Entre 7 e 10 de setembro de 1974, ao tomar conhecimento do conteúdo do Acordo de Lusaka entre o Governo português e a Frelimo, uma parte da população colonial da capital moçambicana revoltou-se contra o que entendia ser uma simples transferência de poder para a Frelimo. Durante quatro dias, a estação de rádio ocupada apelou à revolta e ao apoio das tropas especiais (que não apareceram). Houve massacres de negros nos bairros periféricos. De facto, a revolta foi muito heterogénea, desde a simples indignação da população colonial por não ter sido consultada, até aos grupos ultrafascistas responsáveis pelos massacres. Estes últimos provocaram uma revolta maciça da população negra, com o perigo de massacres indiscriminados de brancos, que acabaram por ser travados por uma ação conjunta entre as tropas portuguesas e a Frelimo. No entanto, é demasiado simplista analisar este movimento como uma tentativa de independência à semelhança da Rodésia. Tratava-se, antes, do sonho de um “Novo Brasil”.
Joice Menezes Lupinetti, Adriana Marques de Oliveira
O presente artigo delineia uma proposta com base nos fundamentos da/para constituição de um Pequeno Grupo de Pesquisa (PGP) desenvolvido com um grupo de professores/as multidisciplinar de uma escola e uma universidade pública que estudou sobre música e técnica vocal. A questão básica mobilizadora foi: como a música, especialmente a técnica vocal, pode contribuir na formação de professores/as num Pequeno Grupo de Pesquisa (PGP)? A natureza da pesquisa foi qualitativa, tipificada como participante. A constituição do material empírico foram os relatos tecidos pelos/as professores/as, os quais foram analisados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo, fundamentado nos pressupostos da Bardin. A partir das análises realizadas emergiram duas categorias, as quais foram: voz no trabalho docente e as contribuições da técnica vocal para a formação do/a Professor/a; a música como recurso didático e suas contribuições em sala de aula.
ABSTRACT: Reducing the dietary crude protein (CP) concentration can decrease the financial cost and lower the environmental impact of milk production. Two studies were conducted to examine the effects of reducing the dietary CP concentration on animal performance, nutrient digestibility, milk fatty acid (FA) profile, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE; milk N/N intake) in dairy cows fed legume silage-based diets. Thirty-six multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows that were 76 ± 14 (mean ± SD) days in milk and 698 ± 54 kg body weight were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design in each of 2 studies, with 3 periods of 28 d. In study 1, cows were fed diets based on a 50:50 ratio of red clover to grass silage [dry matter (DM) basis] containing 1 of 3 dietary CP concentrations: high (H) = 175 g of CP/kg of DM; medium (M) = 165 g of CP/kg of DM; or low (L) = 150 g of CP/kg of DM. In study 2, cows were fed 175 g of CP/kg of DM with a 50:50 ratio of alfalfa to corn silage (H50) or 1 of 2 diets containing 150 g of CP/kg of DM with either a 50:50 (L50) or a 60:40 (L60) ratio of alfalfa to corn silage. Cows in both studies were fed a total mixed ration with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 52:48 (DM basis). All diets were formulated to meet the MP requirements, except L (95% of MP requirements). In study 1, cows fed L ate 1.6 kg of DM/d less than those fed H or M, but milk yield was similar across treatments. Mean milk protein, fat, and lactose concentrations were not affected by diet. However, the apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility was decreased in cows fed L. The NUE was 5.7 percentage units higher in cows fed L than H. Feeding L also decreased milk and plasma urea concentrations by 4.4 mg/dL and 0.78 mmol/L, respectively. We found no effect of dietary treatment on the milk saturated or monounsaturated FA proportion, but the proportion of polyunsaturated FA was increased, and milk odd- and branched-chain FA decreased in cows fed L compared with H. In study 2, DM intake was 2 kg/d lower in cows receiving L50 than H50. Increasing the alfalfa content and feeding a low-CP diet (L60) did not alter DMI but decreased milk yield and milk protein concentration by 2 kg/d and 0.6 g/kg, respectively, compared with H50. Likewise, milk protein and lactose yield were decreased by 0.08 kg/d in cows receiving L60 versus H50. Diet had no effect on apparent nutrient digestibility. Feeding the low-CP diets compared with H50 increased the apparent NUE by approximately 5 percentage units and decreased milk and plasma urea concentrations by 7.2 mg/dL and 1.43 mmol/L, respectively. Dietary treatment did not alter milk FA profile except cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid, which was higher in milk from cows receiving L60 compared with H50. We concluded that reducing CP concentration to around 150 g/kg of DM in red clover and grass or alfalfa and corn silage-based diets increases the apparent NUE and has little effect on nutrient digestibility or milk performance in dairy cows.
