This study examines the digitalisation of cadastral procedures in Burkina Faso, focusing on the municipalities of Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso where these initiatives are currently implemented. Using the concept of rationalisation tension within a qualitative methodological framework, we analyse the concrete actions undertaken and the tensions generated by this digitalisation process. Our findings reveal that cadastral digitalisation encompasses surveying documentation, parcel mapping, building records, archival materials, and the deployment of socio-technical management systems. The analysis identifies key rationalisation tensions, particularly the disconnect between digitalisation objectives and available resources, as well as coordination challenges amongst state technical services. Whilst digitalisation holds transformative potential for cadastral management, our research demonstrates that technological solutions alone cannot address underlying structural issues or resolve conflicts arising from stakeholder strategies.
The systematic approach to the establishment of a cadaster in most European countries has resulted in a variety of cadastral documents. Most official cadastral data are from the 19th and 20th centuries and are stored as hard copies or electronic data in a data warehouse, while the original documents are stored in analog format in separate locations, making the cadastral data difficult to access. The increasing interest in the use of archival cadastral documents has stimulated their digitalization in most countries, allowing users to access cadastral documents through metadata catalogs. Most catalogs use archival metadata standards to describe cadastral documents, with a lack of application of geoinformation metadata standards that represent fundamental spatial datasets. Archival metadata standards do not provide enough information about the origin and quality of cadastral data. The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of the ISO 19115-1 standard for describing cadastral documents. The methodology includes a comparison and an analysis of documents which are stored in different locations. The metadata of archived cadastral documents are recorded in archive inventories, and archives use different terminology for documents with the same content. The scientific contribution of this study is given by the classification of key documents and their associated properties that uniquely described each document. Four types of documents were classified by comparison, and we analyzed the content between documents. Property identification resulted in the semantic mapping to metadata elements of ISO 19115-1 and showed a considerable congruence of elements. It was possible to apply the ISO 19115-1 standard for describing documents of systematic cadaster establishment, with additional extensions for some elements. Proposed extensions to describe the cadastral documents include replacing free text with domains of appropriate values, adding stricter obligations, and restricting the use of domain values. The standardization of metadata for analog cadastral documents in archives has created a prerequisite for the development of a metadata catalog, which would increase the availability and accessibility of cadastral data for different user groups.
Abstract. Recent transformations in the world, such as urbanisation, industrialisation and globalisation, have significantly changed ecosystems, human settlements, economies and politics. These changes have important implications for the environment, public health and socio-economic development. Foreign authors point out the uniqueness of a comprehensive study of urban land use, which covers various scientific disciplines and analyses anthropogenic adaptations of territories to meet social needs. Taking into account social, economic and environmental aspects in urban land use planning is important for sustainable development, which can improve the quality of life of the population and preserve environmental well-being. This article examines the impact of market forces on urban expansion from an economic perspective. As long as the benefits of using urban land outweigh those of agricultural land, cities continue to grow. However, the market mechanism can lead to an unequal distribution of benefits and loss of public land resources. Governments use policy instruments to control urban expansion, including defining urban growth boundaries, transferring land development rights, buying out state land, issuing building permits, setting infrastructure constraints, charging for environmental impacts, and more.
Key words: urban land use, policy instruments, uncontrolled urban sprawl, preservation of agricultural land, land use planning, market mechanism, globalisation, public authorities, zoning.
Abstract: This article analyzes the main advantages and drawbacks of the geodetic electronic cabinet, a new online service for submitting topographic and geodetic works in the Lviv Territorial Community (TC). It demonstrates its role in both digital transformation and the establishment of a local geoinformation database. Through research, its high efficiency, informativeness, and convenience at every stage of work, from issuing initial data to signing, have been revealed. The article examines the process of submitting topographic-geodetic works before the cabinet's creation to better understand its advantages. Additionally, it identifies problems with accessing the geodetic electronic cabinet, citing examples of technical glitches on the website due to its relative novelty, which occasionally halted the entire surveying process. The article also illustrates how the creation of the Lviv TC complicated the process of submitting and signing topographic-geodetic works through the electronic cabinet. It highlights the complete lack of a digital topographic base suitable for processing and submitting surveys in all settlements of the community except Lviv city. The study identifies and outlines solutions to two critical problems significantly slowing down the work submission process in the Lviv territorial community: issues with red lines and engineering networks. It predicts that in the future, more territorial communities will utilize the geodetic electronic cabinet to submit topographic-geodetic works to local government bodies.
