Judit Doma-Tarcsányi, Orsolya Bagdiné Fekete, Eszter Karlócainé Bakay
et al.
A természet sokféle módon képes hozzájárulni az emberi jóléthez, pozitív hatással van nemcsak a fizikális, hanem a mentális egészségünkre is. A városi zöldfelületek és azok növényzete jelentősen hozzájárul az urbánus környezet minőségének javításához, elsősorban a klímaváltozás hatásainak csökkentése, a szennyező anyagok megkötése és a városi hősziget hatás enyhítése révén. Az emberi tevékenységből származó kedvezőtlen hatások mérséklésén túl, fontos szerepük van az urbanizált környezet esztétikai minőségének, a hely identitásának és karakterének erősítésében. A növényeknek tehát az általuk nyújtott ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatások (ES=Ecosystem services) révén alapvető jelentőségük van a városok ellenálló képességének, valamint az ott élők életminőségének javításában és a helyhez való kötődésük erősítésében. Az ES fogalma és rendszere az elmúlt néhány évtizedben egyre széles körben használt, hangsúlyos koncepcióvá vált. Számos szakirodalom foglalkozik a növények által nyújtott szolgáltatásokkal, kiemelt jelentőséget tulajdonítva fáknak, a lágyszárú növények azonban kisebb hangsúlyt kapnak ezekben a kutatásokban, szerepük kissé alábecsült, kisebb termetük, lombtömegük és rövidebb élettartamuk okán. Jelen kutatásunk a vonatkozó szakirodalmak áttekintésére alapozva azt vizsgálja, hogy a lágyszárú növények milyen funkciókat tölthetnek be a városi zöldfelületek ökoszisztémáiban és milyen szolgáltatásokat nyújthatnak a környezetükben élők számára. Célunk, hogy a városi lágyszárú felületek tervezésekor a növényválasztási szempontok között megjelenjen és hangsúlyos legyen a kontextusnak megfelelő ES maximalizálása.
Abstract The city is observed and shaped by the development and transformation of its dynamics during the process. Urban morphologies research; analyze the transformation and formation of physical forms of cities in the historical process and transformation. Morphological studies are examined from different perspectives in many countries in a wide range and are spreading to different geographies day by day. English School, one of the pioneers of these studies, MRG Conzen examines morphology through historical–geographical perspective, while Italian school S. Muratori evaluates morphology through typological processes point of view. MRG Conzen, who started to examine morphology at macro-scale in planning processes, and JWR Whitehand, MP Conzen, and M. Bark, who had a great influence on the development of these theories, examined urban morphology in the context of (a) town plan, (b) townscape, and (c) fringe belts by the means of planning level. On the other hand, S. Muratori and his continuation G.F. Cannigia, who examine micro-scale morphology from an architectural point of view, advance urban morphology within the scope of (a) buildings, (b) urban tissue, and (c) urban organism. The studies created by these two schools also have an important place in the discussion of rehabilitation and protection plans on theory. Suggestions and solutions for the practical application of theory, which is being discussed today, are actually examples of the practical analysis of these studies. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine and put into practice the morphological analysis methods, which are considered together with the architectural scale theories and practices, starting from historical–geographical approach within the scope of planning scale and typological procedural approach on rehabilitation and renewal projects. While doing all this, it is to examine the role of local users, NGOs, governmental bodies, and municipalities (local bodies) at every stage of these projects and the place of their inclusion in the project in practice. The results of this research will lead both the planners and architects in rehabilitation and renovation projects, by creating a basis for the method, and how the method will be analyzed in terms of morphology in future studies and its reflections on practice.
The article deals with community resilience-oriented urban renewal in a geographical periphery, and the characteristic patterns of public housing built in the 1950s and 1960s. When the existing fabric is well-established and effectively serves the residents, demolition and redevelopment may not be the most strategic approach if they undermine the internal resilience of public housing based on functionality. The article addresses the question of how to add new construction and a new population to these patterns of public housing in the periphery without affecting the community resilience of longtime residents and the sense of urban vitality and innovation of the new population. In order to address this question, we examined the built environment’s qualities in relation to the population’s resilience. Specifically, we conducted a quality analysis of the built environment focusing primarily on walkability and connectivity, diversity and land uses, open public spaces, and visibility to internal and external views. The findings of the analysis recommend developing a multiple urban spatial network relying on the longtime community’s resilience and a new spatial network for the newcomers. This is a potentially win–win solution. The old neighborhoods remain, while at the same time an additional layer of housing and other land uses will be developed along the edges of existing neighborhoods. The proposed analysis will be demonstrated on the peripherical city of Kiryat Yam.
