Hasil untuk "Drawing. Design. Illustration"

Haoxiong Ren, Yangu He, Kwunhang Wong et al.

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are increasingly favored for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices due to their energy-efficient and event-driven processing capabilities. However, training SNNs remains challenging because of the computational intensity of traditional backpropagation algorithms adapted for spike-based systems. In this paper, we propose a novel software-hardware co-design that introduces a hardware-friendly training algorithm, Spiking Direct Feedback Alignment (SDFA) and implement it on a Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM)-based In-Memory Computing (IMC) architecture, referred to as PipeSDFA, to accelerate SNN training. Software-wise, the computational complexity of SNN training is reduced by the SDFA through the elimination of sequential error propagation. Hardware-wise, a three-level pipelined dataflow is designed based on IMC architecture to parallelize the training process. Experimental results demonstrate that the PipeSDFA training accelerator incurs less than 2% accuracy loss on five datasets compared to baselines, while achieving 1.1X~10.5X and 1.37X~2.1X reductions in training time and energy consumption, respectively compared to PipeLayer.

Evgenii Rezunov, Niko Zurstraßen, Lennart M. Reimann et al.

An Application-Specific Instruction Set Processor(ASIP) is a specialized microprocessor that provides a trade-off between the programmability of a General Purpose Processor (GPP) and the performance and energy-efficiency of dedicated hardware accelerators. ASIPs are often derived from off-the-shelf GPPs extended by custom instructions tailored towards a specific software workload. One of the most important challenges of designing an ASIP is to find said custom instructions that help to increase performance without being too costly in terms of area and power consumption. To date, solving this challenge is relatively labor-intensive and typically performed manually. Addressing the lack of automation, we present Custom Instruction Designer for RISC-V Extensions (CIDRE), a front-to-back tool for ASIP design. CIDRE automatically analyzes hotspots in RISC-V applications and generates custom instruction suggestions with a corresponding nML description. The nML description can be used with other electronic design automation tools to accurately assess the cost and benefits of the found suggestions. In a RISC-V benchmark study, we were able to accelerate embedded benchmarks from Embench and MiBench by up to 2.47x with less than 24% area increase. The entire process was conducted completely automatically.

Florentia Afentaki, Maha Shatta, Konstantinos Balaskas et al.

Flexible Electronics (FE) have emerged as a promising alternative to silicon-based technologies, offering on-demand low-cost fabrication, conformality, and sustainability. However, their large feature sizes severely limit integration density, imposing strict area and power constraints, thus prohibiting the realization of Machine Learning (ML) circuits, which can significantly enhance the capabilities of relevant near-sensor applications. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) offer high accuracy in such applications at relatively low computational complexity, satisfying FE technologies' constraints. Existing SVM designs rely solely on linear or Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernels, forcing a trade-off between hardware costs and accuracy. Linear kernels, implemented digitally, minimize overhead but sacrifice performance, while the more accurate RBF kernels are prohibitively large in digital, and their analog realization contains inherent functional approximation. In this work, we propose the first mixed-kernel and mixed-signal SVM design in FE, which unifies the advantages of both implementations and balances the cost/accuracy trade-off. To that end, we introduce a co-optimization approach that trains our mixed-kernel SVMs and maps binary SVM classifiers to the appropriate kernel (linear/RBF) and domain (digital/analog), aiming to maximize accuracy whilst reducing the number of costly RBF classifiers. Our designs deliver 7.7% higher accuracy than state-of-the-art single-kernel linear SVMs, and reduce area and power by 108x and 17x on average compared to digital RBF implementations.

Francisco Javier González Tostado

Este documento explora las diferencias entre la neoartesanía, las artesanías rurales y el arte popular, destacando la complejidad de la artesanía urbana en comparación con la neoartesanía. La expansión urbana, junto con los flujos migratorios de áreas rurales hacia las ciudades y el turismo, han obligado a los artesanos a reconfigurar sus prácticas. Los espacios urbanos se han convertido en vitrinas ineludibles para el arte popular, presentando tanto oportunidades como desafíos para los artesanos. También se analiza cómo el diseño puede ser un método valioso para planificar, conceptualizar y evaluar la producción artesanal en este nuevo contexto. Finalmente, este estudio examina las dinámicas actuales en varios talleres en México, subrayando la inevitable sinergia entre el artesano, las artes académicas y el diseño, y cómo estas interacciones se reflejan también en otros países de la región.

