Hasil untuk "Crisis management. Emergency management. Inflation"

D. Hantoko, Xiaodong Li, A. Pariatamby et al.

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a global emergency and also has raised issues with waste management practices. This study emphasized the challenges of increased waste disposal during the COVID-19 crisis and its response practices. Data obtained from the scientific research papers, publications from the governments and multilateral organizations, and media reports were used to quantify the effect of the pandemic towards waste generation. A huge increase in the amount of used personal protective equipments (facemasks, gloves, and other protective stuffs) and wide distribution of infectious wastes from hospitals, health care facilities, and quarantined households was found. The amount of food and plastic waste also increased during the pandemic. These factors caused waste treatment facilities to be overwhelmed, forcing emergency treatment and disposals (e.g., co-disposal in a municipal solid waste incinerator, cement kilns, industrial furnaces, and deep burial) to ramp up processing capacity. This paper discussed the ways the operation of those facilities must be improved to cope with the challenge of handling medical waste, as well as working around the restrictions imposed due to COVID-19. The study also highlights the need for short, mid, and longer-term responses towards waste management during the pandemic. Furthermore, the practices discussed in this paper may provide an option for alternative approaches and development of sustainable strategies for mitigating similar pandemics in the future.

Tomer Simon, A. Goldberg, B. Adini

During disasters social media provides access to relevant and timely information.Social media has changed the information dissemination pathways in emergencies.Social media enable to transform the ways in which emergencies are tracked.Social media are reliable during disasters when other channels are overwhelmed.Social media can self-regulate misinformation in emergencies through the masses. Social media tools are integrated in most parts of our daily lives, as citizens, netizens, researchers or emergency responders. Lessons learnt from disasters and emergencies that occurred globally in the last few years have shown that social media tools may serve as an integral and significant component of crisis response. Communication is one of the fundamental tools of emergency management. It becomes crucial when there are dozens of agencies and organizations responding to a disaster. Regardless of the type of emergency, whether a terrorist attack, a hurricane or an earthquake, communication lines may be overloaded and cellular networks overwhelmed as too many people attempt to use them to access information. Social scientists have presented that post-disaster active public participation was largely altruistic, including activities such as search and rescue, first aid treatment, victim evacuation, and on-line help. Social media provides opportunities for engaging citizens in the emergency management by both disseminating information to the public and accessing information from them. During emergency events, individuals are exposed to large quantities of information without being aware of their validity or risk of misinformation, but users are usually swift to correct them, thus making the social media "self-regulating".

Sebastien Lleo, Wolfgang Runggaldier

This paper bridges reinforcement learning (RL) and risk-sensitive stochastic control by introducing a tractable exploration mechanism for policy search in risk-sensitive portfolio management, with known and unknown model parameters, that yields an endogenous relative-entropy regularization. We construct a discrete-time risk-sensitive benchmarked investment model. This model combines a factor-based asset universe with periodic portfolio rebalancing. Exploration is incorporated through user-specified Gaussian perturbations to baseline (exploitative) controls. The risk-sensitive stochastic control problem is solved analytically using the Free Energy-Entropy Duality. The Duality recasts the control problem as a linear-quadratic-Gaussian game and introduces a natural penalty for exploration. This approach yields simple sufficiency conditions for optimality. It also induces intuitive bounds on exploration based on risk sensitivity, asset covariance, and rebalancing frequency. Additionally, the optimal investment strategy can be interpreted through the lens of fractional Kelly strategies. By connecting risk-sensitive control theory and RL, this work provides a principled parametric family for policy-gradient implementations, guiding the design of RL methods.

LaShonda L. Eaddy, Santosh Vijaykumar, Yan Jin et al.

In response to the societal crisis of trust widely documented by researchers and pollsters, this conceptual paper proposes a Trust Erosion Framework (TEF). By drawing analogies with the process of soil erosion, we postulate that the erosion of trust proceeds in stages: detachment, transportation and deposition. Furthermore, erosion of trust may be precipitated by the gravitational pulls of sticky and spillover crises, moderate weather events (e.g., disinformation), or extreme weather events (e.g., global crises). Responses to trust erosion and further management of trust is a dynamic, cyclical process. We illustrate the key ideas within our framework through a case study of the World Health Organization's crisis communication management during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In these ways, the TEF offers an organised, evidence‐based way to understand and respond to trust erosion especially during major global crises. The expanded conceptualisation of trust erosion may enable crisis communication stakeholders from academia, practice and policy to develop innovative, proactive communication strategies, that anticipate headwinds and respond in a timely, effective manner.