Keywords: geodetic electronic cabinet, digital transformation, topographic-geodetic works, Lviv TC, engineering networks, red lines, topographic base, geoservice sector, and engineering networks.
Tilt photography of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is widely used in urban management, cadastral mapping, disaster monitoring and other fields, but there are few innovative applications in online tourism. In this study, empirical design and usability testing methods were adopted, advanced positioning technology and Cesium engine were used to build a 3D real online travel application based on tilt photography, and the interactive function was realized through JavaScript language dynamic interactive function script. Meanwhile, combined with the questionnaire survey, the mobile application Rating Scale (MARS) was used to evaluate the function and quality of the application. The results show that engagement, functionality and aesthetics have no significant influence on user perception. Information quality and subjective quality of application have significant positive influence on user perception, and the influence of information quality is more significant. This study extends the application of oblique photography in tourism and provides experience for the development of tourism digitization.
Fostering urban resilience and adaptation to climate change pose new demands on the knowledge of land use and land cover (LULC) in heterogeneous urban spaces. High-resolution urban mapping is a valuable tool, which serves to map detailed categories. Such semantic data are integrated in national and regional administration as public goods. In the light of many countries around the globe making their data publicly available, we present a method to map urban areas based on multitemporal orthophotos and LiDAR-derived digital surface model, and extract information about vegetation in an automated processing chain. This approach is threshold driven and relies on an automatic generation of spectral thresholds and existing real-world-based classifications. We included cadastral data to add land-use information for specific categories, such as agricultural land use and to assess the product's accuracy. Adding these data creates an LULC product and makes a seamless integration into urban planning routines possible. The results of the study provide a detailed LULC map for the municipality of Aarhus in 2015 with a spatial resolution of 20 cm and ten thematic classes. Depending on the reference data, we achieved thematic overall accuracies of 34% and 64% using a polygon-based approach. Our study has found that utilizing both multitemporal orthophotos and elevation data can enhance the LC mapping of urban landscapes. The methodology could be transferred to other areas in Denmark or to countries providing similar datasets, and lends itself to a repeatable LULC mapping with minimal user interaction.
Today, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based images have become an important data sources for researchers who deals with mapping from various disciplines on photogrammetry and remote sensing. Reconstruction of an area with three-dimensional (3D) point clouds from UAV-based images are an essential process to be used for traditional 2D cadastral maps or to produce a topographic maps. Point clouds should be classified since they subjected to various analyses for extraction for further information from direct point cloud data. Due to the high density of point clouds, data processing and gathering information makes the classification of point clouds a challenging task and may take a long time. Therefore, the classification processing allows an optimal solution to acquire valuable information. In this study, random forest machine learning algorithm for classification processing is applied with radiometric features (Red band, Green band and Blue band) and geometric characteristics derived from covariance feature (curvature, omnivariance, flatness, linearity, surface variance, anisotropy and normalized terrain surface) of points. In addition, the case study is presented in order to test applicability of the proposed methodology to acquire an accuracy and performance of random forest method on the UAV based point cloud. After the classification processing, a class assigned each point from the model was compared with the reference data class. Lastly, the overall accuracy of the classification was achieved as 96% and the Kappa index was reached to 91% on data set.
Mark Brookman-Amissah, Bernard Kumi-Boateng, Saviour Mantey
et al.
ABSTRACT
Context and background
In Ghana the predominant method for performing cadastral surveys is through the use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) static surveys and to a lesser extent Total Stations. This work investigates the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for performing cadastral surveys and investigate the effects of varying sensor types, flying height, image overlap and number of ground control points in the acquisition of imagery for producing acceptable cadastral maps for use in Ghana.