The sense of optimism for the enlargement of the European Union in the near-future has been evaporating. A new strategy paper on EU enlargement which was issued by the European Commission in February 2018 seems to still be based on a ‘fatigue from expansion’ approach to enlargement, even though it states that Serbia and Montenegro ‘could potentially be ready for membership [by] 2025’. This paper discusses the bumpy road the Western Balkan states have faced towards EU accession from the early 2000s to the present day. In addition to more challenging domestic political and economic conditions, these states have also been required to meet tougher and more variable accession conditions in comparison to the post-communist states that joined the EU in and after 2004. The inconsistency and vagueness of the EU approach to the accession of the Western Balkan states remains the most important factor behind the continued postponements of their accession dates.
This paper deals with the perceptions of Europe as developed by the European populist radical right over the campaign for the 2019 European Parliament elections. The study is based on the public communications of three leading political parties in this spectrum: France’s Rassemblement national, Italy’s Lega and Germany’s Alternative für Deutschland. By applying image theory in international relations, the paper comes to the conclusion that the radical right managed to construct a relatively coherent image of the EU as a distant undemocratic actor in sharp contrast to the alternative narrative of one ‘Europe of fatherlands’ described in mostly civilisational terms.
Abstract
IVP is most widely used diagnostic modality in daily urologic practice. It is important to get optimum result for both patients and the physicians. Postponing the investigation due to invisualization by colonic gases cause late clinical evaluation and lost of time for the patients.
We evaluated visualization of the urinary system during excretory urography in 217 outpatients using 3 different laxative/purgative preparations available on the market. An anatomically based grading system was used to grade the radiographs. The radiographs were divided into right and left kidney, right and left ureter and bladder segments. A score of 1 was given to each section visualized. Score were added together for statistical analyses. In another group of 111 patients, KUB radiographs were taken without using laxative/purgative preparation, and were used as control group.
Preparation including sodium phosphate for bowel preparation showed better visualization of the urinary tract on excretory urograms in outpatient patients.
Este artículo revisa el perfil de la historiografía de las luchas revolucionarias latinoamericanas contemporáneas con perspectiva regional. Su objetivo es explicar el perfil de esa producción, sus rasgos generales más sobresalientes, sus aportes y carencias. Se centra sobre todo en los itinerarios y las interpretaciones globales a través de las cuales construir marcos explicativos para esa producción, a fin de identificar momentos, tendencias y corrientes en el interés por la temática. Y concluye haciendo referencia a las líneas de investigación que se estiman más promisorias en la perspectiva regional abordada.
1789-, Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
Between 1789 and 1815, thousands of French counter-revolutionaries chose exile rather than abide by the new political systems brought on by the Revolution, and later by Napoléon. A large number came to the British Isles. Contemporary documents demonstrate the French exiled community cohabited peacefully alongside a rather welcoming British society. Yet, self-narratives written after the Bourbon Restoration of 1815 described a different situation, in which French and British communities often clashed over behavioural and political distinctions. These discourses appeared to have further diverged from the event as time went by. This article does not mean to assess how traumatised the French émigré populations had been when driven to exile, but how the initial trauma, i.e the forced and lengthy separation from their motherland, was modified in later narratives and scholarship first to be utilised in the creation of national memories, and later in the formation of transnational ones. Focusing on the French memorial side of this transnational phenomenon, it aims to understand the political, social, and editorial agendas driving such modifications.
Habitualmente cuando hablamos de represión franquista, solemos pensar en fusilamientos y penas de cárcel. Evidentemente la justicia franquista fue mucho más, y quiso llegar también a las depuraciones laborales. Los que no estaban muertos o en prisión ahora tenían que hacer frente a la pérdida de su trabajo. Para conocer cómo funcionó toda esta maquinaria represiva, se han consultado los expedientes relacionados con la depuración de los funcionarios del ayuntamiento de Guadalajara y de la Diputación Provincial de Guadalajara. Partiendo de la ley que regulaba todo este proceso, se han analizado los casos relacionados con estas dos instituciones, estableciendo las partes que componían estos expedientes y el funcionamiento de ambos tribunales. Fruto de este análisis veremos como en algunos casos lo que hay es un cambio de “fichas”, funcionarios depurados en 1936 ahora recuperaban su puesto de trabajo, y otros que habían accedido al cargo en julio de 1936 ahora eran inhabilitados.
