Hasil untuk "Asian. Oriental"

Michael Wilhelmi

We call an oriented matroid Mandel if it has an extension in general position which makes all programs with that extension Euclidean. If $L$ is the minimum number of mutations adjacent to an element of the groundset, we call an oriented matroid Las Vergnas if $L > 0$. If $\frak{O}_{\mathcal{property}}$ is the class of oriented matroids having a certain property, it holds $\frak{O} \supset \frak{O}_{\mathcal{Las Vergnas}} \supset \frak{O}_{\mathcal{Mandel}} \supset \frak{O}_{\mathcal{Euclidean}} \supset \frak{O}_{\mathcal{realizable}}.$ All these inclusions are proper, we give explicit proofs/examples for the parts of this chain that were not known. For realizable hyperplane arrangements of rank $r$ we have $L = r$ which was proved by Shannon. Under the assumption that a (modified) intersection property holds we give an analogon to Shannons proof and show that uniform rank $4$ Euclidean oriented matroids with that property have $L = 4$. Using the fact that the lexicographic extension creates and destroys certain mutations, we show that for Euclidean oriented matroids holds $L \ge 3$. We give a survey of preservation of Euclideaness and prove that Euclideaness remains after a certain type of mutation-flips. This yields that a path in the mutation graph from a Euclidean oriented matroid to a totally non-Euclidean oriented matroid (which has no Euclidean oriented matroid programs) must have at least three mutation-flips. Finally, a minimal non-Euclidean or rank $4$ uniform oriented matroid is Mandel if it is connected to a Euclidean oriented matroid via one mutation-flip, hence we get many examples for Non-Euclidean but Mandel oriented matroids and have $L \le 3$ for those of rank $4$.

Dominic Joyce, Markus Upmeier

To define enumerative invariants in geometry, one often needs orientations on moduli spaces of geometric objects. This monograph develops a new bordism-theoretic point of view on orientations of moduli spaces. Let $X$ be a manifold with geometric structure, and $\cal M$ a moduli space of geometric objects on $X$. Our theory aims to answer the questions: (i) Can we prove $\cal M$ is orientable for all $X,\cal M$? (ii) If not, can we give computable sufficient conditions on $X$ that guarantee $\cal M$ is orientable? (iii) Can we specify extra data on $X$ which allow us to construct a canonical orientation on $\cal M$? We define 'bordism categories', such as $Bord_n^{Spin}(BG)$ with objects $(X,P)$ for $X$ a compact spin $n$-manifold and $P\to X$ a principal $G$-bundle, for $G$ a Lie group. Bordism categories can be understood by computing bordism groups of classifying spaces using Algebraic Topology. Orientation problems are encoded in functors from a bordism category to ${\mathbb Z}_2$-torsors. We apply our theory to study orientability and canonical orientations for moduli spaces of $G_2$-instantons and associative 3-folds in $G_2$-manifolds, for moduli spaces of Spin(7)-instantons and Cayley 4-folds in Spin(7)-manifolds, and for moduli spaces of coherent sheaves on Calabi-Yau 4-folds. The latter are needed to define Donaldson-Thomas type invariants of Calabi-Yau 4-folds. In many cases we prove orientability of $\cal M$, and show canonical orientations can be defined using a 'flag structure'.

Devecchi, Elena

Through the analysis of two administrative tablets from Kassite Nippur, this paper examines variation in theophoric elements within personal names – most notably, the alternation between Gula and Ninkarrak in reference to the same individual. The close parallels in structure, content, and ductus strongly suggest that both tablets were produced by the same scribe. This observation offers rare and concrete evidence for the ongoing syncretism between these once-distinct healing goddesses during the Kassite period. Moreover, the study sheds light on scribal practices within the administrative apparatus, highlighting both deliberate stylistic variation and a rather high level of scribal education.

Şahin Yaldız

Patryk Morawski, Yuval Wigderson

We show that any graded digraph $D$ on $n$ vertices with maximum degree $Δ$ has an oriented Ramsey number of at most $C^Δn$ for some absolute constant $C > 1$, improving upon a recent result of Fox, He, and Wigderson. In particular, this implies that oriented grids in any fixed dimension have linear oriented Ramsey numbers, and gives a polynomial bound on the oriented Ramsey number of the hypercube. We also show that this result is essentially best possible, in that there exist graded digraphs on $n$ vertices with maximum degree $Δ$ such that their oriented Ramsey number is at least $c^Δn$ for some absolute constant $c > 1$.

