Background/Objectives: While previous study results have suggested an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes with potato consumption, limited and inconsistent results are available on the association of potato consumption with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension (HTN). We assessed the associations of (i) total potato consumption with the risk of CVD and HTN as the primary aim and (ii) fried potatoes and combined baked, boiled, and mashed potatoes with the risk of CVD and HTN as the secondary aim. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis using data from seven cohorts for CVD (n = 110,063) and five cohorts for HTN (n = 67,146). Cox regression was used to estimate multivariable adjusted hazard ratios separately in each cohort and the cohort-specific results were meta-analyzed using an inverse-variance weighted method. Results: The mean age ranged from 25 to 72 years, 65% of the respondents were women, and the mean consumption of total potatoes ranged from 1.9 to 4.3 times per week. In the primary analysis, total potato intake was not associated with the risk of either CVD or HTN: multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) comparing 5+ servings/week to no potato intake: 0.96 (0.89–1.04) for CVD and 1.04 (0.99–1.08) for HTN. In secondary analyses, the consumption of combined baked, boiled, and mashed potatoes was not associated with CVD or HTN; while fried potato consumption was not associated with CVD risk, there was a 10% higher risk of HTN (95% CI: 4% to 17%) comparing 1+ servings/week to no fried potato intake. Conclusions: While the consumption of total potato was not associated with the risk of CVD or HTN risk, a modest elevated risk of HTN but not CVD was observed only with fried potato consumption.
Elena Ghotbi, Nikhil Subhas, Michael P. Bancks
et al.
Background/Objectives: Bisphosphonates may influence vascular calcification and atheroma formation via farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibition in the mevalonate pathway regulating bone and lipid metabolism. However, the clinical impact of NCB use on cardiovascular outcomes remains uncertain, largely due to methodological heterogeneity in prior studies. We aimed to evaluate the association between nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (NCB) therapy and coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression, as well as the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) events. Methods: From 6814 participants in MESA Exam 1, we excluded males (insufficient male NCB users in the MESA cohort), pre-menopausal women, baseline NCB users, and users of hormone replacement therapy, raloxifene, or calcitonin. Among 166 NCB initiators and 1571 non-users with available CAC measurements, propensity score matching was performed using the available components of FRAX, namely age, race, BMI, LDL cholesterol, alcohol, smoking, and steroid use, and baseline CAC yielded 165 NCB initiators matched to 473 non-users (1:3 ratio). Linear mixed-effects models evaluated CAC progression, and Cox models analyzed incident CVD and CHD events. Results: In the overall cohort, NCB use was not significantly associated with CAC progression (annual change: −0.01 log Agatston units; 95% CI: −0.05 to 0.01). However, among participants with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 65 mL/min/1.73 m2, NCB use was associated with attenuated CAC progression compared with non-users (−0.06 log Agatston units/year; 95% CI: −0.12 to −0.007). No significant association was observed between NCB use and incident CVD events in the overall cohort (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.60−1.36) or within kidney function subgroups. Conclusions: Incident NCB use among postmenopausal women with mild or no CAC at baseline was associated with reduced CAC progression only in women with impaired kidney function. However, this association did not correspond to a decreased risk of subsequent cardiovascular events, suggesting that the observed imaging benefit may not translate into meaningful clinical association.
Brian Wang, Brandilyn A. Peters-Samuelson, Kai Luo
et al.
Background/Objective: Alcohol consumption has been linked to alterations in gut microbiota and insulin resistance. The alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) gene plays a crucial role in alcohol catabolism, where rs1229984 variant carriers (CT/TT) catabolize ethanol at an 80-fold faster rate than non-carriers (CC). This study investigates the relationships between ADH1B gene rs1229984 mutation, alcohol consumption, gut microbiota, and insulin resistance. Methods: We performed cross-sectional analysis on fecal metagenomic sequencing data from diabetes-free participants in a longitudinal cohort of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We used Analysis of Composition of Microbiomes to identify gut microbial species associated with alcohol consumption in non-carriers (n = 1399) and carriers (n = 193). We constructed genotype-specific gut microbiome scores (GMSs) based on the identified species associated with alcohol consumption to examine how gut microbiota may influence the relationship between alcohol consumption and insulin resistance across ADH1B genotypes. Insulin resistance was defined as Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) > 2.5. Results: Distinct microbial species associated with alcohol consumption were identified in non-carriers (54 species) and carriers (16 species). In non-carriers, the genotype-specific GMS modified the relationship between alcohol consumption and insulin resistance (Pinteraction = 0.011). The odds ratios (OR) for insulin resistance with increasing alcohol consumption levels across low, moderate, and high tertiles of GMS were 0.75 (95%CI 0.58–0.96), 0.82 (0.67–1), and 1.13 (0.93–1.39), respectively. We identified that individual alcohol-related species, such as Prevotella copri, Ruminococcus callidus, and Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, modified the relationship between alcohol consumption and insulin resistance in non-carriers. Conclusions: This study suggests that the ADH1B gene rs1229984 mutation is associated with gut microbiota profiles altered by alcohol consumption. Our findings also suggest a potential role of gut microbiota in the protective association between alcohol consumption and insulin resistance in the ADH1B variant non-carriers.
