняної нормативно-правової бази та підходів інституцій ЄС до регулювання ринку небанківських фінансових установ запропоновано систематизацію методів їх регулювання з боку НБУ. Відзначено, що характерними ознаками небанківських фінансових установ є: належність до фінансового ринку як надавача послуг, функціонування на підставі ліцензування, надання фінансових послуг, які не належать до банківських, впровадження ризикорієнтованого підходу та систем моніторингу, вагомий вплив на зростання системних ризиків через тісний зв'язок банківського та небанківського секторів, вплив на розвиток економіки країни через наявний інвестиційний потенціал, гнучкість у впровадженні технологічних інновацій, диверсифікованість форм, методів та інструментів державного регулювання та нагляду.
We present an analysis of Bogot'{a}'s sports sector through thermostatistical models applied to economic systems. The study investigates the cross-price elasticity of income ($λ$) to determine whether sports services in Bogot'{a} are normal or inferior goods. Analyzing data from the Sports Satellite Account of Bogot'{a} (CSDB) from 2018 to 2022, we find that demand for sports services is highly elastic, particularly during economic upturns, indicating they are seen as normal or luxury goods. We also calculate the partition function, entropy, and heat capacity, showing consistency with the Boltzmann Principle, which indicates a strong correlation between microstates and the macroeconomic state, supporting the statistical thermodynamic framework. Furthermore, the study employs geometrothermodynamics to assess system stability using Kretschmann and Ricci scalars to identify economic singularities, especially during the pandemic, highlighting its disruptive impact. This approach provides a nuanced understanding of system stability and the effects of external shocks like COVID-19 on the economic structure. Our analysis demonstrates that Bogot'{a}'s sports sector responds elastically to GDP changes, with stability influenced by various macroeconomic factors. However, a decline in heat capacity as economic temperature rises suggests potential growth limitations, necessitating further research to fully grasp the sector's long-term outlook.
Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used for writing economic analysis reports or providing financial advice, but their ability to understand economic knowledge and reason about potential results of specific economic events lacks systematic evaluation. To address this gap, we propose a new dataset, natural language inference on economic events (EconNLI), to evaluate LLMs' knowledge and reasoning abilities in the economic domain. We evaluate LLMs on (1) their ability to correctly classify whether a premise event will cause a hypothesis event and (2) their ability to generate reasonable events resulting from a given premise. Our experiments reveal that LLMs are not sophisticated in economic reasoning and may generate wrong or hallucinated answers. Our study raises awareness of the limitations of using LLMs for critical decision-making involving economic reasoning and analysis. The dataset and codes are available at https://github.com/Irenehere/EconNLI.
Subject. Remote work as a form of work management has become a fact of life for education, consulting and IT companies, banks, government agencies, trading companies, and other areas. The issue of managing employees’ values by shaping, maintaining, and developing organisational culture in Russian companies has become acute. The fact that managers from all levels appeared to be unprepared for the realities of remote work aggravated the problem of work motivation and reduced the loyalty of the personnel to the employer.
Objectives. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of remote work management on the components of organisational culture. The study is important and timely since it identifies the most problematic components of organisational culture which require further maintenance and development.
Methodology. The research methodology is based on rational cognition (concept, judgement, inference) and procedures of logical inference and conceptual framework for value management. To achieve the set goal the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, and comparison. The results of the study were systematised using the structure of organisational culture components proposed by F. Harris and R. Moeran. The attitude of employees to various aspects of organisational culture was studied by conducting an online survey among university educators in Omsk and IT specialists from a Russian commercial bank.
Conclusions: The results of the study showed a negative impact of remote work on half of the components of organisational culture, 30% of the components were neutral to the impact of remote employment and 10% experienced a positive impact. The obtained results should be taken into consideration by managers from all management levels since organisational culture is an effective tool for strategic management that allows maintaining employee loyalty to the corporate brand.