Lingyun Chen, Abdeldjallil Naceri, Abdalla Swikir et al.

A drawing robot avatar is a robotic system that allows for telepresence-based drawing, enabling users to remotely control a robotic arm and create drawings in real-time from a remote location. The proposed control framework aims to improve bimanual robot telepresence quality by reducing the user workload and required prior knowledge through the automation of secondary or auxiliary tasks. The introduced novel method calculates the near-optimal Cartesian end-effector pose in terms of visual feedback quality for the attached eye-to-hand camera with motion constraints in consideration. The effectiveness is demonstrated by conducting user studies of drawing reference shapes using the implemented robot avatar compared to stationary and teleoperated camera pose conditions. Our results demonstrate that the proposed control framework offers improved visual feedback quality and drawing performance.

Pengcheng Ding, Yedian Cheng, Mirjana Prpa

Recent advancements in augmented reality and virtual reality have significantly enhanced workflows for drawing 3D objects. Despite these technological strides, existing AR tools often lack the necessary precision and struggle to maintain quality when scaled, posing challenges for larger-scale drawing tasks. This paper introduces a novel AR tool that uniquely integrates bitmap drawing and vectorization techniques. This integration allows engineers to perform rapid, real-time drawings directly on 3D models, with the capability to vectorize the data for scalable accuracy and editable points, ensuring no loss in fidelity when modifying or resizing the drawings. We conducted user studies involving professional engineers, designers, and contractors to evaluate the tool's integration into existing workflows, its usability, and its impact on project outcomes. The results demonstrate that our enhancements significantly improve the efficiency of drawing processes. Specifically, the ability to perform quick, editable, and scalable drawings directly on 3D models not only enhances productivity but also ensures adaptability across various project sizes and complexities.

Анастасія Снісаренко-Єржиковська, В’ячеслав Снісаренко, Поліна Снісаренко-Кульчицька

Метою даної статті є виклад результатів документальної фіксації раніше недослідженої частини архівних матеріалів родини видатного українського архітектора Бориса Приймака про його закордонний досвід у складі архітектурних делегацій та основні наративи, які мають закладатися в проєкти містобудівельних рішень українських міст, а саме Києва. Також мета полягає в оцінці важливості цих матеріалів для вирішення сучасних проблем, які стосуються відбудови та розбудови міст не тільки в результаті російської навали, але і як безумовно необхідних для впровадження в життя ідей «щасливих міст». Методи дослідження передбачають поєднання мистецтвознавчого та історичного аналізу невідомої частини документально-архівних матеріалів родини Бориса Приймака. Наукова новизна цієї розвідки полягає у введенні до наукового обігу раніше не описаного прецеденту участі українського архітектора у міжнародному проєкті (а саме – в закордонних архітектурних зборах у Парижі у 1956 та 1966 рр.); а також – в актуалізації містобудівних поглядів Бориса Приймака в загальносвітовому розрізі, як під час його головування містом Києвом (1955 – 1973 рр.), так і зараз – для відновлення та розбудови міст, пошкоджених війною, з урахуванням його основних теоретичних тез. Вперше оприлюднено фото із приватного родинного архіву. Висновки. У результаті проведеного мистецтвознавчого аналізу встановлено необхідність вивчення існуючих архівних матеріалів родини Бориса Приймака в розрізі бачення не тільки історичного розвитку української архітектури, але й як основи сучасного підходу до містобудівництва в Україні та за кордоном. Доведено, що попри ізольованість радянського художнього середовища від світових мистецьких течій дозованої інформації, яка надходила із країн Заходу, Борису Приймаку та деяким іншим українським архітекторам вистачало для власних інтерпретацій найкращих з побачених закордонних зразків як у галузі архітектури окремих будівель, так і в упровадженні прогресивних містобудівельних ідей, співзвучних з міжнародними. Зроблено ще один крок для фіксації належного місця Бориса Приймака в пантеоні видатних архітекторів України.

Etienne Twizeyimana, John Gacinya, Balthazard Dufitumukiza et al.

