Hasil untuk "math.AC"

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CrossRef Open Access 2023
On Iso-dense and Scattered Spaces without $$\textbf{AC}$$

Kyriakos Keremedis, Eleftherios Tachtsis, Eliza Wajch

AbstractA topological space is iso-dense if it has a dense set of isolated points, and it is scattered if each of its non-empty subspaces has an isolated point. In $$\textbf{ZF}$$ ZF (i.e. Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory without the Axiom of Choice ($$\textbf{AC}$$ AC )), basic properties of iso-dense spaces are investigated. A new permutation model is constructed, in which there exists a discrete weakly Dedekind-finite space having the Cantor set as a remainder; the result is transferable to $$\textbf{ZF}$$ ZF . This settles an open problem posed by Keremedis, Tachtsis and Wajch in 2021. A metrization theorem for a class of quasi-metric spaces is deduced. The statement “Every compact scattered metrizable space is separable” and several other statements about metric iso-dense spaces are shown to be equivalent to the axiom of countable choice for families of finite sets. Results related to the open problem of the set-theoretic strength of the statement “Every non-discrete compact metrizable space contains an infinite compact scattered subspace” are also included.

2 sitasi en
CrossRef Open Access 2023
Emerging Trends in MF/HF Isolated AC-AC/DC-AC/AC-DC Matrix Converter Topologies: A Comprehensive Review

Tahmin Mahmud, Hang Gao

<p>The isolated AC-AC/DC-AC/AC-DC matrix converter (MC) is an innovative topology with several benefits including minimum current harmonics, nearly unity power factor, <em>four quadrant</em> (4Q) operation, and bidirectional power flow, making it an ideal choice for energy conversion techniques. Unlike any other AC-AC/DC-AC/AC-DC topologies, the MC topology necessitates electrical <em>medium-frequency</em> (MF)/<em>high-frequency</em> (HF) isolation in order to offer single-stage power conversion. MF/HF power conversion topology has numerous advantages such as high-power density, reduced weight, and low noise while preserving converter’s efficiency, cost, and reliability. This paper aims to report an extensive analysis and classification of different conventional isolated single-stage AC-AC converter, DC-AC inverter, and AC-DC rectifier topologies along with their modified system architecture. In this paper, the AC-AC/DC-AC/AC-DC topologies are classified based on their system architecture, AC-side or DC-side drive techniques, and other subvariants. Our primary objective of this study is to impart a clear understanding of the overarching framework and principles of the isolated AC-AC/DC-AC/AC-DC MC topologies and stimulate the creation of new topologies that cater to specific grid-interconnection requirement.</p>

CrossRef Open Access 2018
AC-GORENSTEIN RINGS AND THEIR STABLE MODULE CATEGORIES

JAMES GILLESPIE

We introduce what is meant by an AC-Gorenstein ring. It is a generalized notion of Gorenstein ring that is compatible with the Gorenstein AC-injective and Gorenstein AC-projective modules of Bravo–Gillespie–Hovey. It is also compatible with the notion of $n$ -coherent rings introduced by Bravo–Perez. So a $0$ -coherent AC-Gorenstein ring is precisely a usual Gorenstein ring in the sense of Iwanaga, while a $1$ -coherent AC-Gorenstein ring is precisely a Ding–Chen ring. We show that any AC-Gorenstein ring admits a stable module category that is compactly generated and is the homotopy category of two Quillen equivalent abelian model category structures. One is projective with cofibrant objects that are Gorenstein AC-projective modules while the other is an injective model structure with fibrant objects that are Gorenstein AC-injectives.

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