Ромина Маратовна Крецу, Анатолий Валерьевич Рыбаков

Цель. Данное исследование направлено на разработку методических основ интеграции проектного управления в управление рисками техногенных чрезвычайных ситуаций (ЧС) на производственных объектах с целью обеспечения устойчивого развития производственного предприятия. Методы. В рамках исследования проведено сравнение традиционного подхода управления на основе нормативных правовых актов (НПА) и методов проектного управления. Выявлены существенные преимущества проектного подхода, включая гибкость, возможность адаптации мер к изменяющимся условиям. Использовались методологии проектного управления, обеспечивающие систематическую разработку, внедрение и мониторинг защитных мер. Особое внимание уделялось учету жизненного цикла защитных мер, охватывающего этапы проектирования, внедрения, эксплуатации, актуализации и утилизации. Результаты. В статье излагается разработанный подход к интеграции проектного управления в управление рисками ЧС, включающий алгоритм жизненного цикла защитных мер, классификацию мер по уровню результативности и остаточного риска, а также применение энтропийного анализа для количественной оценки результативности мер. В статье приведена классификация проектов защитных мероприятий, основанная на ожидаемой результативности, уровне риска и остаточной вероятности реализации риска. Этот подход систематизирует управление проектами и улучшает планирование мероприятий по предупреждению чрезвычайных ситуаций. Интеграция проектного управления в системы управления гражданской обороной и чрезвычайными ситуациями предприятия (ГОиЧС) на объектовом уровне показала преимущества, включая адаптивность, учет долгосрочных результатов и использование современных методов анализа рисков. Полученные результаты подтверждают, что проектный подход повышает эффективность управления рисками и устойчивость систем к техногенным угрозам. Область применения исследований. Разработанные методы применимы на предприятиях топливно-энергетического комплекса (ТЭК) для управления рисками и повышения устойчивости объектов ТЭК, на промышленных предприятиях – для предотвращения техногенных рисков. Государственные структуры могут использовать их для разработки нормативных актов, а образовательные учреждения – для подготовки специалистов по безопасности и управлению проектами.

R. Matsui, Elaine Cardoso, A. Khansari et al.

BACKGROUND Dental emergencies from nontraumatic dental conditions (NTDCs) cause tooth infections and pain. These cases are often seen by physicians in nondental settings. Definitive treatment is rarely possible in these settings. This often leads to prescribing antibiotics or opioid analgesics, which may conflict with stewardship principles. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the impact of an online educational module on physicians' confidence and knowledge in managing NTDCs. METHODS An educational module combining a cognitive aid and a multimodal online module with theoretical clinical cases was developed for medical students, licensed family physicians, and emergency physicians. It focused on evidence-based management of NTDCs in nondental settings. The impact was measured through pre- and postmodule self-evaluations and clinical case tests. Analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics and t-tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS A total of 39 participants completed all aspects of the intervention. Improvements in confidence and knowledge were observed, including better accuracy in emergency management, antibiotic prescription, and local anesthesia administration. There was a reduction in opioid prescriptions and antibiotic overprescriptions, with an increased tendency to delay prescriptions in favor of definitive treatment. Course evaluations showed strong agreement on the quality and usefulness of the educational module. CONCLUSIONS The online educational module effectively enhanced physician confidence and knowledge in managing tooth infections and pain. Its implementation may help address global concerns about antibiotic overuse and resistance, while also promoting a more responsible approach to the opioid crisis.