The study aims at investigating the relationship between teachers’ utilization of instructional materials and students’ attitudes towards learning science subjects in Rwandan secondary schools. The sample size comprised sixty-three science secondary school teachers in Muhanga district that were selected purposively to participate in the study. A descriptive research design was used and data were collected using an online designed survey using google form. Teachers Scale Questionnaire for the use of Instructional materials and students’ exhibited attitudes questionnaire each contained seven affirmative statements were used as the research tools. Participants’ responses were based on the five point Likert scale to disclose their perceptions in relation to the topic being investigated. The findings from Pearson’s Product Moment Correlations (r) indicated that constructs used were strongly correlated, moderately correlated, and few were weakly correlated. Use of illustrations, use of photographs and visual aids to demonstrate concepts enhance students’ remembering and retention of instructions therefore the variables exhibit strong correlations (r = .923; .803). Use of laboratory equipment and reagents during experimentation, use of models and drawings to illustrate concepts exhibited a moderate correlation with students’ classroom participation (r = .449; r = .785). Creativity and innovation and integration of audio-visual aids into lessons were strongly correlated (r = .947). Strong correlations were found between use of tech-tools during classroom practices (r = .871), use of a variety of instructional materials (r = .901) and creativity and innovation. Interestingly, use of printed materials, visual aids, and audio-visual aids lead to improved students’ classroom interaction, and was strongly correlated with teachers’ integration of audio-visual teaching and learning aids into lessons (r = .889). The findings of this study constitute the basis to validate the relationship between teachers’ use of instructional materials and students’ attitudes in the learning process. We therefore recommend teachers to maximize the use of variety of instructional materials during classroom practices.

Danah Abdulla, Pedro J. S. Vieira de Oliveira

This paper lays out the groundwork for a concept we define as minor gestures within design education. Moving away from a conversation centered around decolonization—a term, we argue, that has been co-opted to become a placeholder for equality, diversity, and inclusion, and tick-box exercises within academic institutions— we assert that minor gestures create the conditions for meaningful conversations on what it actually means to move towards decolonizing design education. Using examples from our own pedagogical practices, we sketch out and outline a proposition for minor gestures as theory-in-the-making, or an incomplete pathway towards meaningful, structural change.

Anouk Neerincx

This paper discusses a 5-year PhD project, focused upon the implementation of social robots for general child and family care settings in the Netherlands. The project is a collaboration with general Dutch family care organisations as well as specialized child mental health care organisations. The project adapts a bottom-up, participatory design approach, where end users are included in all stages of the project. End users consist of children, parents, and family care professionals, who all have different needs, regarding the social robot behaviors as well as the participatory design methods. This paper provides suggestions to deal with these differences in designing social robots for child mental support in real-world settings.

Joshua Prendergast, Manaswin Oddiraju, Mostafa Nouh et al.

Auxetics refer to a class of engineered structures which exhibit an overall negative Poisson's ratio. These structures open up various potential opportunities in impact resistance, high energy absorption, and flexible robotics, among others. Interestingly, auxetic structures could also be tailored to provide passive adaptation to changes in environmental stimuli -- an adaptation of this concept is explored in this paper in the context of designing a novel load-adaptive gripper system. Defining the design in terms of repeating parametric unit cells from which the finite structure can be synthesized presents an attractive computationally-efficient approach to designing auxetic structures. This approach also decouples the optimization cost and the size of the overall structure, and avoids the pitfalls of system-scale design e.g., via topology optimization. In this paper, a surrogate-based design optimization framework is presented to implement the concept of passively load-adaptive structures (of given outer shape) synthesized from auxetic unit cells. Open-source meshing, FEA and Bayesian Optimization tools are integrated to develop this computational framework, enhancing it adopt-ability and extensibility. Demonstration of the concept and the underlying framework is performed by designing a simplified robotic gripper, with the objective to maximize the ratio of towards-load (gripping) horizontal displacement to the load-affected vertical displacement. Optimal auxetic cell-based design generated thereof is found to be four times better in terms of exhibited contact reaction force when compared to a design obtained with topology optimization that is subjected to the same specified maximum loading.

Marina Piris Nácher, Amparo Galbis Juan

Este artí­culo analiza la vinculación de la estampación textil en el contexto de la moda enfocada en la ilustración de motivos botánicos desde la doble perspectiva profesional y creativa del diseño, teniendo en cuenta tanto su desarrollo y evolución históricos como el conjunto de recursos, aspectos funcionales y modos operativos que aportan un valor añadido al diseño terminado, finalmente disponible para su venta. Observaremos las referencias artí­sticas a lo largo del tiempo y el reconocimiento del diseñador/a, así­ como los inicios de la estampación en esta industria, repasando brevemente las técnicas gráficas y pictóricas actualmente más utilizadas para estos procesos.

