Hasil untuk "Economic growth, development, planning"

Joel M Thomas, Abhijit Chakraborty

This study investigates the economic complexity of Indian states by constructing a state-industry bipartite network using firm-level data on registered companies and their paid-up capital. We compute the Economic Complexity Index and apply the fitness-complexity algorithm to quantify the diversity and sophistication of productive capabilities across the Indian states and two union territories. The results reveal substantial heterogeneity in regional capability structures, with states such as Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Delhi exhibiting consistently high complexity, while others remain concentrated in ubiquitous, low-value industries. The analysis also shows a strong positive relationship between complexity metrics and per-capita Gross State Domestic Product, underscoring the role of capability accumulation in shaping economic performance. Additionally, the number of active firms in India demonstrates a persistent exponential growth at an annual rate of 11.2%, reflecting ongoing formalization and industrial expansion. The ordered binary matrix displays the characteristic triangular structure observed in complexity studies, validating the applicability of complexity frameworks at the sub-national level. This work highlights the usefulness of firm-based data for assessing regional productive structures and emphasizes the importance of capability-oriented strategies for fostering balanced and sustainable development across Indian states. By demonstrating the usefulness of firm registry data in data constrained environments, this study advances the empirical application of economic complexity methods and provides a quantitative foundation for capability-oriented industrial and regional policy in India.

Oluwatosin Oseni, Shengjie Wang, Jun Zhu et al.

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown remarkable success in real-world applications, particularly in robotics control. However, RL adoption remains limited due to insufficient safety guarantees. We introduce Nightmare Dreamer, a model-based Safe RL algorithm that addresses safety concerns by leveraging a learned world model to predict potential safety violations and plan actions accordingly. Nightmare Dreamer achieves nearly zero safety violations while maximizing rewards. Nightmare Dreamer outperforms model-free baselines on Safety Gymnasium tasks using only image observations, achieving nearly a 20x improvement in efficiency.

Orit Broza

The future of innovation and economic growth depends on our ability to nurture the next generation of scientists. The global shortage of qualified STEM (Science, Technology, engineering, Mathematics) teachers has led many countries to expedite the transition of subject-matter experts from industry and academia into teaching roles. These second-career science student teachers typically participate in accelerated training programs designed to address urgent shortages. This study addresses a gap in the literature regarding effective pedagogical interventions for career-changing professionals in STEM fields, focusing on the experience and transformation of second-career science student teachers. This qualitative case study explores how a Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) course fosters the development of pedagogical competences via developing an instructional unit collaboratively, among five second-career science student teachers enrolled in an accelerated teacher education program. Drawing on data collected through instructors’ field notes, iterative work-in-progress lesson drafts, and reflective final papers, the study employs qualitative content analysis to trace changes in participants’ instructional approaches and professional identity. Findings reveal that engagement with the CBL framework promoted a significant shift from teacher-centered to learner-centered instruction, as participants increasingly integrated collaborative learning, inquiry-based activities, and reflective practices into their lesson planning and classroom teaching. The iterative nature of CBL, which emphasizes real-world problem-solving and structured opportunities for reflection and peer feedback, was instrumental in supporting participants’ adaptive expertise and confidence as novice teachers. Moreover, the course experience contributed to the emergence of a professional teaching identity, with participants reporting greater self-efficacy, a stronger sense of belonging to the teaching community, and increased motivation to persist in the profession. The results underscore the potential of integrating CBL and learning sciences principles into accelerated teacher preparation programs to enhance both cognitive and affective dimensions of teacher development.

Michael Wehrli, Alicia Durrer, Paul Friedrich et al.

To treat Trochlear Dysplasia (TD), current approaches rely mainly on low-resolution clinical Magnetic Resonance (MR) scans and surgical intuition. The surgeries are planned based on surgeons experience, have limited adoption of minimally invasive techniques, and lead to inconsistent outcomes. We propose a pipeline that generates super-resolved, patient-specific 3D pseudo-healthy target morphologies from conventional clinical MR scans. First, we compute an isotropic super-resolved MR volume using an Implicit Neural Representation (INR). Next, we segment femur, tibia, patella, and fibula with a multi-label custom-trained network. Finally, we train a Wavelet Diffusion Model (WDM) to generate pseudo-healthy target morphologies of the trochlear region. In contrast to prior work producing pseudo-healthy low-resolution 3D MR images, our approach enables the generation of sub-millimeter resolved 3D shapes compatible for pre- and intraoperative use. These can serve as preoperative blueprints for reshaping the femoral groove while preserving the native patella articulation. Furthermore, and in contrast to other work, we do not require a CT for our pipeline - reducing the amount of radiation. We evaluated our approach on 25 TD patients and could show that our target morphologies significantly improve the sulcus angle (SA) and trochlear groove depth (TGD). The code and interactive visualization are available at https://wehrlimi.github.io/sr-3d-planning/.