Goal and Objectives:
The main aim of this study is therefore to assess some defining parameters for the use of UAV surveys for cadastral mapping and hence suggest some guidelines for the geomatic community in Ghana. The objectives of this work are as follows:
i. To determine in generic terms UAV types that are appropriate for cadastral mapping in Ghana
ii. To identify some threshold flight parameters necessary for obtaining desirable accuracies for cadastral mapping from UAV data
iii. To investigate the optimal number of ground control points necessary for accurate cadastral mapping work
.Methodology:
A quantitative method was adopted where two sources of primary data were used. The control dataset was obtained by using static GNSS methods to obtain the boundary coordinates of the 20-acre study area. This control data was compared to 20 different data sets of boundary coordinates obtained from UAV imagery resulting from a permutation of different UAV types, varying flight heights, forward/side overlap and number of GCP’s used for georefencing.
Results:
Optimal results were achieved when georeferenced with 8 Ground Control Points (GCP's) with average Root Mean Square Error (RMSEX)and RMSEY values of 1.383 ft and 1.034 ft respectively. There was no marked improvement in increasing GCP's to 12 thus a minimum of 1 GCP per 2.5 acres is suggested for georeferencing to achieve the ± 3 feet required tolerance stipulated by Surveying and Mapping Division of Ghana. The results suggest that UAV’s with sensor resolutions of 12 mega-pixels (MP) or greater are suitable and that a minimum forward lap of 70% is adequate for obtaining imagery suitable for cadastral mapping.
Current efforts aim to accelerate cadastral mapping through innovative and automated approaches and can be used to both create and update cadastral maps. This research aims to automate the detection of visible land boundaries from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery using deep learning. In addition, we wanted to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of programming-based deep learning compared to commercial software-based deep learning. For the first case, we used the convolutional neural network U-Net, implemented in Keras, written in Python using the TensorFlow library. For commercial software-based deep learning, we used ENVINet5. UAV imageries from different areas were used to train the U-Net model, which was performed in Google Collaboratory and tested in the study area in Odranci, Slovenia. The results were compared with the results of ENVINet5 using the same datasets. The results showed that both models achieved an overall accuracy of over 95 %. The high accuracy is due to the problem of unbalanced classes, which is usually present in boundary detection tasks. U-Net provided a recall of 0.35 and a precision of 0.68 when the threshold was set to 0.5. A threshold can be viewed as a tool for filtering predicted boundary maps and balancing recall and precision. For equitable comparison with ENVINet5, the threshold was increased. U-Net provided more balanced results, a recall of 0.65 and a precision of 0.41, compared to ENVINet5 recall of 0.84 and a precision of 0.35. Programming-based deep learning provides a more flexible yet complex approach to boundary mapping than software-based, which is rigid and does not require programming. The predicted visible land boundaries can be used both to speed up the creation of cadastral maps and to automate the revision of existing cadastral maps and define areas where updates are needed. The predicted boundaries cannot be considered final at this stage but can be used as preliminary cadastral boundaries.
Problem statement. The transition in Ukraine from registration and accounting of land in the State Land Cadastre to registration and accounting of real estate in the multi-purpose cadastre requires research aimed at optimizing the information of the multi-purpose cadastre and the form of data representation based on their digitalization to limit the size of the database by technological support. The composition and scope of real estate accounting information data determine the purpose and functions of the multi-purpose cadastre. The problem is the huge amount of information about real estate and the great variety of objects. The difficulty of formalizing too much data for a multi-purpose cadastre information system makes it necessary to explore ways to reduce the amount of software memory involved by digitizing the data. Purpose of the article. Solving the problem of reducing the amount of memory for the database of registration and accounting of real estate through digitalization requires research on the composition of the necessary information about real estate in the multi-purpose cadastre to ensure the functions of the cadastre based on analysis of users' needs. In order to move from the information on real estate determined by the results of analysis to the basic and thematic geospatial data of the cadastre, it is necessary to perform multilevel structuring of cadastral objects at the level of real estate classification, including land plots, construction objects by characteristic legal, technical and value features. A significant reduction in the amount of memory used in the database of information technology support of the multi-purpose cadastre was achieved by coding the characteristics of real estate, including land, construction objects and other land improvements that are part of real estate. Conclusion. Digitization of real estate data in the multi-purpose cadastre allows you to: significantly reduce the amount of database memory used on the server; provide easy access to data on real estate properties; significantly increase the protection of identification of cadastral objects and their properties; opens new opportunities for real estate management, control over compliance with the law, the application of targeted measures to stimulate the desired development of real estate and prevent adverse use of territories.
