Hasil untuk "Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration"

Joaquim Racy, Pedro Raffy Vartanian, Alvaro Alves de Moura Junior

O artigo aborda o debate econômico acerca do tema integração regional, buscando comparar e entender a evolução e os resultados comerciais resultantes com a constituição do MERCOSUL e da Aliança do Pacífico. Nesse sentido, tem o objetivo de compreender como os países que compõem esses blocos têm procurado promover seu desenvolvimento a partir do comércio internacional. A utilização do método comparativo é justificada pela necessidade de se estabelecerem elementos avaliativos para os processos de integração. Dessa maneira, podem ser extraídas indicações sobre tendências futuras dessa realidade frente às flutuações observadas no sistema de relações econômicas internacionais. O aumento do comércio observado nos blocos sob análise é nítido, o que indica um ganho geral para os participantes desses processos, a despeito das instabilidades características da região. Os resultados observados sugerem maior facilidade e aumento mais expressivo do comércio externo no bloco da Aliança do Pacífico. Contudo, as diferentes concepções acerca da integração revelam que essa percepção pode e deve ser relativizada uma vez que os objetivos de integração dos blocos também se diferenciam significativamente. 

Paulo Henrique Tôrres Valgas

Esse texto analisa quatro das pranchas produzidas em um projeto de ensino para alunos do ensino médio do Instituto Federal Catarinense. A proposta foi conhecer a História da Arte e produzir montagens de imagens inspirados no Atlas Mnemosyne de Aby Warburg, aprendendo conceitos como Pathosformel, Nachleben e imagem-fantasma. Observa-se a potência da imagem para formação de repertório, sensibilidade e capacidade de pensar pelo visual, sobretudo para observar os sintomas, sobrevivências e fantasmas segundo o pensamento do referido historiador alemão. O artigo demonstra como o Atlas Mnemosyne e as pesquisas de Warburg podem inspirar não apenas pesquisas acadêmicas, mas auxiliar na construção da educação visual de alunos do ensino médio.   

Nima Sheth, Seini O'Connor, Sheetal Patel et al.

Background: Existing literature points to higher rates of trauma disorders for forced migrants than general or immigrant populations. The process of identification and screening for trauma in this population however is not straightforward and is actually controversial in some circles. Furthermore there are no definitive guidelines for mental health and social service providers on the “when” “who”, “what” “why”, “where”, and “how” of trauma screening. Objectives: Importantly, few studies have included insights into the screening process from service providers and forced migrants themselves through participatory research methods. This study investigates effective screening processes for trauma and examines benefits and pitfalls of current practices from the perspectives of both migrants themselves as well as health service providers that serve them. Design: We used a qualitative approach to identify and analyze key themes from focus group interviews with key informants (service providers and trauma experts providing social and medical services in the community) and forced migrants (from Cameroon, Ethiopia, Honduras, and Tanzania). Results: Our results comprise forced migrant definitions of and approaches to coping with trauma, reservations about engaging with providers, positive experiences with and impacts of screening, limitations and negative aspects of screening, helpful screening practices, and effective tools and questions for screening. Conclusions: Drawing on these themes, we offer recommendations that may help inform future screening approaches and trauma-informed service provision. The study ultimately helps those in the field to reflect on current trauma screening practices for forced migrants and consider how new insights derived from rich discussions with migrants and their service providers may alter existing screening processes- which few

Lacirignola, Donato

In the context of the growing awareness among Afro-descendants of their place in French society, this article examines the way in which Léonora Miano’s multifaceted work invests the notion of Afropéa with a view to thwarting identity assignments and sketching out a post-imperial vision of the world. In Ce qu’il faut dire, staged by Stanislas Nordey in 2021, we see how these issues give rise to the idea of a Poetics of Relation, culminating in a call to recognise the multiple nature of a France that is no longer reduced to its hexagon, but is indeed archipelagic, in order to move beyond the straitjacket of colour.