Yanqing Yang, Xingcheng Xu, Jinfeng Ge et al.

This paper aims to explore the application of machine learning in forecasting Chinese macroeconomic variables. Specifically, it employs various machine learning models to predict the quarterly real GDP growth of China, and analyzes the factors contributing to the performance differences among these models. Our findings indicate that the average forecast errors of machine learning models are generally lower than those of traditional econometric models or expert forecasts, particularly in periods of economic stability. However, during certain inflection points, although machine learning models still outperform traditional econometric models, expert forecasts may exhibit greater accuracy in some instances due to experts' more comprehensive understanding of the macroeconomic environment and real-time economic variables. In addition to macroeconomic forecasting, this paper employs interpretable machine learning methods to identify the key attributive variables from different machine learning models, aiming to enhance the understanding and evaluation of their contributions to macroeconomic fluctuations.

Wenjia Jing, Jack Xin, Yifeng Yu

Using formal renormalization theory, Yakhot derived in ([32], 1988) an $O\left(\frac{A}{\sqrt{\log A}}\right)$ growth law of the turbulent flame speed with respect to large flow intensity $A$ based on the inviscid G-equation. Although this growth law is widely cited in combustion literature, there has been no rigorous mathematical discussion to date about its validity. As a first step towards unveiling the mystery, we prove that there is no intermediate growth law between $O\left(\frac{A}{\log A}\right)$ and $O(A)$ for two dimensional incompressible Lipschitz continuous periodic flows with bounded swirl sizes. In particular, we do not assume the non-degeneracy of critical points. Additionally, other examples of flows with lower regularity, Lagrangian chaos, and related phenomena are also discussed.

Margherita Fadda

As the African continent continues to urbanise, cities are becoming increasingly central to the transformations of societies and economies. Many studies highlight the limits of urban planning in these cities, emphasising the high share of population living in slums and the low levels of services that reach neighbourhoods. Less attention is given to the urban planning activities that try to prevent or improve these conditions. This analysis of urban plans illustrates that plans are more widespread than commonly thought. They also, for the large part, consider spatial growth. The low number of cities that grew within the projected boundaries of these plans is a symptom of numerous bottlenecks that constrain planning systems in these countries. Examples of these include the disregard of the full built-up areas at the time of the plan's approval and the missing link between the plans and the financial means allocated for its delivery. This article identifies opportunities to overcome these barriers such as flexible and adaptable urban plans that consider the entire built-up area of the agglomeration.

Ying Li, Zichen Song, Zijie Gong et al.

With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's attention to health, the growth and development of children and adolescents has become an important indicator to measure the level of national health. Therefore, accurate and timely assessment of children's growth and development has become increasingly important. At the same time, global health inequalities, especially child malnutrition and stunting in developing countries, urgently require effective assessment tools to monitor and intervene. In recent years, the rapid development of technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing, and the cross-integration of multiple disciplines such as biomedicine, statistics, and computer science have promoted the rapid development of large-scale models for growth and development assessment. However, there are still problems such as too single evaluation factors, inaccurate diagnostic results, and inability to give accurate and reasonable recommendations. The multi-modal growth and development assessment model uses the public data set of RSNA ( North American College of Radiology ) as the training set, and the data set of the Department of Pediatrics of Huaibei People's Hospital as the open source test set. The embedded ICL module enables the model to quickly adapt and identify the tasks that need to be done to ensure that under the premise of considering multiple evaluation factors, accurate diagnosis results and reasonable medical recommendations are given, so as to provide solutions to the above problems and promote the development of the medical field.

Germán González , Juliana Schmidt

Los cultivos de soja y maíz son fundamentales en la estructura económica argentina porque dan origen a sus dos principales complejos exportadores y, por ende, representan una fuente significativa de recursos fiscales. Los cambios asimétricos en los incentivos al nivel del productor pueden tener repercusiones macroeconómicas relevantes. Este trabajo aborda teóricamente el estudio de los efectos esperados de la imposición asimétrica en las decisiones de los productores de dos bienes con elasticidad cruzada de oferta negativa. De la aplicación de dicho marco se llega a la conclusión de que los comportamientos del área cultivada de maiz y de la soja pueden ser teóricamente atribuibles al ensanchamiento en la brecha entre las alícuotas del impuesto a las exportaciones.

Douglas Beck, Joseph Carlson, Zohreh Davoudi et al.