Стаття присвячена вивченню використання інструментів LEAN-менеджменту підприємствами в умовах кризи. Саме LEAN-менеджмент дає можливість досягти головних завдань підприємства в умовах кризи по збереженню продуктивності колективу та для максимально якісного використання наявних ресурсів. В статті коротко представлено історію становлення даної філософії, основні принципи, інструменти та концептуальну модель впровадження LEAN-менеджменту на підприємстві. Особливо зосереджено увагу на взаємодії персоналу та менеджменту підприємства щодо досягнення цілей ощадного управління. Обґрунтовано доцільність використання саме LEAN-менеджменту в умовах криз на противагу антикризовому управлінню, оскільки філософія LEAN є більш соціально відповідальною. Також запропоновані першочергові кроки менеджменту підприємства по впровадженню LEAN-управління в умовах кризи.
Currently, the external conditions for the functioning of industrial enterprises are formed in such a way that the achievement of their goals is seen impossible without the implementation of innovative activities. Due to the high cost of innovations, as well as the need to conduct these processes on an ongoing basis, industrial enterprises lack their own funds to finance innovation activities. The state is interested in the innovative development of industrial enterprises. This is one of the reasons why it participates in the formation of their funding sources. The article substantiates the need for state support, as well as analyzes the options for its provision by type of financing sources. For each type of sources, options for providing large-scale support, implying a large coverage area, as well as point-directed support, are also highlighted.
Pietro Biroli, Titus J. Galama, Stephanie von Hinke
et al.
Economists and social scientists have debated the relative importance of nature (one's genes) and nurture (one's environment) for decades, if not centuries. This debate can now be informed by the ready availability of genetic data in a growing number of social science datasets. This paper explores the potential uses of genetic data in economics, with a focus on estimating the interplay between nature (genes) and nurture (environment). We discuss how economists can benefit from incorporating genetic data into their analyses even when they do not have a direct interest in estimating genetic effects. We argue that gene--environment (GxE) studies can be instrumental for (i) testing economic theory, (ii) uncovering economic or behavioral mechanisms, and (iii) analyzing treatment effect heterogeneity, thereby improving the understanding of how (policy) interventions affect population subgroups. We introduce the reader to essential genetic terminology, develop a conceptual economic model to interpret gene-environment interplay, and provide practical guidance to empirical researchers.
This article aims to empirically analyze the representation variables of the 5C Cycle of developing collective capabilities in social innovations: Capital, Conscientization, Conciliation, Collaboration, and Confluence. It brings relevance to studies in the area, as well as a contribution to strategies that develop collective capabilities in social initiatives. A study of the multiple cases of the Paraibana Network of Community Development Banks was constructed. It became evident that the use of capital and confluence practices are reflected mainly in the diffusion of practices of the initiatives. It is concluded, from a collective capabilities perspective, that the analysis of this framework in real contexts subsidizes collective capability development practices and promotes improved management of social innovation initiatives and the consequent local development.
Mục đích của bài viết nhằm phân tích tác động của yếu tố văn hóa - xã hội trong phát triển du lịch đến chất lượng cuộc sống của cộng đồng địa phương tại Nha Trang. Dựa trên lý thuyết trao đổi xã hội, một mẫu thuận tiện với 400 đáp viên đã được thu thập và phân tích bằng phần mềm SPSS 25.0. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, cộng đồng địa phương nhận thức được những tác động tích cực và tiêu cực của môi trường văn hóa - xã hội đến chất lượng cuộc sống. Đồng thời, chất lượng cuộc sống như là một yếu tố dự báo cho sự tham gia, hỗ trợ phát triển du lịch của cộng đồng địa phương. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu, tác giả đã đề xuất một số kiến nghị giúp chính quyền địa phương có những chiến lược phát triển nhằm nâng cao chất lượng cuộc sống của cộng đồng địa phương, tăng cường sự tham gia và ủng hộ của cộng đồng, từ đó giúp thành phố biển Nha Trang hướng đến phát triển du lịch bền vững.
This paper presents the issues encountered in the adoption of the crossfunctional organization type by the modern enterprises, since the old bureaucratic organization is not any more suitable to the present environment complexity. Apparently, the cross-functional organization seems to be a utopia, due to its difficult implementation. The cross-functional organization is possible only when an enterprise is able to develop cross-functional states of action: decomposition and recomposition of processual organization, of enterprise assembly and of structural organization. An achievable solution for the cross-functional organization of the enterprise is possible if the cohabitation between the old and new organization types of is preserved. The system of cross-functional organization may include the subsystems: operational, information and communication, and instrumental. The cross-functional organization also requires a careful investigation of its internal and external environment.