O. Tsymbalistova

The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of logistics clusters to ensure effective and operational management of aviation resources in the security sector. One of the key elements of the security sector is aviation assets, which perform a wide range of tasks, from combat operations, intelligence and monitoring to logistics support, medical evacuation and emergency response. In the context of growing external and internal threats, particularly of a military nature, it is important to find new models for integrating material, technical, transport and information flows that can ensure the stability, responsiveness and flexibility of the management system. In this context, a logistics cluster is seen as an innovative way to organise cooperation between military and civilian structures, aviation companies, research institutions and government bodies, aimed at optimising the use of resources and improving the effectiveness of operational decisions. The key advantages of the cluster approach are analysed, in particular the possibility of unifying planning and supply procedures, reducing the time spent on coordination, forming a common infrastructure and developing a situational monitoring system. Particular attention is paid to the issue of integrating information and analytical platforms for managing aviation resources, which improves the quality of forecasting, planning combat and special operations, and risk management. The article proposes a conceptual model for the formation of a logistics cluster, which includes organisational, technological and regulatory components. It is argued that the implementation of a cluster approach will contribute to strengthening national security, improving the operational capabilities of aviation units and creating a flexible response system to crisis situations. The results obtained can be used to improve state policy in the field of defence logistics and the practical implementation of partnership mechanisms between state and private structures in the field of aviation security.

O. Radchenko

This article investigates the application of statistical approaches in the strategic management of Ukraine’s economy during the period of post-war recovery following the full-scale invasion in 2022. The study focuses on how quantitative tools, particularly statistical analysis, contribute to informed decision-making processes, allocation of resources, prioritization of investments, and the development of long-term economic strategies under conditions of crisis and recovery. Drawing on macroeconomic data from 2022 to 2024, the paper demonstrates that the stabilization and partial recovery of Ukraine’s economy were significantly influenced by a combination of deliberate government policy, substantial volumes of international financial assistance, and the resilience of key sectors including agriculture, the IT industry, energy, and metallurgy. The research emphasizes the growing importance of evidence-based economic governance in wartime and post-war contexts. It analyzes how statistical indicators such as GDP dynamics, inflation rates, industrial production indices, export volumes, foreign reserves, unemployment levels, and poverty rates reflect the depth of the economic crisis and signal phases of adaptation and recovery. The article pays special attention to the structure and role of international financial aid provided by major partners such as the United States, the European Union, the IMF, and the World Bank. This aid, which covered a significant portion of the national budget deficit and supported monetary stability, is assessed through both financial volumes and macroeconomic impact. Additionally, the article explores the use of statistical forecasting and economic modeling in defining strategic directions for reconstruction, particularly in sectors most affected by the war. It examines how the government utilizes statistical data to shape recovery programs such as infrastructure rebuilding, support for displaced enterprises, energy independence initiatives, and the expansion of digital economy incentives. The success of these strategies is evaluated through measurable outcomes derived from national and international statistical sources. Ultimately, the article argues for a deeper institutionalization of statistical tools in strategic economic planning and highlights their role in ensuring transparency, accountability, and sustainability in Ukraine’s long-term recovery.

Guilherme de Araujo Grigoli, Maurilio Ferreira Da Silva Júnior, Diego Pereira Pedra

Purpose – This study aims to identify the main challenges to achieving humanitarian logistics in the context of United Nations peace missions in sub-Saharan Africa and to present suggestions for overcoming the logistical gaps encountered. Design/methodology/approach – The methodological approach of the work focuses on the comparative case study of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan, the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in the Central African Republic and The United Nations Organisation Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2014 to 2021. The approach combined a systematic literature review with the authors’ empirical experience as participant observers in each mission, combining theory and practice. Findings – As a result, six common challenges were identified for carrying out humanitarian logistics in the three peace missions. Each challenge revealed a logistical gap for which an appropriate solution was suggested based on the best practices found in the case study of each mission. Research limitations/implications – This paper presents limitations when addressing the logistical analysis based on only three countries under the UN mission as a case study, as well as conceiving that certain flaws in the system, in the observed period, are already in the process of correction with the adoption of the 2016–2021 strategy by the UN Global Logistic Cluster. The authors suggest that further studies can be carried out by expanding the number of cases or using countries where other bodies (AU, NATO or EU) work. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first comparative case study of humanitarian logistics on the three principal missions of the UN conducted by academics and practitioners.