T. Bjarnsholt, Enrico Mastroianni, K. Kirketerp-Møller et al.

Research on biofilms is predominantly made in in vitro contexts. However, in vivo observation of biofilms in human chronic infections shows distinct differences compared to in vitro biofilm growth. This could imply the use of an inadequate mental model both in research and healthcare practices. Drawing on knowledge from the cognitive sciences, we hypothesise that the predominance of in vitro research on biofilms is skewed towards a mental model promoting wrong inferences for researchers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the in vivo context. To explore the prevalence of such a mental model, we carried out a qualitative image analysis in which biofilm illustrations from a Google image search were coded for typical in vitro or in vivo characteristics. Further, to investigate potential misinformed and unhelpful clinical interventions related to biofilms, we conducted a quantitative questionnaire among HCPs. The questions were designed to test whether knowledge about in vitro biofilms was used in an in vivo context. This questionnaire was analysed through a chi‐squared test. Most biofilm illustrations were consistent with the in vitro model. A statistical analysis of survey responses revealed that HCPs have adequate knowledge about biofilm but often respond incorrectly when asked to apply their knowledge to in vivo contexts. The outcome of this research points to a prevalent and consolidated mental model derived from in vitro observations. This model has likely been made dominant by HCPs’ frequent exposure to visual depictions in articles and presentations. The prevalence of the in vitro model sets up the possibility of erroneous claims when the in vitro model is inadequately applied to in vivo contexts. This has potential implications for HCPs working in fields involving biofilm, such as wound care treatment.

Purmaningrum Maeni, Firli Herdiana, Asiah Hanifah Qudwatunna

Indonesia's geographical location in the growth zone of three plates namely Eurasia, Indo-Australia and Pacifica or commonly known as ring of fire, causes Indonesia to have many active volcanoes. The study intends to determine the design of illustrations in the encyclopedia of volcanoes as an alternative learning media for for inspiring the students. To collect detailed actual information that describes the symptoms of nature as well as the situation of social symptom conditions then this research is carried out with descriptive qualitative and quantitative research methods. This study uses illustration theory and visual culture as the main reference literature. Visual culture is an interdisciplinary field with visual concepts as the basis for the study of knowledge and understanding. One part of visual culture that has a very important role in this research is illustration. Illustration design is conveyed through drawings, illustrations, or photos about disaster situations and conditions that are equipped with narratives though effective language. It is expected that by the illustrations through visual images and combined with the narrative the interest of students, especially children can be more aroused so that the information presented can be more quickly captured and understood.With the availability of the book Encyclopedia of Mount Erupting for elementary school students, it is expected that knowledge about the erupting mountain can be conveyed interestingly so that children can have better understanding of the causes and how to deal with the disaster of erupting mountains. Keywords:Encyclopedia, Illustration, Book, Mountain Eruption, Visual Culture.

Zhengyu Huang, Yichen Peng, Tomohiro Hibino et al.

In this paper, we propose dualFace, a portrait drawing interface to assist users with different levels of drawing skills to complete recognizable and authentic face sketches. dualFace consists of two-stage drawing assistance to provide global and local visual guidance: global guidance, which helps users draw contour lines of portraits (i.e., geometric structure), and local guidance, which helps users draws details of facial parts (which conform to user-drawn contour lines), inspired by traditional artist workflows in portrait drawing. In the stage of global guidance, the user draws several contour lines, and dualFace then searches several relevant images from an internal database and displays the suggested face contour lines over the background of the canvas. In the stage of local guidance, we synthesize detailed portrait images with a deep generative model from user-drawn contour lines, but use the synthesized results as detailed drawing guidance. We conducted a user study to verify the effectiveness of dualFace, and we confirmed that dualFace significantly helps achieve a detailed portrait sketch. see http://www.jaist.ac.jp/~xie/dualface.html