Economics as a science, Business records management
This survey provides an exposition of a suite of techniques based on the theory of polynomials, collectively referred to as polynomial methods, which have recently been applied to address several challenging problems in statistical inference successfully. Topics including polynomial approximation, polynomial interpolation and majorization, moment space and positive polynomials, orthogonal polynomials and Gaussian quadrature are discussed, with their major probabilistic and statistical applications in property estimation on large domains and learning mixture models. These techniques provide useful tools not only for the design of highly practical algorithms with provable optimality, but also for establishing the fundamental limits of the inference problems through the method of moment matching. The effectiveness of the polynomial method is demonstrated in concrete problems such as entropy and support size estimation, distinct elements problem, and learning Gaussian mixture models.
Jose Maria Manzano, David Muñoz de la Peña, Daniel Limon
This paper presents an economic model predictive controller, under the assumption that the only measurable signal of the plant is the economic cost to be minimized. In order to forecast the evolution of this economic cost for a given input trajectory, a prediction model with a NARX structure, the so-called oracle, is proposed. Sufficient conditions to ensure the existence of such oracle are studied, proving that it can be derived for a general nonlinear system if the economic cost function is a Morse function. Based on this oracle, economic model predictive controllers are proposed, and their stability is demonstrated in nominal conditions under a standard dissipativity assumption. The viability of these controllers in practical settings (where the oracle may provide imperfect predictions for generic inputs) is proven by means of input-to-state stability. These properties have been illustrated in a case study based on a continuously stirred tank reactor.
Migration flows are an acute problem for the EU, which has led to a change in EU`s policy not only in the
field of security, but in general when it comes to foreign policy. Both EU legislation on the processing asylum
applications and the return procedure have been changed, as well as how the EU secures its borders, destabilizes
migration routes and seeks to resolve the issue at the source by supporting the creation of a better environment in
African and Middle East conflict zones. The purpose of this article is to see to what extent it is or is not profitable to
receive and process migrants at EU borders, to accept or remit them, but also to underline EU`s actions to solve the
root causes of the migration phenomenon. The EU must focus its efforts on destabilizing migration routes and
resolving problems in conflict areas through concentrated action and with de support of other actors involved.
Commercial geography. Economic geography, Economics as a science
Cultural ties are primarily based on economic relations between Poland and Azerbaijan. These links, which date back to the fifteenth century, have always been in the ascending direction. The visits of Azerbaijani intellectuals to Poland in the 19th century, as well as the interest of Polish Orientalists to Azerbaijani literature and culture are indicative of this. The great epic “Koroglu”, created by the Azerbaijani people, was first published by Polish Orientalists and published as a book. In addition, at the beginning of the 20th century, the most magnificent architectural monuments in Baku were created by Polish architects. After Russia's occupation of Azerbaijan, a significant number of prominent intellectuals fled to Poland. The policy pursued by Azerbaijan in the cultural, economic and political spheres since the 1990s is a new milestone in the history of both Poland and Azerbaijan. All of this makes it clear that historical links are on the rise.
In these proceedings we summarize previous work where we formalize a general concept of algebraic field theories using operads. After giving a gentle reminder of algebraic quantum field theory, operads and their algebras, we construct field theory operads, whose algebras are exactly algebraic field theories. Specifically, they satisfy a suitable version of the Einstein causality axiom. From this construction we get adjunctions between different types of field theories, including adjunctions related to local-to-global extensions and the time-slice axiom, and a quantization functor for linear field theories that is compatible with these structures. We also take first steps towards a derived linear quantization functor.
Abstract Research on mortality modeling of multiple populations focuses mainly on extrapolating past mortality trends and summarizing these trends by one or more common latent factors. This article proposes a multipopulation stochastic mortality model that uses the explanatory power of economic growth. In particular, we extend the Li and Lee model (Li and Lee 2005) by including economic growth, represented by the real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, to capture the common mortality trend for a group of populations with similar socioeconomic conditions. We find that our proposed model provides a better in-sample fit and an out-of-sample forecast performance. Moreover, it generates lower (higher) forecasted period life expectancy for countries with high (low) GDP per capita than the Li and Lee model.