Martin Schuck, Jan Brüdigam, Sandra Hirche et al.

Handling orientations of robots and objects is a crucial aspect of many applications. Yet, ever so often, there is a lack of mathematical correctness when dealing with orientations, especially in learning pipelines involving, for example, artificial neural networks. In this paper, we investigate reinforcement learning with orientations and propose a simple modification of the network's input and output that adheres to the Lie group structure of orientations. As a result, we obtain an easy and efficient implementation that is directly usable with existing learning libraries and achieves significantly better performance than other common orientation representations. We briefly introduce Lie theory specifically for orientations in robotics to motivate and outline our approach. Subsequently, a thorough empirical evaluation of different combinations of orientation representations for states and actions demonstrates the superior performance of our proposed approach in different scenarios, including: direct orientation control, end effector orientation control, and pick-and-place tasks.

Archana Pathak

In recent years, state-led infrastructure creation in the name of progress and development has occurred across the Himalayan region. It has increased the presence of the state in places formerly regarded as relatively isolated. Despite being aspirational, infrastructure creation projects have uprooted people from their lands, deprived them of their livelihoods, and transformed their identities. This paper focuses on Pakyong Airport in the state of Sikkim, which has provoked huge protests in recent times. Through the study of this mega-infrastructure project, the paper addresses everyday processes associated with rampant change, transformation, and the formation of social memory forged through resistance and struggle in the form of counterpublics. Considering different processes, the paper assesses how Himalayan infrastructure development has a varied impact on the people and politics of the region.

Kikuchi, Saki

This paper discusses hygiene practices in ancient Mesopotamia through an analysis of hemerologies from the first millennium BC. Hemerologies are calendrical works that offer insights into daily life by providing instructions for various activities, including cleansing acts. By examining the relationship of the cleansing instructions to other instructions within hemerologies, analysing Akkadian terminologies used to describe cleansing acts, and investigating the associations of the assigned dates with the dates of cultic events in the monthly and annual cults, the study aims to determine whether the cleansing and purification instructions are motivated by a hygiene or health problem, or intended to ensure cultic purity.

Renaud Soler

This article traces the history of kebab imagery in Persian and Turkish poetry, from its earliest attestations in Firdawsī’s Shāhnāma, to its demise in the early twentieth century. Until now, this metaphor has been little studied by literary historians. Its importance deserves a close study. It is possible to historicise this set of poetic images and follow its development and evolution step by step in Persian- and Turkish-language poetry. The imagery of the kebab is underpinned by Eurasian meat-eating practices and the epic figure of the hunter-king. We also need to consider the context in which Turco-Persian poetry was produced: on the one hand, palaces and their feasts; on the other, cities and their cohorts of roasters and street cooks. These experiences provide the poets with material for their variations on the kebab theme, which could express worldly feelings of fear or love for an enemy or a protector, as well as being used to describe the powerful effects of a spiritual experience or the love of God.

Sandei, Irene

The Philia facies marks the transition between the Late Chalcolithic and the Early Bronze Age in Cyprus (2400-2350/2200 BC). This crucial period witnessed significant changes in architecture, craftsmanship, funerary practices, and the economy, attributed to groups from southern Anatolia, particularly Cilicia. This analysis focuses on the study of architectural remains and planimetric changes, specifically comparing structures from certain Cypriot sites with architectural remains found at some Anatolian sites, with the aim of exploring the Cyprus-Anatolia connection through an innovative approach to architectural evidence.

Maya Stein

Which conditions ensure that a digraph contains all oriented paths of some given length, or even a all oriented trees of some given size, as a subgraph? One possible condition could be that the host digraph is a tournament of a certain order. In arbitrary digraphs and oriented graphs, conditions on the chromatic number, on the edge density, on the minimum outdegree and on the minimum semidegree have been proposed. In this survey, we review the known results, and highlight some open questions in the area.