Habitually, when we talk about Francoism repression we tend to think about firing squad executions and prison sentences. Obviously, Franco’s justice meant much more than that and intended to reach labour purges. Those who were not dead or in prison had to face their job loss now. To know how this repression machine worked, the records related to the civil servant purges have been consulted, both in the City Council and the County Council of Guadalajara. On the basis of the law that regulated this process, the cases related to these two institutions have been analysed, establishing the parts that formed these files and the functioning of both courts. Fruit of this analysis, it will be seen how in some cases there is a change of “cards”; purged civil servants in 1936 could recover their positions, while those who had taken on their post in July 1936 were now barred.
History (General) and history of Europe, History (General)
The portion of oil could be estimated 33 % of global primary energy consumption in 2012 (BP, 2012) and its average price – beside the products produced from it as well - significantly increased, unlike the demand for transport which has been reduced. This tendency is expected to remain unchanged in the long run, therefore, there is a great importance for the variety of diesel fuel distributors, in comparison of the ratio value for each of them, and replacing them with biodiesel can be used in the comparison. We executed 3 dynamometer measurements performed to determine three different dealers purchased diesel oil, some economical examinations of the diesel oil retail price, and the use of biodiesel all based on the expected economic studies in the literature studies of extra fuel consumption values. The results of these tests indicate that the differences of consumption between diesel oils can be up to 5 %, the conclusion is that distinctions of diesel oil consumptions are almost the same when we tested the differences between diesel oil and biodiesel. This means we can reach the same result with a high quality biodiesel as with poor quality diesel oil. This also means that– below 20% of mixing ratio we can easily choose by prices alone. Between these prices and products ( D1, D2, D3), we can save 4.8% diesel oil by using D2, 6.2% diesel oil by using D3 compared to D1. There could be a little revolution variance (D2: 2.9-6%, D3: 4.9- 7.1%), but this variance is under 1% so it is negligible.
The Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in
the world. This forest is threatened by effect of climate change and manmade activities. The aim of this
paper is to show changes in vegetation cover of Sundarbans since 1975 using Landsat imagery. Normalized
Difference Vegetation Index is applied to quantify and qualify density of vegetation on a patch of
land. Estimated land area (excluded water body) of this forest is 66% in Bangladesh, and 34% in India,
respectively. Net erosion since 1975 to 2006 is ~5.9%. In vicinity of human settlement, areal changes are
not observed since 1975. The mangrove forest is decreased by 19.3% due severe tropical cyclone in 1977
and 1988. Moreover, the dense forest is damaged by about 50%. However, more than 25 years is taken
by Sundarbans to recover from damage by a severe tropical cyclone. The biodiversity of Sundarbans
depends to fresh water flow through it. Therefore, the future of Sundarbans depends to the impact of
climate change which has further effect to increasing intensity and frequency of severe tropical cyclone
and salinity in water channels in Sundarbans.
IDA AYU SRI PADMINI, LUH PUTU SUCIPTAWATI, MADE SUSILAWATI
This research aim to knowing the variables classification that distinguish graduated time student between proper time with not proper time on FMIPA Udayana Universities with use CHAID Method. This research conducted at FMIPA Udayana Universities, with research sample about 751 persons student graduated FMIPA Udayana Universities period February 2008 until August 2011. CHAID method produce 7 segment there are: student graduated from Biology department and Chemistry women gender; from Biology and Chemistry man gender; from Mathematic department and Physic with IPK?3,00; from Mathematic department and Physic with IPK>3,00 and thesis period?6 months; from Mathematic department and Physic with IPK>3,00 and period thesis>6 months; from Pharmacy as well as student graduated from Computer science department.
Este artículo analiza como la imagen histórica de Federica Montseny ha ido variando con el paso del tiempo. Para dicho análisis se utiliza una doble óptica: por un lado, la visión que nos aportan, a través de sus memorias, sus compañeros libertarios; y por otro, como es tratada, esa imagen, por la empresa publicista.
This article analyses Federica Montseny's historical image which has changed throughout time. A double point of view is used to do it: On one, hand the visión that her anarchist colleagues provide thorugh their memories, and on the other hand, we can see the way that her image has been treated by the standard press.
History (General) and history of Europe, History (General)
The article analyzes Marx's critique of the theme of human rights, based on his writings concerning the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Marx and Robespierre are confronted within the context of this analysis. After demonstrating the identity between the two concepts of freedom expounded by Robespierre and Marx and between the concept of resistance to oppression in Robespierre and that of political emancipation in Marx, the article concludes by contending the impossibility and inadequacy of recourse to Marx in the contemporary defense of human rights and their universalization.
Nació este ilustre canario en la Villa de San Sebastián de La Gomera, el día 9 de noviembre de 1757, en una vivienda, aún conservada, de la actualmente conocida como Calle del Medio.
History (General) and history of Europe, History (General)