In preparation for the 2023 NSAC Long Range Plan (LRP), members of the Nuclear Science community gathered to discuss the current state of, and plans for further leveraging opportunities in, QIST in NP research at the Quantum Information Science for U.S. Nuclear Physics Long Range Planning workshop, held in Santa Fe, New Mexico on January 31 - February 1, 2023. The workshop included 45 in-person participants and 53 remote attendees. The outcome of the workshop identified strategic plans and requirements for the next 5-10 years to advance quantum sensing and quantum simulations within NP, and to develop a diverse quantum-ready workforce. The plans include resolutions endorsed by the participants to address the compelling scientific opportunities at the intersections of NP and QIST. These endorsements are aligned with similar affirmations by the LRP Computational Nuclear Physics and AI/ML Workshop, the Nuclear Structure, Reactions, and Astrophysics LRP Town Hall, and the Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos LRP Town Hall communities.

Halidu (Halid) Abu-Bakar, Leon Williams, Stephen H. Hallett

Water utilities strive to achieve a sustainable reduction in per capita consumption (PCC) by optimising their peak demand management strategies. Socioeconomic (SE) and socio-demographic (SD) characteristics have been proven to correlate with PCC. However, the full extent to which these characteristics underpin peak demand and PCC is yet to be fully understood. Previous work used medium resolution smart meter data from 10,000 households to discover and characterise temporal consumption patterns that underpin peak demand, identifying four distinct clusters of households, namely ''Evening Peak'' (EP), Late Morning Peak (LM), Early Morning Peak (EM) and Multiple Peak (MP). Using survey results, ''Acorn household classification'', household occupancy and UK population and household attribute data, this study attempts to draw a correlation between the four clusters and known variables of the participating households. Results have revealed a strong correlation between many endogenous attributes (particularly housing, occupancy, age, number of children and household income) and households' consumption patterns underpinning peak demand. Some 56% of families in privately rented housing show EP characteristics compared with 22% owner-occupiers and 9% social renters. EP households with teenage boys have 37% higher per household consumption (PHC) than average, while EM families with teenage girls use 47% more water in early morning showers than average.

Alberto Vaquero García, Miguel Ángel Santirso Fernández

El Impuesto sobre el incremento de valor de los terrenos de naturaleza urbana (IIVTNU), más conocido como plusvalía municipal, ha sido uno de los tributos más cuestionados por los problemas derivados de su aplicación y por las continuas modificaciones sufridas por las sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional, lo que ha obligado a realizar importantes cambios en su cálculo. Sin embargo, y a pesar de las continuas reformas, la última de 2021, el IIVTNU sigue teniendo importantes problemas que no se han sabido corregir. Además, no se dispone de estimaciones oficiales sobre los efectos presupuestarios de la nueva normativa, ni tampoco parece que se vaya a establecer algún tipo de compensación desde la Administración General del Estado a los Ayuntamientos por la previsible pérdida de recaudación fiscal, al tratarse de una capacidad fiscal delegada a las entidades locales. Finalmente, el IIVTNU presenta muchos más problemas de recaudación que otras figuras tributarias, como el Impuesto sobre Bienes Inmuebles o el Impuesto sobre Actividades Económicas. En este artículo se abordan todas estas limitaciones y se propone un conjunto de alternativas para mejorar la capacidad fiscal del IIVTNU, tanto a nivel general como específicamente para los ayuntamientos gallegos.

Luca Maria Aiello, Sagar Joglekar, Daniele Quercia

The strength of social relations has been shown to affect an individual's access to opportunities. To date, however, the correspondence between tie strength and population's economic prospects has not been quantified, largely because of the inability to operationalise strength based on Granovetter's classic theory. Our work departed from the premise that tie strength is a unidimensional construct (typically operationalized with frequency or volume of contact), and used instead a validated model of ten fundamental dimensions of social relationships grounded in the literature of social psychology. We built state-of-the-art NLP tools to infer the presence of these dimensions from textual communication, and analyzed a large conversation network of 630K geo-referenced Reddit users across the entire US connected by 12.8M social ties created over the span of 7 years. We found that unidimensional tie strength is only weakly correlated with economic opportunities (R2=0.30), while multidimensional constructs are highly correlated (R2=0.62). In particular, economic opportunities are associated to the combination of: i) knowledge ties, which bridge geographically distant groups, facilitating the knowledge dissemination across communities; and ii) social support ties, which knit geographically close communities together, and represent dependable sources of social and emotional support. These results point to the importance of developing high-quality measures of tie strength in network theory.

Bakti Setiawan

Laura Crommelin, Sharon Parkinson, Chris Martin et al.

The popularity of short-term letting (STL) platforms like Airbnb has created housing and planning challenges for cities worldwide, including the potential impact of STL on the quality of life of nearby residents and communities. Underpinning this concern is an inherent tension in urban living between the rights and interests of individual residents and the collective rights and interests of neighbours. Through interviews with Australian Airbnb hosts, this paper examines how STL hosts navigate this tension, including how they frame their rights, how they seek to minimise impacts on neighbours, and how they perceive the role of regulation in balancing individual and community rights. In doing so, the paper contributes to both theory and policy debates about urban property rights and how ‘compact city’ planning orthodoxies are reshaping the lived experience of urban residents worldwide.