Maud Rio, Benjamin Tyl

Targeting sustainability in our industrial society requires integrating specific criteria in the design process of products and processes. A paradigm shift is necessary in the economical, social and political systems to ensure the natural ecosystems preservation on the planet while fulfilling society needs. Various research methods have therefore emerged to change the way products and services are designed, developed, used and discarded considering territorial contexts. Design for Sustainability, Design for Sustainable Transition, Socially Responsible Design, post-growth design, etc. provide several methods integrating the sustainable principles in the design process. However those approaches remain mainly experimental and are limited to the industrial context. In parallel to those approaches a wide variety of grassroots initiatives have emerged in territories. They propose alternative ways to design systems and they integrate new constraints in a practical manner. This research therefore aims to confront the diversity of Design to Environment (DtE) approaches with 'grassroots' initiatives in order to understand the possible evolution of the integration of sustainability into the design process of products and services used in industry. This paper presents the first literature review results of a started project in 2020. An original research protocol is proposed in this paper, based on specific focus groups with grassroots initiatives practitioners and eco-design experts from research and industry. The presentation of four DtE frameworks are analysed in this paper. This research finally discusses the opportunity of integrating the grassroots enriched DtE frameworks by non-officialdesigners in life cycle engineering. This bottom-up process may drive an expression of sustainability in industry aligned with some emerging local socio-technical systems.

Cédric Sueur, Lison Martinet, Benjamin Beltzung et al.

Figurative drawing is a skill that takes time to learn, and evolves during different childhood phases that begin with scribbling and end with representational drawing. Between these phases, it is difficult to assess when and how children demonstrate intentions and representativeness in their drawings. The marks produced are increasingly goal-oriented and efficient as the child's skills progress from scribbles to figurative drawings. Pre-figurative activities provide an opportunity to focus on drawing processes. We applied fourteen metrics to two different datasets (N=65 and N=345) to better understand the intentional and representational processes behind drawing, and combined these metrics using principal component analysis (PCA) in different biologically significant dimensions. Three dimensions were identified: efficiency based on spatial metrics, diversity with colour metrics, and temporal sequentiality. The metrics at play in each dimension are similar for both datasets, and PCA explains 77% of the variance in both datasets. These analyses differentiate scribbles by children from those drawn by adults. The three dimensions highlighted by this study provide a better understanding of the emergence of intentions and representativeness in drawings. We have already discussed the perspectives of such findings in Comparative Psychology and Evolutionary Anthropology.

David Auber, Pavel Valtr

Proceedings of GD2020: This volume contains the papers presented at GD~2020, the 28th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization, held on September 18-20, 2020 online. Graph drawing is concerned with the geometric representation of graphs and constitutes the algorithmic core of network visualization. Graph drawing and network visualization are motivated by applications where it is crucial to visually analyse and interact with relational datasets. Information about the conference series and past symposia is maintained at http://www.graphdrawing.org. The 2020 edition of the conference was hosted by University Of British Columbia, with Will Evans as chair of the Organizing Committee. A total of 251 participants attended the conference.

Bani Brusadin, Laura Benítez Valero

The experience of the interconnected planet is the experience of an artificial totality, the result of the accelerated intersection of different invisible realms, topologies and layers that compete with one another following the irregular logics of rival interests, incompatible designs, non-human life form habits and rhythms, forms of resistance, errors, collateral effects and accidents. This issue of Temes de Disseny presents case studies and research practices that address the need to focus on these frictions from a variety of different perspectives in order to detect new forms of power and hidden inequalities as well as to envision unprecedented opportunities for intervention and counter-design.

Michael O. Nyarko, George K. Fobiri, Maud Schall et al.

African prints are given strategical names by market women in Ghana to sell the products. This is because the people cherish symbolism and admire prints backed by philosophies. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has been a source of inspiration for researchers over the years. Although, the famous model has been explored in many disciplines by scholars to obtain substantial results, the area of conceptual textiles surface designing is seemingly not addressed. The study is aimed at juxtaposing textile surface designs with philosophies to stir up the creative abilities of textile surface designers as well as the Ghanaian textile printing industries to meet the demands of the market. It explores Maslow’s hierarchy of needs with the Art studio-based research method in conceptual textile surface designing.  Five conceptual textiles surface designs were created at the studio after a market survey to reflect the various levels on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The results show that philosophies are key factors in the patronage of textile prints in the Ghanaian setting. Incorporation of philosophies in textile surface designs would add more value to the locally made prints. It is therefore recommended that the local textile printing industries would embrace conceptual textile surface designing in their creations to catch the attention of the natives.