Amin Moghadam, Safinaz Jadali

Abstract. In May 2019, remarks by the then Deputy Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi implying Iran might ask Afghans to leave the country as U.S. sanctions tightened sparked widespread criticism from various segments of Iranian society. Critics from civil society and political factions accused Araghchi of using Afghans as leverage to extract concessions from Europe, and ignoring revolutionary ideals. Drawing on literature emphasising the role of mobilities in shaping the state, we posit that migration politics and related social dynamics are an integral element in state formation in post-revolutionary Iran, offering insights into the nature of Iran’s political system. We argue that the Islamic Republic’s immigration and asylum politics reflect both the revolutionary legacy and a political system striving for normalization, looking at how Iran’s migration regime was formed, encompassing the institutionalization of migration governance, ad hoc policies, migration diplomacy, conflicting political factions, and bottom-up social pressures.

Jordache A. Ellapen

This photo essay curates two interrelated bodies of creative work, Queering the Archive: Brown Bodies in Ecstasy (2013-ongoing) and The Brown Photo Album: An Archive of Feminist Futurities (2020), to explore the queer afterlives of indentureship in South Africa through the aesthetic realm. Queering the Archive and The Brown Photo Album are influenced by the photo archive of an Afro-Indian family from rural Kwa Zulu Natal. The curation of these two interrelated projects as this photo essay, Brown Femininities and the Queer Erotics of Indentureship , positions the maternal-feminine as central to the making of Afro-Indianness and to my own understanding of sexuality, beauty, pleasure and the erotic as informed by the home-space of the Afro-Indian family. This project maps my mother’s desire to create a visual archive of the Afro-Indian woman in the immediate afterlife of indentureship onto my own desire to create a visual archive of the Afro-Indian queer experience in contemporary South Africa. The images translate the violence associate with the sugarcane plantations and indentureship into an aesthetic of pleasure where the past, present, and future as well as Black, Brown, and white bodies rub against and touch each other as an ongoing practice dedicated to re-imagining Afro-Indian intimacies and South African Blackness.

Estella Carpi

Resumo Neste artigo, discuto a tendência do sistema humanitário de fornecer serviços às pessoas necessitadas em áreas afetadas pela crise baseando-se na nacionalidade. Através de dados coletados em pesquisas de campo com refugiados sírios, iraquianos, sudaneses e palestinos realizadas entre os anos 2011 e 2019 no Líbano, mostrarei como a hospitalidade pode ser empregada tanto como prática quanto como discurso. Neste último caso, explicarei como isso pode se transformar, de maneira problemática, em uma força de “etnização” na prestação de ajuda humanitária. Como resultado, de um uso conservador do discurso da hospitalidade, apresentarei o conceito de “humanitarismo compensatório” que atende aos habitantes locais como uma consequência da presença de refugiados. Contra esse pano de fundo, finalmente mostrarei como o sistema humanitário atual está longe de ser intergrupal, apesar de seus esforços para tornar os programas nacionalmente mistos. Na verdade, o humanitarismo simplesmente propõe programas mistos para, presumivelmente, dissipar as tensões intergrupais, revelando, portanto, uma neo-etnização das ajudas.

Susana Cesco

A censura foi uma ferramenta importante do projeto político dos governos ditatoriais de 1964 a 1985. Este texto analisa os caminhos percorridos pela política de controle estatal, especialmente no que diz respeito às normas e critérios adotados para proibir e cercear a livre circulação de ideias. A abordagem recai no trabalho de censores, autoridades policiais e na própria reestruturação e atuação da Polícia Federal nas décadas de 1960 e 1970 que passou a atuar como órgão responsável pela censura no país. Para esse estudo tem-se por base dois documentos elaborados no ano de 1970, intitulados “Normas Gerais -recomendação verbal à imprensa falada, escrita e televisionada” e “Instruções para a Execução da Censura à Posteriori”, além de documentos administrativos da Polícia Federal que direcionaram a atuação dos censores e relataram seus resultados.