Ravi Kashyap

We develop several innovations to bring the best practices of traditional investment funds to the blockchain landscape. Specifically, we illustrate how: 1) fund prices can be updated regularly like mutual funds; 2) performance fees can be charged like hedge funds; 3) mutually hedged blockchain investment funds can operate with investor protection schemes, such as high water marks; and 4) measures to offset trading related slippage costs when redemptions happen. Using our concepts - and blockchain technology - traditional funds can calculate performance fees in a simplified manner and alleviate several operational issues. Blockchain can solve many problems for traditional finance, while tried and tested wealth management techniques can benefit decentralization, speeding its adoption. We provide detailed steps - including mathematical formulations and instructive pointers - to implement these ideas and discuss how our designs overcome several blockchain bottlenecks, making smart contracts smarter. We provide numerical illustrations of several scenarios related to our mechanisms.

Byoung Han Choi, Dong Hyun Won, Jae Joo Hong et al.

Due to the long monsoon season and heavy rainfall, domestic agricultural dams in South Korea are suffering severe damages. Recent incidents indicate that damage and collapse of agricultural dams are occurring regardless of their safety assessment grades. To ensure the stable performance of agricultural dams, regular maintenance is essential. Moreover, it is crucial to make quick decisions in crisis situations for emergency response and initial actions. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritize safety management targets in advance and assess the accessibility of sites and management agencies. This study selected 1,467 priority safety management targets for agricultural dams managed by the Korea Rural Community Corporation and conducted spatial network analysis to examine the accessibility of sites by region. Additionally, the change in accessibility was analyzed by adding management points. The analysis results can be utilized as fundamental data for enhancing the safety and establishing an efficient safety management system for agricultural dams distributed nationwide.

Кирилл Евгеньевич Шинкоренко, Александр Владимирович Грачулин, Виталий Николаевич Рябцев

Цель. Провести анализ методик определения режимов течения газожидкостных смесей в цилиндрическом канале. На основе проведенного анализа разработать методику проведения экспериментальных исследований движения компрессионной пены в автоматических установках пожаротушения. Методы. В процессе выполнения работы применялись основные теоретические и эмпирические методы исследования, а также общие научные методы исследования (анализ, систематизация). Результаты. Разработаны конструкция экспериментальной установки и методика проведения экспериментальных исследований движения компрессионной пены в автоматических установках пожаротушения. Область применения исследований. Разработка методики гидравлического расчета автоматических установок пожаротушения, генерирующих компрессионную пену.

Людмила Ивановна Буякевич, Сергей Иванович Клезович, Андрей Александрович Цакунов et al.

Цель. Разработка виртуального интерактивного тренажера «Проверки противогаза». Методы. Общая методология работы предусматривала изучение доступных способов создания виртуальных интерактивных тренажеров (анализ, синтез, сравнение) и разработку виртуального интерактивного тренажера «Проверки противогаза» с помощью программного обеспечения iSpring Page. Результаты. Рассмотрены основные принципы устройства и эксплуатации индивидуальных противогазов. Разработан виртуальный интерактивный тренажер «Проверки противогаза» в формате HTML5 для использования на компьютере, планшете, смартфоне или другом электронном устройстве с установленным браузером. Область применения исследований. Виртуальный интерактивный тренажер «Проверки противогаза» предназначен для получения знаний и оценки сформированности полученных умений правильности использования гражданского противогаза ГП-7 работниками организаций, в обязанности которых входит использование средства индивидуальной защиты органов дыхания.

Alexander Gutfraind

Decision theory recognizes two principal approaches to solving problems under uncertainty: probabilistic models and cognitive heuristics. However, engineers, public planners and decision-makers in other fields seem to employ solution strategies that do not fall into either field, i.e., strategies such as robust design and contingency planning. In addition, identical strategies appear in several fields and disciplines, pointing to an important shared toolkit. The focus of this paper is to develop a systematic understanding of such strategies and develop a framework to better employ them in decision making and risk management. The paper finds more than 110 examples of such strategies and this approach to risk is termed RDOT: Risk-reducing Design and Operations Toolkit. RDOT strategies fall into six broad categories: structural, reactive, formal, adversarial, multi-stage and positive. RDOT strategies provide an efficient response even to radical uncertainty or unknown unknowns that are challenging to address with probabilistic methods. RDOT could be incorporated into decision theory using workflows, multi-objective optimization and multi-attribute utility theory. Overall, RDOT represents an overlooked class of versatile responses to uncertainty. Because RDOT strategies do not require precise estimation or forecasting, they are particularly helpful in decision problems affected by uncertainty and for resource-constrained decision making.

