Hasil untuk "Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying"

Ariane Droin, Michael Wurm, Matthias Weigand et al.

The concept of the 15-minute city has gained a lot of popularity in recent years. Numerous studies have looked at a wide variety of cities, providing insights into the extent to which the 15-min-city has been achieved, or the specific x-minuteness that has been achieved so far. In a context of competition between cities in terms of quality of life and sustainability, statements about their performance in terms of x-minuteness dominate. However, to date there has been no research on the quantitative measurement and comparison of x-minuteness for different urban structure types. Urban structure types are defined by specific combinations of characteristics of the built environment. In this study, the pedestrian x-minuteness is computed for the fifteen most populated cities in Germany and compared across six characteristic urban structure types. The results underline that pedestrian accessibility varies greatly based on different urban structural types and that it is important to look more closely at the spatial composition of cities at the neighbourhood level. This spatially differentiated information helps to target improvements more efficiently and, thus, to increase quality of life more equitably.

Andrew Crooks

Júlia Beatriz de Souza Briet da Silva, Patrícia Regina Chaves Drach

Durante o Antigo Regime, a relação entre a Igreja Católica e o Estado era intrínseca. Profundamente atrelada à formação das cidades coloniais brasileiras, a Igreja desempenhava diversos papéis, dentre eles ser responsável por organizar a vida social e influenciar a estruturação desse espaço urbano. Os festejos religiosos, por sua vez, reforçavam essa centralidade ao mobilizar a população em torno dos ritos e procissões que percorriam a cidade. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa analisa a influência da festividade da Semana Santa no município de Ouro Preto (MG) e sua relação com o eixo que marcou a configuração urbana da cidade até meados do século XX. Através do método de análise relacional entre Morfologia Urbana e práticas festivas, espera-se demonstrar como as festas religiosas influenciam e interferem na configuração espacial da cidade, evidenciando sua importância na formação e transformação do tecido urbano.

Felipe Costa de Almeida, José Júlio Ferreira Lima, Alberto Patrick Cassiano Lima

Tomé-Açu, localizado no nordeste do estado do Pará, tem se destacado pelo emprego de Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs) na produção agrícola do município. Para além da perspectiva ambiental e econômica, este trabalho apresenta uma análise da estruturação socioespacial de Tomé-Açu, a fim de explicar como os SAFs estão inseridos na forma de assentamentos urbanos e periurbanos do município. Dois pontos são levados em consideração para a elaboração da pesquisa: o primeiro é a expansão do tecido urbano em Tomé-Açu e a formação de um território fragmentado; e o segundo é a dispersão dos SAFs no território municipal. Sabe-se que os SAFs foram tão reproduzidos pelo município a ponto de estarem presentes em diferentes ocupações espaciais. As conclusões indicam que a expansão de agroflorestas em Tomé-Açu estabelece um sistema espacial de transição entre fragmentos florestais e áreas de usos do solo distintos. Além disso, dentre as categorias morfológicas estudadas, conclui-se que os SAFs podem ser elementos estruturantes da organização espacial de núcleos urbanos e protonúcleos ao estarem presentes nas franjas urbanas e, principalmente, de aglomerados rurais, onde os SAFS aparecem articulados aos demais espaços e as atividades rurais são mais expressivas.

Michael Batty

Nikita Elizabeth Cristine, Elsa Martini, Dayu Ariesta Kirana Sari et al.

A sense of place represents an individual's perception of belonging to a place, both emotionally and socially. A commercial area such as Senopati Street of Kebayoran Baru in South Jakarta has its own character and vibe. It is known as the most popular commercial neighbourhood that has been well-visited by surrounding communities of Jakarta and far beyond. This study aims to identify the public's perspectives regarding the sense of place they feel when they visit Senopati streets. It implements a qualitative descriptive method aided by using a Likert scale computation. Study results reveal that the social and physical natures of Senopati Street have their own uniqueness, composed by the nature of its physical structures/buildings, environments, and social interactions amongst members of the surrounding communities. This research will be a reference to other studies that take commercial areas as case studies and discusses a sense of place in an urban context as their research focus. The latter is one of many pivotal issues in the study of urban planning and development. Keywords: sense of place; Senopati; commercial area; Kebayoran Baru Abstract Sense of place mencerminkan pengalaman individu berkenaan rasa memiliki akan sebuah tempat, baik secara emosional dan sosial. Kawasan komersial misalnya juga memiliki suasana atau rasa tersendiri jika kita berkunjung ke tempatnya. Seperti halnya kawasan komersial Jalan Senopati, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta Selatan memiliki karakternya sendiri. Kawasan ini dikenal sebagai lingkungan komersial paling popular yang dikunjungi oleh masyarakat yang tinggal di dalam dan luar Jakarta. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi sense of place di Jalan Senopati menurut persepsi masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang dibantu oleh perhitungan skala Likert. Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa kondisi sosial dan alam dari Kawasan Jalan Senopati memiliki keunikan tersendiri, yang dibangun oleh eksistensi struktur fisik/bangunan, dan interaksi sosial antar komunitas yang tinggal di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini akan menjadi acuan bagi studi lainnya yang menjadikan kawasan komersial sebagai studi kasus dan mengambil sense of place pada konteks kehidupan perkotaan sebagai fokus diskusi.  Manfaat yang terakhir ini merupakan salah satu isu penting dalam studi perencanaan kota serta pembangunannya. Kata kunci: sense of place; Senopati; kawasan komersial; Kebayoran Baru