Farhad Jahanmahan, Mats Trondman

In recent years, a large number of refugee children have arrived in Sweden. In this article, 15 Afghan boys tell us about their normative longing for education and schooling ('should'), their experiences of school as an opportunity structure ('being') and the resilience of their personal agency as regards succeeding in school ('doing'). Our empirical data indicate that, particularly thanks to the efforts of many individual teachers, the boys’ 'should, being' and 'doing' are connected and relatively strong. Nevertheless, school as an opportunity structure also entails challenges: an overly one-sided concentration on the Swedish language as well as frequent absence of multilingual classroom assistants, native language instruction, and inclusion. At the same time, the boys long for and work hard to achieve school success. Strong resilience is not individual, however; it works in connection with a preserved 'should' and a strongly developed, activating 'being'.

Fabiano Quadros Rückert

Nas primeiras décadas da República a Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre foi um importante núcleo de produção e difusão da Ciência no sul do Brasil. A partir de 1914, esta instituição passou a publicar a Revista EGATEA divulgando diferentes tipos de pesquisas e registrando nas suas páginas elementos do discurso científico da sua época. A proposta principal deste artigo consiste em explorar o potencial da Revista EGATEA como fonte documental para o estudo da História Ambiental, articulando o binômio Ciência/Natureza. A primeira parte do artigo aborda as relações entre a Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre e o governo do Partido Republicano RioGrandense e oferece subsídios para compreensão do perfil editorial da EGATEA; a segunda destaca questões referentes ao uso da Ciência para exploração da Natureza; e a terceira parte contempla matérias sobre o processo de modernização das atividades agrárias no Rio Grande do Sul da Primeira República. 

Henry Bakis

Tumia, Francesca

Between 1910 and 1975, Francophone Lebanese authors witness an evolution in their relation with French language that shows the necessity to ‘get out’ of their mother tongue in order to seize their identity in a better way. Despite a certain nationalist suspicion, this literature demonstrates all its relevance and authenticity. Lately, the generation of writers born in Lebanon during the Civil War puts itself in the continuity of this approach by means of a writing emerging from the memories of the ruins and corpses that inhabited their childhood. So, what is at stake when childhood and war cohabit in the same page some decades after the end of the war? How is the mother tongue perceived? And which characteristics does the linguistic ‘exile’ take in the poetic writing? Ritta Baddoura, Lebanese poet born in 1980 at Deir-el-Kamar and laureate of the Prix Max Jacob découverte 2015 for Parler étrangement, continuously explores this inextricable link among childhood, war and language in her collections. In this sense, we intend to analyse some texts of Ritta parmi le bombes and the path of tongue’s ‘shapes’ in Parler étrangement. We will do this in order to find new stakes in the poetic experience that could reveal original approaches and dynamics in the relation to a theme that never ceases to haunt the Francophone Lebanese poem.  

Emma Martín

Algunos desafíos y (malas) respuestas. Talasa, 239 pp

Joachim Brüb

Starting from the notion that making individuals in-teract across ethnic lines seems to be a major difficulty (Amir,1976), this comparative field study offers two explanations for the differences in inter-ethnic contacts among German, Turkish and Aussiedler (Resettler) adolescents. One assumption is based on Social Identity Theory research with its central proposition that in group affiliation is likely to trigger out-group rejection. Thus in group favouritism is expected to decrease the frequency of inter-ethnic encounters. The other assumption is built on acculturation research and argues that certain dispositions towards acculturation facilitate or inhibit inter-ethnic contacts considerably. A preference for interaction is supposed to function as a facilitating factor where as assimilation is likely to prevent inter-ethnic encounters.On the whole the findings of this field study corroborate the assumptionsfor in-group favouritism and acculturation preferences.Further, young men tend more often to approve of in-group favouritism which prohibits inter-ethnic contact, while in contrast, young women more often agree with notions of dissimilation orinteraction which facilitate encounters with out-group members.Finally, subgroup analyses point to the importance of religious affiliation sand their consequences for inter-ethnic contacts under certain conditions.