Hui Mi, Zuo Quan Xu, Dongfang Yang

This paper investigates an optimal investment problem under the tail Value at Risk (tail VaR, also known as expected shortfall, conditional VaR, average VaR) and portfolio insurance constraints confronted by a defined-contribution pension member. The member's aim is to maximize the expected utility from the terminal wealth exceeding the minimum guarantee by investing his wealth in a cash bond, an inflation-linked bond and a stock. Due to the presence of the tail VaR constraint, the problem cannot be tackled by standard control tools. We apply the Lagrange method along with quantile optimization techniques to solve the problem. Through delicate analysis, the optimal investment output in closed-form and optimal investment strategy are derived. A numerical analysis is also provided to show how the constraints impact the optimal investment output and strategy.

B. S.

Hip fractures and related conditions present significant challenges in emergency departments (EDs, necessitating effective pain management for diagnostic evaluations and immediate interventions. The Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block, a recent innovation in regional anesthesia, has gained prominence for its profound impact on pain control in hip fractures. This article comprehensively reviews the evolution, anatomy, and applications of PENG blocks in emergency medicine. PENG blocks offer precise, sensory-focused pain relief, crucial for patients experiencing severe acute pain due to hip fractures. By comprehensively targeting articular branches of the femoral, obturator, and accessory obturator nerves with a single injection, PENG blocks preserve motor function and reduce reliance on systemic opioids, leading to more comfortable reductions of hip dislocations and improved patient experiences. The PENG block emerges as a valuable asset in revolutionizing pain management for hip fractures within emergency departments, aligning with the overarching goal of enhancing patient care and well-being. As healthcare confronts the challenges of patient comfort and the opioid crisis, further research, including Randomized Controlled Trials and comprehensive Metaanalyses, is warranted to establish definitive recommendations for ED practices in this domain.

E. Dowdell, Suzanne Alderman, Naja Fousheé et al.

INTRODUCTION The misuse of and addiction to opioids are a national public health crisis. The complexity of delivering patient care in emergency departments exposes nurses to stressful work situations with complex patient loads and increasing levels of compassion fatigue. Emergency nurses were asked about their feelings of compassion fatigue while caring for patients with opioid use and/or substance use disorders. METHODS Twenty-four focus groups with emergency nurses (N = 53) at a level I trauma center were conducted in late 2019 and early 2020 are used in this qualitative study using thematic analysis that identified 1 main theme of compassion fatigue with 3 subthemes (nurse frustration with addicted patients, emotional responses, and job satisfaction). RESULTS Findings highlight that emergency nurses working with patients with opioid use and/or substance use disorders are dealing with a number of negative emotional stressors and frustrations, which in turn has increased their levels of compassion fatigue. These nurses repeatedly expressed feelings of increasing frustration with addicted patients, negative emotional responses, and decreasing levels of job satisfaction as components of their compassion fatigue. DISCUSSION These emergency nurses identified 3 areas to improve their compassion: improved management support with encouragement across all work shifts, debriefing opportunities, and more education. Fostering a high level of self-awareness and understanding of how the work environment influences personal well-being are necessary strategies to avoid the frustrations and negative emotional responses associated with compassion fatigue.

S. Mohanty, A. Mahendra, Santosh Gopalkrishnan

The study examines the factors affecting the performances of the Indian banking sector, especially after the global financial crisis. The sample constitutes a total of 33 scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) that were operative in India during the period extending from 2002 to 2016 by employing a panel data model. It also reports that leverage and management efficiency as internal determinants do have a significant impact, while inflation as an external determinant affects the bank's profitability. The Indian banking industry has been less affected by the influence of external factors as compared to profitability.