Marina Rigillo

Francisco García Triviño, Ana González Torremocha, Víctor Ballesteros Mateos

¿Cómo se puede proceder en arquitectura cuando se pretenden trabajar las posibles relaciones existentes entre la arquitectura, los humanos y los animales no humanos? ¿Cómo proceder, si tan solo la presencia de figuras de animales en las representaciones arquitectónicas ha sido anecdótica o bajo una atención que se aleja de la mirada actual que se tiene sobre ellos? La Etnografía Arquitectónica, como metodología de trabajo y de acercamiento, que fue puesta en valor en la 16ª Bienal de Venecia en 2018 por Momoyo Kajima, abre una posibilidad de acercamiento que queda por explorar de forma más concreta bajo esta condición de atender las relaciones con otros animales. Con este fin, el artículo explora un marco institucional concreto donde se espera que tenga un rol importante la arquitectura, en las guías de integración de la fauna urbana. Indaga sobre las potencialidades y limitaciones que tiene la metodología etnográfica de la mano de Madden, Deprest, Hartigan, Escobar y Sánchez Maldonado. Define las aportaciones y limitaciones de una posible Etnografía Arquitectónica Multiespecie que pueda sumarse a las guías existentes. Y ejemplifica este acercamiento a través del caso de Alcalá de Henares, una de las ciudades con la mayor colonia de cigüeñas de España y Europa.  

CHARIKLEIA PANTELIDOU

En las últimas décadas nos enfrentamos a una transformación urbana basada en la exclusividad. Los barrios cerrados se encuentran en todo el mundo en un intento de las clases medias de protegerse frente al otro mediante la práctica de métodos de injusticia espacial. Sin embargo, lo que distingue el caso de los barrios cerrados de otros métodos de exclusión urbana es el hecho de que la exclusión del "otro" es coherente con la restricción de lo "normal" mientras que al mismo tiempo los conceptos de interior y exterior se reinterpretan y redefinen, en referencia a la espacialidad. En este contexto, la ciudad contemporánea adquiere nuevas formas y significados, alejándose de la organización espacial contemporánea y las correlaciones habituales de formaciones espaciales y sociales. Surgen las preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las cualidades espaciales y sociales de los barrios cerrados? y ¿cómo el fenómeno de los barrios cerrados transforma el espacio urbano moderno. A través de la elaboración teórica del tema y el análisis del contenido de una novela de literatura contemporánea intentamos conocer las transformaciones e inversiones que se producen en el paisaje urbano en la realidad contemporánea de la exclusión espacio-social.

Shauna Brail

Andi ., Zairin Zain, Uray Fery Andi

Ayani Megamall has a higher number of visitors than Matahari Mall. The two malls also have different shapes of spatial configuration. This condition gives rise to a research hypothesis that Ayani Megamall has a higher number of visitors because the spatial configuration of the Ayani Megamall is better. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the spatial configuration of the mall on the number of visitors from two case studies of malls with different conditions. Spatial configuration affects human behaviors in using space. These behaviors can be analyzed in the analysis of connectivity, integration, and intelligibility which are formulated in the space syntax method. This study used the space syntax method with a convex map representation model. The value of space syntax analysis for the two malls as compared to find out a better spatial configuration of the mall. The number of visitors between the two malls was compared based on the visitor occupancy formula which involved not only the number of visitors but also the area of the mall building. The research shows that Ayani Megamall has a better spatial configuration and thus the research hypothesis is accepted. This finding can be concluded that the spatial configuration affects the number of visitors. The better the configuration of the mall space, the smoother the mall's business will be. Keywords: spatial configuration; shopping mall; space syntax; occupancy   Abstrak Ayani Megamall memiliki jumlah pengunjung yang lebih banyak daripada Matahari Mall. Kedua mal ini juga memiliki bentuk konfigurasi ruang yang berbeda. Kondisi ini memunculkan hipotesis penelitian yaitu Ayani Megamall memiliki jumlah pengunjung yang lebih banyak karena konfigurasi ruang Ayani Megamall lebih baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh konfigurasi ruang mal terhadap jumlah pengunjungnya dari dua studi kasus mal yang memiliki kondisi yang berbeda. Secara teori, konfigurasi ruang mempengaruhi perilaku manusia dalam menggunakan ruang. Perilaku tersebut dapat dianalisis dalam analisis connectivity, integration, dan intelligibility yang dirumuskan dalam metode space syntax. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode space syntax dengan model representasi convex map. Nilai analisis space syntax kedua mal dikomparasikan untuk mengetahui konfigurasi ruang mal yang lebih baik. Jumlah pengunjung antara dua mal dikomparasi berdasarkan rumus okupansi pengunjung yang tidak hanya melibatkan faktor jumlah pengunjung tetapi juga luas bangunan mal. Hasil temuan penelitian memperlihatkan Ayani Megamall memiliki konfigurasi ruang yang lebih baik sehingga hipotesis penelitian terbukti benar. Temuan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa konfigurasi ruang mempengaruhi jumlah pengunjung. Semakin baik konfigurasi ruang mal semakin lancar usaha mal tersebut.. Kata kunci: konfigurasi ruang; mal; space syntax; okupansi