Vikramaditya Thakur

How does the process of claiming historically and socially situated identities play out? How are anxieties of reconfigured gender relations expressed in the present? The anthropolo-gists of this Special Issue (SI) interrogate these questions by focusing on what it means to be a Gaddi person in the mountainous state of Himachal Pradesh. This commentary focuses on three articles that are based on multiple, long-term fieldwork focused on the travails of being marginalized and possibilities of subaltern agency. Whether it is status competition among Sippis (Christopher), a community with both Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe designations in different states, or women being stigmatized as ‘witches’ (Simpson), espe-cially among caste groups considered inferior within the Gaddi hierarchy, these are far from isolated phenomenon. These struggles reflect crucial aspects of ‘Gaddiness’ in the present where the term Gaddi is an ethnonym to refer to various unequally stratified caste groups that is popularly abstracted to mean high-caste pastoralists (Christopher and Phillimore). The three articles also reflect on the socioeconomic transformations across South Asia in general but particularly experienced in rural India. Himachal Pradesh may have been more geographically remote only a few decades ago, but deeper penetration of the state and market along with new infrastructure are forcing a reconsideration of colonial stereotypes about ‘tribality’. As a scholar who primarily works on western India, my commentary flags some key issues dealing with social theory, identity, state-formation and gender roles by comparing trends cross India with the specific Gaddi case study.

Carla Binucci, Walter Didimo, Maurizio Patrignani

The problem of orienting the edges of an undirected graph such that the resulting digraph is acyclic and has a single source s and a single sink t has a long tradition in graph theory and is central to many graph drawing algorithms. Such an orientation is called an st-orientation. We address the problem of computing st-orientations of undirected graphs with the minimum number of transitive edges. We prove that the problem is NP-hard in the general case. For planar graphs we describe an ILP model that is fast in practice. We experimentally show that optimum solutions dramatically reduce the number of transitive edges with respect to unconstrained st-orientations computed via classical st-numbering algorithms. Moreover, focusing on popular graph drawing algorithms that apply an st-orientation as a preliminary step, we show that reducing the number of transitive edges leads to drawings that are much more compact.

Dimitri Ara, Yves Lafont, François Métayer

The aim of this paper is to give an alternative construction of Street's cosimplicial object of orientals, based on an idea of Burroni that orientals are free algebras for some algebraic structure on strict $ω$-categories. More precisely, following Burroni, we define the notion of an expansion on an $ω$-category and we show that the forgetful functor from strict $ω$-categories endowed with an expansion to strict $ω$-categories is monadic. By iterating this monad starting from the empty $ω$-category, we get a cosimplicial object in strict $ω$-categories. Our main contribution is to show that this cosimplicial object is the cosimplicial objects of orientals. To do so, we prove, using Steiner's theory of augmented directed chain complexes, a general result for comparing polygraphs having same generators and same linearized sources and targets.

Paul Tresson, Philippe Tixier, William Puech et al.

Understanding of ecological interactions is necessary for the application of biological control. Banana is the second most produced fruit worldwide and the banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) is the most important pest of banana and plantain. Its biological control remains challenging because of the robustness and cryptic behaviour of the adult and the hidden development of larval stages. Researchers therefore tend to favour conservation biological control of this pest. The commonly used methods for measuring the effects of natural enemies on the regulation of this pest focus on invertebrates and may underestimate the role of vertebrates on biological control. Using cameras, we recorded the predation of sentinel adult weevils in banana plots in La Réunion island that differed in weevil infestation levels and in animal biodiversity. To facilitate image analysis, we used background subtraction to isolate moving parts of image sequences and thus detect predators and predation events. Our cameras recorded only vertebrates as predators of adult banana weevils. The most important predator appeared to be the Asian shrew (Suncus murinus), which was responsible for 67% of the predation events. Other predators included the house mouse (Mus musculus), the oriental garden lizard (Calotes versicolor), and the guttural toad (Sclerophrys gutturalis). The exact time of predation events were determined from the images metadata. It was thus possible to identify predator foraging periods that coincided with activity of adult weevils. Our results confirm that images provide useful information for biological and ecological studies. Along with other recent studies, our results suggest that the role of vertebrates in biological control may be underestimated. Based on these results, we advocate for several management implications such as the installation of hedges, grasslands, and ponds to favour these vertebrate predators of the banana weevil, possibly also favouring other vertebrate and invertebrate natural enemies.