This article discusses the importance of sound for virtual reality systems. For this, the emotional effects generated by sound are analyzed, and its contribution to the effect of immersion.
To measure how HCI papers are cited across disciplinary boundaries, we collected a citation dataset of CHI, UIST, and CSCW papers published between 2010 and 2020. Our analysis indicates that HCI papers have been more and more likely to be cited by HCI papers rather than by non-HCI papers.
Maíra Tristão Parra, Augusto César Ferreira De Moraes, Marcus Vinicius Nascimento-Ferreira
et al.
Introduction: Cross-sectional association between the neighborhood-built environment and physical activity (PA) has been demonstrated previously, indicating the importance of neighborhood perception characteristics such as walkability, safety, and the connectivity of streets on PA levels. Our study aimed to assess the longitudinal data from participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) to evaluate the potential relationship between perceived environment and PA patterns. Methods: We analyzed data from a subset of participants (n = 3097) with available PA data who participated in a prospective cohort conducted from 2000 to 2018. The exposure variables were the perceived aspects of the neighborhood environment and the perception of safety, and the outcome was patterns of PA. Patterns were defined as categories reflecting meeting versus not meeting PA guidelines over time. We created the following categories: adopters (individuals who did not meet guidelines at baseline but met guidelines at Exam 6), relapsers (individuals who met guidelines at baseline but did not meet guidelines at Exam 6), maintainers (individuals who met guidelines both at baseline and Exam 6), and insufficiently active (individuals who did not meet guidelines at either baseline or Exam 6). The maintainers’ group was considered the reference category. We estimated the relative risk to assess the magnitude effect of the association between environmental perceptions and the outcome. Results: Individuals who reported that lack of parks and playgrounds was “not a problem” in their neighborhood had a 2.3-times higher risk of decreasing their physical activity (i.e., the “relapser” category) compared to maintainers. After full adjustment, perceiving poor sidewalks as “somewhat a serious problem” was associated with a 64% lower risk of becoming an adopter than a maintainer. When compared to those who perceive the neighborhood as “very safe”, perception of the neighborhood as “safe” to “not at all safe” (ratings 3, 4, and 5, respectively, on the perceived safety scale) was significantly associated with being classified in the adopter category. Conclusions: As the first longitudinal study of the association of perceived environment and physical activity within the MESA cohort, we conclude that a few aspects are longitudinally associated with being physically active among adults.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema are characterized by functional and structural damage which increases the spaces for gaseous diffusion and impairs oxygen exchange. Here we explore the potential for hyperpolarized (HP) 3He MRI to characterize lung structure and function in a large-scale population-based study. Participants (n = 54) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) COPD Study, a nested case-control study of COPD among participants with 10+ packyears underwent HP 3He MRI measuring pAO2, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and ventilation. HP MRI measures were compared to full-lung CT and pulmonary function testing. High ADC values (>0.4 cm2/s) correlated with emphysema and heterogeneity in pAO2 measurements. Strong correlations were found between the heterogeneity of global pAO2 as summarized by its standard deviation (SD) (p < 0.0002) and non-physiologic pAO2 values (p < 0.0001) with percent emphysema on CT. A regional study revealed a strong association between pAO2 SD and visual emphysema severity (p < 0.003) and an association with the paraseptal emphysema subtype (p < 0.04) after adjustment for demographics and smoking status. HP noble gas pAO2 heterogeneity and the fraction of non-physiological pAO2 results increase in mild to moderate COPD. Measurements of pAO2 are sensitive to regional emphysematous damage detected by CT and may be used to probe pulmonary emphysema subtypes. HP noble gas lung MRI provides non-invasive information about COPD severity and lung function without ionizing radiation.
Given a simple concept that has the potential for a methodological contribution to the field of HCI, the constraints of submission conventions within the field may make it impossible to communicate the concept in a manner that is intelligible to the reader.
We propose "Aquanims" as new design metaphors for animated transitions that preserve displayed areas during the transformation. As liquids are incompressible fluids, we use a hydraulic metaphor to convey the sense of area preservation during animated transitions. We study the design space of Aquanims for rectangle-based charts.
Mixed reality experiences often require detailed narrative that can be used to craft physical and virtual design components. This work elaborates on a mentoring experience at the Carnegie Mellon's ETC to consider how improv games may be used ideate and iterate on storytelling experiences.
Cognitive assistance may be valuable in applications for doctors and therapists that reduce costs and improve quality in healthcare systems. Use cases and scenarios include the assessment of dementia. In this paper, we present our approach to the (semi-)automatic assessment of dementia.
Commentary on the article Fourteen Years of NIME: The Value and Meaning of Community in Interactive Music Research by A. Marquez-Borbon and P. Stapleton.
This paper investigates the performance of Deep Learning for speech emotion classification when the speech is compounded with noise. It reports on the classification accuracy and concludes with the future directions for achieving greater robustness for emotion recognition from noisy speech.