The analysis of the current Classification of types of intended purposes of land use is carried out. It is established that the existing 2-level Classification does not meet the modern requirements for monitoring land relations and the norms of current land legislation. The structure and content of the 4-level Classifier of typesof intended purposes of land use are proposed, which allows to determine in detail the type of permitted land use.
It is established that the current classifier does not distinguish between the form of management and the type of land use. This issue is especially evident in the example of agricultural land, in which case the types of intended purposes indicate the legal form of landowner or user, rather than regulating the direct use of land. The proposed 4-level classifier is able to distinguish between the form of management and the type of land use.
In forming this Classifier, the principles of complexity, systematicity, exhaustiveness, hierarchy and legality are taken into account; requirements of automated technologies for maintaining the State Land Cadastre and remote methods of land monitoring are considered, comprehensive and systematic methodological approaches in compliance with current domestic land legislation and relevant bylawsare applied; principles of openness and manufacturability, as well as recommendations of international organizationsare taken into account.
Key words: agricultural lands, classifier, classes, types of purpose of land plots.
This paper approaches urbanization from the broader context of land and economic sciences, with a focus on the theoretical framework and practical use of data classification. International organizations, official government bodies, and private research institutions have different views on urbanization, rely on various methods for statics research and data classification. In this paper we overviewed the term from several angles, such as land use and settlements area, population dynamics and regional economics, agriculture and resources use, followed by sustainable development in the context of urban development plans and policies. The proposed conceptual model of urbanization inland and economics science context determined urbanization as both state and ongoing process. As a result of research work, urbanization process and state key data and research metrics were presented and categorized by fields of application and research subfield category. The important section of the urbanization definition is a robust multistage research framework. We believe that it can help other researchers, as well as the author, look like urban growth, history, and development prospects with less bias and with a focus on long-term vision, multidisciplinary approach.
Keywords. urbanization, urban economics, land science, land use, legislation.
Agnieszka Bieda, Jarosław Bydłosz, Artur Warchoł
et al.
The need for accurate registration of underground objects in the 3D cadastre is becoming increasingly common throughout the world. Research studies conducted in this area mostly focus on objects related to transportation or other public utilities and services. However, in settlements with a long history, apart from new objects, there are also various historical objects underground. Such places are not fully discovered, and sometimes they are not even fully inventoried with surveying methods. The aim of this work therefore is to try to describe the possibility of introducing historical undergrounds to the real estate cadastre created for three dimensions, in case of its creation, and to check ground laser scanning as a method of measuring such objects in order to introduce them to the 3D cadastre. Considerations on the inclusion of underground historical objects into the three-dimensional cadastre database began with conceptual considerations. Their result is the elaboration of UML schemas describing relationships among 3D cadastre objects including underground objects. According to the authors, such underground objects should constitute a completely new class called ‘EGB_BuildingBlockUnderground3D’ and be part of the legal space of the entire building represented by the class ‘EGB_BuildingLegalSpace3D’ (the prefix EGB is an acronym of Polish cadastre name ‘Ewidencja Gruntów i Budynków’; in English, it stands for ‘Land and Building Cadastre’). In order to verify in practice the possibility of introducing historical underground objects into the 3D cadastre database, the inventory of the Underground Tourist Route in Rzeszów (Poland) was used. This route consists of a network of underground passageways and cellars built between the 14th and 18th centuries. The measurement was carried out with the application of the Faro Focus 3D terrestrial laser scanner. The underground inventory showed that at the time the current cadastre of land and buildings in Rzeszów was being founded, the boundaries of the cadastral parcels were established without knowing the location of the underground passageways under the Main Market Square. This resulted in a situation in which the objects located underground became parts of more than one cadastral parcel. If a 3D cadastre is created, such a situation must of course be recorded accordingly. The article proposes solutions for such situations.