Anna Romanowicz

N. A. Lemos, M. J. Reboucas

Whether the space where we live is a globally orientable manifold $M_3$, and whether the local laws of physics require that $M_3$ be equipped with a canonical orientation, are among the unsettled questions in cosmology and quantum field theory. It is often assumed that a test for spatial orientability requires a global journey across the whole $3-$space. Since such a global expedition is not feasible, theoretical arguments are usually offered to support the choice of time orientation for the spacetime manifold $M_4$, and space orientation for $M_3$. Theoretical arguments can certainly be used, but one would expect that the ultimate answer to the orientability question should rely on observations or local experiments, or can come from a topological fundamental theory in physics. In a recent paper we have argued that it is potentially possible to locally access the $3-$space orientability of Minkowski spacetime through effects involving 'point-like charged particles' under quantum electromagnetic fluctuations. Specifically, we studied the stochastic motions of a charged particle and an electric dipole subjected to these fluctuations in Minkowski spacetime, with either an orientable or a non-orientable $3-$space topology, and derived expressions for a statistical orientability indicator in these two flat topologically inequivalent manifolds. For the dipole we found that a characteristic inversion pattern exhibited by the curves of the orientability indicator is a signature of non-orientability, making it possible to locally probe the orientability of the $3-$space. Here, to shed some additional light on the spatial orientability, we briefly review these results, and also discuss some of its features and consequences. The results might open the way to a conceivable experiment involving quantum fluctuations to look into the spatial orientability of Minkowski empty spacetime.

Dennis Dierks

This article presents a case study concerning Bosnian Muslim press reporting on the Italo-Turkish War in 1911 and 1912. It discusses the impact of mediatised violence and emotions on the imagination of space, commonality and future. The case under scrutiny is situated at the Eastern European margins of what was, during the course of the long nineteenth century, increasingly conceptualised and perceived as the ‘Muslim world’. This process of imagining the Muslim world as a politically meaningful entity engendered the constitution and transformation of mental maps which played, as this article argues, a key role in local processes of making modernity in a Transottoman setting.

C. Grohé, L. de Bonis, Y. Chaimanee et al.

ABSTRACT The late middle Miocene fossil-bearing lignite zones of the Mae Moh Basin, northern Thailand, have yielded a rich vertebrate fauna, including two species of Carnivora described thus far: the bunodont otter Siamogale thailandica (known from over a 100 specimens) and the large amphicyonid Maemohcyon potisati. Here we describe additional carnivoran material from Mae Moh comprising new remains of Maemohcyon potisati as well as remains of seven new carnivorans belonging to at least four families: a new species of Siamogale (S. bounosa), a new species of another otter (Vishnuonyx maemohensis), one representative of the genus Pseudarctos (a small amphicyonid), a new genus of Asian palm civet, Siamictis, one representative of another civet (cf. Viverra sp.), a new species of mongoose (Leptoplesictis peignei) and a Feliformia indet. This carnivoran assemblage constitutes one of the richest for the middle Miocene of eastern Asia and by far the richest for the Neogene of Southeast Asia. While the presence of new species indicates a certain degree of endemism for the Mae Moh Basin, paleobiogeographic cluster analyses conducted on carnivoran faunas from the middle and late Miocene of Asia indicates that a southern Asian biogeographic province, analogous to the current Oriental Realm, has existed since at least the middle Miocene. These results strengthen the observation that the Himalayan Mountains and Tibetan Plateau constitute significant physical barriers as well as an important climatic barrier (through the strengthening of monsoon systems) preventing north-south mammal dispersals in Asia since at least the middle Miocene.

Gang Zhu

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the emergence of the new global educational governance characterized by 1) global educational reform movement, 2) the active participation of the international organizations in global educational policy making, and 3) the emerging performative culture. Against this background, this article contextualizes the East Asian Educational Model (Shanghai, Singapore, and Hong Kong) and its operation mechanism by appropriating the Confucian habitus and educational harmonization. Then this study compares the EAEM, the high performing educational system, and the representative global fourth-way countries by interrogating the underling binary—new orientalism vs. reciprocal learning. Finally, this paper draws some implications by learning from these different educational systems.