João Cunha Borges, Teresa Marat-Mendes

Gregor Čok, Mojca Furman Oman

In Slovenia, working at home is a traditionally present spatial paradigm with many positive implications for social development. This paper presents the results of a study that focused on the analysis of its manifestations, existing regulatory instruments, and the definition of measures for improving the situation in the field of its spatial regulation. Working at home occurs in a wide range of spatial solutions, from small-scale conversions or extensions to introduction of large building volumes into a settlement’s structure. Compared to operations in a business zone, its advantages are reflected in reduced labour and housing costs and in the mobilisation of owners’ property capacities. The negative consequences include increased freight transport, noise, and introduction of the typology of business buildings into the morphologically completed residential areas. This decreases the anthropogenic quality of the living environment and the potential value of properties. In most cases, the conditions that the existing spatial planning documents provide for are too vague to support the architectural and urbanistic transformation of residential buildings and the presence of disposal sites of raw materials, products, and technological waste. Along with the boundary values of noise, emissions, and other impacts determined by formal norms, it is also necessary to recognise the visual effect of modified buildings and their cumulative impacts on the wider living environment. At the spatial planning level we need to define the appropriate policy regarding the developmental significance and scope of working at home in individual spatial planning units, while at the implementing level we need efficient design conditions to develop high-quality functional and design solutions, which will support rational spatial interventions and their acceptability in the context of the local community.

Rona Ariyansyah, Riawan Gunadi

Concrete structures can be damaged or deteriorate due to various reasons such as errors in planning, implementation factors, getting overload burden, decreased capacity and quality of structures, and changes in structural functions. Thus, to strengthen the damaged structures, there is a need for an investigation regarding the damage to the existing concrete structures. Retrofitting FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) to the damaged structures can be a reinforcement alternative. The bond shear between FRP and concrete need to be considered in using FRP to solve the damaged structure. Shear behavior on the bonded structures greatly affects the condition of the structure. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of anchors and stakes on FRP debonding behavior. This study was carried out experimentally to obtain the results and data on the effects of the anchors and stakes. This study used 9 specimens with a size of 150 mm x 150 mm x 300 mm. From those 9 specimens, 3 specimens were specimens without reinforcement (FR), 3 specimens were reinforced with anchor (FRA), and 3 specimens were reinforced with anchor and stake (FRAP). The test method used in this study referred to ASTM D5379 concerning the Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials. From the bond shear test of each FR, FRA, and FRAP specimens, it was found that the average maximum shear load was 19.405 kN, 28.465 kN, and 29.699 kN, consecutively.

Maria Teresa Lucarelli

Jean-Claude Bolay

Maria Pilar Vettori

Francesco Fiorito, Mattheos Santamouris

Nelly Mäekivi

Cities prove to be hybrid environments. The concept of hybrid is derived from the writings of French philosopher Bruno Latour, who applied the concept to describe different phenomena that have embedded in them the generally made distinctions between culture and nature, human and other animal (e.g. Latour 1993).

Ingrid Mulder

Today architecture has to design for rapidly changing futures, in a citizen-centered way. That is, architecture needs to embrace meaningful design. Societal challenges ask for a new paradigm in city-making, which combines top-down public management with bottom-up social innovation to reach meaningful design. The biggest challenge is indeed to embrace a new collaborative attitude, a participatory approach, and to have the proper infrastructure that supports this social fabric. Participatory design and transition management are future-oriented, address people and institutions. Only through understanding people in context and the corresponding dynamics, one is able to design for liveable and sustainable urban environments, embracing the human scale.