In the current conditions of decentralization and voluntary community integration, there is a need for a comprehensive, up-to-date, and high-quality study of their resource potential, distribution, and prospects for future community development. The most pressing issue for communities is the issue of the specific definition of their boundaries, planning, use, and protection of land, especially with regard to the authority to dispose of land resources outside the settlement.
The article analyzes the constitutional basis of the administrative-territorial system and local self-government in Ukraine, the basic legislation, and the peculiarities of its application in the conditions of change. It is established that in the absence of the adoption of relevant laws, changes to existing ones, the incompleteness of implementation of measures on decentralization of power, untimely resolution of problems arising in the process of implementation of land management reform within the jurisdiction of local councils, the process of reforming local self-government is hampered.
Keywords: sustainable development, spatial planning, sustainable use, borders, administrative and territorial structure, decentralization.
Due to financial or administrative constraints, access to official spatial base data is currently limited to a small subset of all potential users in the field of spatial planning and research. This increases the usefulness of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), in particular OpenStreetMap (OSM), as supplementary datasets or, in some cases, alternative sources of primary data. In contrast to the OSM street network, which has already been thoroughly investigated and found to be practically complete in many areas, the degree of completeness of OSM data on buildings is still unclear. In this paper we describe methods to analyze building completeness and apply these to various test areas in Germany. Official data from national mapping and cadastral agencies is used as a basis for comparison. The results show that unit-based completeness measurements (e.g., total number or area of buildings) are highly sensitive to disparities in modeling between official data and VGI. Therefore, we recommend object-based methods to study the completeness of OSM building footprint data. An analysis from November 2011 in Germany indicated a completeness of 25% in the federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia and 15% in Saxony. Although further analyses from 2012 confirm that data completeness in Saxony has risen to 23%, the rate of new data input was slowing in the year 2012.
The unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) market has advanced significantly over the last 12 months. With professionals more aware than ever of the benefits of drone technology, there has been a growing need within the industry to innovate and invest in R&D programmes.
Tools need to be integrated, complete solutions, marking a move away from users seeing drones in isolation. Throughout 2018, this investment in end-to-end is set to address businesses’ key operational challenges, deliver a strong return-on-investment and streamline adherence to emerging regulations.
Exactly fifteen years ago, the second of the present authors published on "Bulletin of SIFET" a short article entitled "Dalla SIFIP alla SIFET" (1). There
was evoked the activities of the "Società Italiana di Fotogrammetria Ignazio Porro", whose SIFET was the heir. This article resumed the examination of the
publications of that Scientific Society, numbered 1 to 21, gathered in a file that was fortunately saved from the destruction of much of the material of the Filotecnica Salmoiraghi, when the big company founded by Ignazio Porro was incorporated in one of many carriages (however brief) that was in auge in the second half of the twentieth century.
Cadastral map is a parcel-based information which is specifically designed to define the limitation of boundaries. In Malaysia, the cadastral map is under authority of the Department of Surveying and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM). With the growth of spatial based technology especially Geographical Information System (GIS), DSMM decided to modernize and reform its cadastral legacy datasets by generating an accurate digital based representation of cadastral parcels. These legacy databases usually are derived from paper parcel maps known as certified plan. The cadastral modernization will result in the new cadastral database no longer being based on single and static parcel paper maps, but on a global digital map. Despite the strict process of the cadastral modernization, this reform has raised unexpected queries that remain essential to be addressed. The main focus of this study is to review the issues that have been generated by this transition. The transformed cadastral database should be additionally treated to minimize inherent errors and to fit them to the new satellite based coordinate system with high positional accuracy. This review result will be applied as a foundation for investigation to study the systematic and effectiveness method for Positional Accuracy Improvement (PAI) in cadastral database modernization.