Eric Fong, Guoqing Li, Elic Chan

Chiara Pagnotta

In this essay the author analyzes the period of the 1930s and 1940s. It was marked by the advance of Fascism and World War II and their consequences on the Italians in Ecuador. The analysis takes into account the settlement projects in the Andean country by Italy, the progressive alignment of Ecuador to the hemispheric defense policy, the promulgation of racial laws and Jewish immigration in Quito, as well as the inclusion of the Italians in the U.S. blacklist.

Andrew Hurley

Hubertus Siegert’s impressionistic documentary, Berlin Babylon, illuminates the demolition and urban renewal of Berlin during the mid-late 1990s. This was a critical phase in the city’s history, as it prepared, amidst a flurry of excitement and anticipation, to become the united Germany's seat of power. Siegert's film seeks to give pause for thought, but deliberately eschews a “voice of god” voiceover, opting instead for a poetic audiovisual montage. This includes shots of the cityscape (and its lacunae), archival footage documenting the wartime devastation and subsequent dynamiting of buildings, observational cinema of the city’s busy building sites, and of verbal snippets from various architects, developers and politicians––following the film title’s cue, the agents in a rerun of the construction of the Tower of Babel––as well as epigraphs from the Bible and Walter Benjamin, and a prominent soundscape and musical score. As this article will demonstrate, the film’s (mostly) sombre soundtrack plays a critical role here, commenting on the footage, and beyond that on the whole project of the new ‘Berlin Republic’ and its attitude to architectural heritage and twentieth century history. Re-figuring the theme of this volume, Berlin Babylon’s music is a form of writing about (collapsing, old) architecture and history. And yet, the soundtrack is not as unambiguous as a voiceover might have been, and thereby allows creative space for the audience’s interpretation, a matter that was very important to the film’s director. This article will focus, in particular, on three elements: the use (and treatment) of historical recordings in the film; the use of silence; and finally the way in which tracks from the Berlin band Einstürzende Neubauten use music, noise and text to comment on the project of the new Berlin.

Liza Debevec

Članek primerja tradicionalna in civilna poročna slavja pri muslimanih v urbanem Burkina Fasu. Analizira različne vrste jedi, ki jih na obeh slavjih postrežejo gostom, in primerja njihov pomen. Tradicionalno slavje spremlja tradicionalna afriška hrana, medtem ko civilno poroko in zabavo spremljajo »belske« jedi, njihov namen pa je manifestirati sodoben način življenja in napredno miselnost gostiteljev. Na podlagi dveh ceremonialnih oblik in dveh načinov prehranjevanja članek obravnava obstoječi diskurz o konfliktu med »tradicijo« in »sodobnostjo« v urbanem Burkina Fasu.

Jonathan Stebig, Yveline Deverin

Information and communication technologies (ICT) seem to modify the organisation of the Diasporas. This re-organisation of the migrant’s networks transforms the contact with families living in the homeland. Thus, the telecentre becomes an information and communication crossroad, resulting in inter-connection between the homeland and the different location of the Diaspora. New generations, which have a better knowledge of these tools, are the first intermediary within their countries. Therefore, that “mediator” roll for new generations imply further responsibilities in terms of politic, economy, and information, responsible of potentials changes in homeland traditional organisation.

Andrew Beattie

History and memory appear to be increasingly important to discussions of European values and identity, as exemplified by references to ‘bitter experiences’ and ‘divided pasts’ in the draft EU constitution. The article takes recent suggestions that Europe could learn from German experiences of confronting multiple difficult pasts as its starting point, and considers critically what lessons those German experiences might in fact hold for ‘Europe’. It explores similarities and differences in the two integration contexts and their dominant approaches to, and assumptions about history and public memory. Specifically, it considers debates about the east-west division of the Cold War and about the place of communism and nazism in public memory. Contrary to common assumptions, the article argues that German experiences are not necessarily worth of European emulation.