Serafeim Polyzos, Dimitrios Tsiotas

Technological developments worldwide are contributing to the improvement of transport infrastructures and they are helping to reduce the overall transport costs. At the same time, such developments along with the reduction in transport costs are affecting the spatial interdependence between the regions and countries, a fact inducing significant effects on their economies and, in general, on their growth-rates. A specific class of transport infrastructures contributing significantly to overcoming the spatial constraints is the airtransport infrastructures. Nowadays, the importance of air-transport infrastructures in the economic development is determinative, especially for the geographically isolated regions, such as for the island regions of Greece. Within this context, this paper studies the Greek airports and particularly the evolution of their overall transportation imprint, their geographical distribution, and the volume of the transport activity of each airport. Also, it discusses, in a broad context, the seasonality of the Greek airport activity, the importance of the airports for the local and regional development, and it formulates general conclusions.

Malik Cahyadin

This paper examines the effect of the globalization threshold on financial inclusion in 40 selected countries during 2000-2018. A principal component analysis (PCA) and a static panel threshold (SPT) are utilized. There are three dimensions and one aggregation of financial inclusion indicators assessed by PCA, while the globalization threshold is estimated under static panel threshold regression. Findings/Originality: The findings exhibit six countries with strong financial inclusion and eight countries with weak financial inclusion during study periods. Furthermore, the threshold effect of globalization has a significant impact on the financial inclusion index. The robustness checking employs panel cointegration test exhibits that inequality and some institutions indicators have a significant impact on financial inclusion both in the short-run and long-run. The policy implication suggests that governments should increase the financial inclusion index level during the globalization period, decrease inequality, and improve institutions' quality.

Nora Wolff, Tobias Schwaigert, Dietmar Siche et al.

CuFeO$_2$ single crystals up to 50 mm in length and up to 10 mm in diameter were grown by the optical floating-zone method. Stoichiometric polycrystalline rods with a diameter of 6-12 mm were used as feed materials to produce crystals of sufficient size to be used as substrates for the growth of thin films of delafossites. For stable growth along the $c$-axis, low growth rates of 0.4 mm/h are necessary. Due to the incongruent melting behavior of CuFeO$_2$, a stable melt zone requires adjustment of the lamp power during growth. The melting of CuFeO$_2$ is not simply incongruent because the thermodynamic equilibrium includes more than two solid phases and the melt; the gas phase is also involved. The crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence measurements.

Khaled Al-Sabbagh, Lucas Gren

Empirical evidence regarding the connection between group development (maturity) and the success of software development teams is lacking. The purpose of this research is to gain a qualitative and quantitative understanding of how velocity and planning effectiveness of software teams connect to a group development model. The Group Development Questionnaire was given to 19 software developers from 4 work groups to assess their group development maturity. The work groups' responses to the survey were checked for correlation with development velocity and planning effectiveness. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 individuals from the same 4 work groups to explore issues about their group maturity and to validate the responses of the interviewees in the Group Development Questionnaire. The measurement of the fourth stage of group development had a strong association with the planning effectiveness measurement, which means that a team with less issues in the fourth phase of group development is more effective in adhering to its plans. On the other hand, group development and velocity showed no significant convergent validity. We conclude that the dynamics within software development teams might correlate to their ability to deliver the expected outcome as planned but not to their ability to develop tasks faster.

Nikolai D. Zhigadlo

By varying the parameters controlling the growth of crystals, including the thermodynamic variables, such as temperature, pressure, and reagent composition and the kinetic factors, namely reaction time and cooling rate, we found the most appropriate conditions for the reproducible growth of the nonstoichiometric antiperovskite superconductors MgC1-xNi3-y. Bulk single crystals of MgC1-xNi3-y were grown by a self-flux method at 3 GPa and 1700 C using a mixture of Mg, C, and Ni powders in a molar ratio 1:1.25:3. The as-grown black colored crystals, mechanically extracted from solidified lump, exhibit various irregular three dimensional shapes, with flat surfaces and maximum dimensions up to ~ (1-1.2) x (0.8-1.0) x (0.4-0.6) mm3. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction refinement confirmed the high structural perfection of the grown crystals (Space group Pm-3m, No 221, Z = 1, a = 3.7913(1) Å, and V = 54.5(1) Å3), but also the presence of deficiencies on the C and Ni sites. Temperature-dependent magnetization measurements showed a single-phase behaviour with a critical temperature (Tc) ranging between 6.3 and 6.8 K due to the slightly different C and Ni stoichiometries of MgC1-xNi3-y crystals. The growth of relatively large crystals reported here could provide a helpful guidance for further syntheses of various 3d-based antiperovskite intermetallics under high pressure.