The crucial role of urban industrial land redevelopment in sustainable urban renewal has garnered widespread attention. While some scholars have explored the interest game among stakeholders in industrial land redevelopment, they primarily focus on the government-led model. Moreover, there remains a research gap concerning the impact of government intervention on the redevelopment of industrial land. This article utilizes evolutionary game theory to investigate the interest game between local governments and original land users in the model of urban industrial land redevelopment dominated by original land users. We establish evolutionary game models considering incentives and the combination of incentives and regulations, explore the interest balance strategy, and examine the impact of positive incentives and mandatory regulations on industrial land redevelopment. Furthermore, we employ a numerical simulation to unveil the impact of initial strategies and parameter adjustments on game strategy. The research results are as follows: (1) Under the original land user-led redevelopment model, only two evolutionary stability strategies exist: either the original land users implement industrial land redevelopment with positive responses from local governments, or neither party advances the process. (2) Government intervention is pivotal in facilitating the redevelopment of inefficient industrial land as economic subsidies and punitive measures motivate more participants to adopt proactive strategies. (3) The increase in government support positively correlates with the likelihood of industrial land redevelopment implementation by original land users. (4) The interests and costs of original land users emerge as crucial parameters influencing strategic decisions. This study enriches the understanding of the interests of core participants in industrial land redevelopment and provides valuable insights for sustainable urban renewal.
Prior studies find that neighbourhoods abutting gentrifying spaces are viewed as ideal for capital investments and thereby subjected to increased police attention. Yet the categorical operationalisation of gentrification in such work presents limitations, particularly given that it is a spatial process. This area of scholarship also warrants a theoretical explanation of the diffusion of urban redevelopment and disorder policing. We address these voids by integrating the literatures of urban studies and crime and deviance to theorise the linkage between nearby gentrification and disorder policing. Using negative binomial regression models to analyse three years of arrest records from the Washington, DC Metropolitan Police Department, we find that the occurrence of gentrification in nearby block groups is associated with increased order maintenance arrests in the average block group. This work demonstrates that the risk of disorder-related regulation extends beyond the bounds of high-value communities, further exposing socioeconomically marginalised groups to the risks of criminal justice contact.
Introduction: This paper examines a type of real estate speculation that plays a key role in urban redevelopment, characterized by densification and unaffordability. Purpose of the study: The study aims to analyze how pericentral housing in the form of a garden city is being subjected to incremental renewal in the historic core of Setif, Algeria. It reflects on UN Sustainable Development Goal #11, Sustainable Cities and Communities, in terms of relationships between housing densification, loss of green spaces, and socio-economic implications. Methods: We used a survey strategy based on observation and a sustainability indicator questionnaire as quantitative sources as well as semi-structured interviews and focus groups as qualitative sources. Results: Our study revealed that the typological shift from single-family houses to multi-family apartment buildings is not driven by changing housing preferences, but rather by a profit-oriented land-use strategy. This shift has led to affordability issues and gentrification, which in turn challenge socioeconomic cohesion. The process of densification and apartmentization causes the erosion of the architectural character of buildings and the physical characteristics of the neighborhood. The study emphasizes the importance of proactive, participatory, and inclusive methods in urban planning and management for a bottom-up approach to counteract speculative neighborhood renewal driven by liberal policies. It proposes a densification toolkit to promote the principles expressed in the sustainable development goals (SDGs).
With societal progress, urban brownfields have become restrictive, and redevelopment studies have become an important part of urban renewal. In this work, we developed a two-step model for urban brownfield redevelopment, while considering the Wangping brownfield as the study area. Site suitability evaluation models for brownfield parks, agricultural picking gardens, and creative industrial centers were developed based on the elevation, slope, and surface runoff, and the evaluation results were categorized into five levels. The redevelopment plan was formulated based on these evaluation results. To study the effect of the plan, a transition matrix of land use was assessed using satellite images and the cellular automata (CA)–Markov model; based on the analysis, we predicted the land use situation of the Wangping brownfield, with respect to natural development, for 2030. A comparison of the redevelopment planning with the forecasted results revealed that the proportions of grassland, construction, and unused land decreased by 25.68, 3.12, and 2.38% and those of plowland and forest land increased by 6.61 and 24.57%. This confirms the advantages of redevelopment planning for restoring plowland and increasing biological carbon sinks. Notably, our two-step urban brownfield redevelopment model can enrich the current research on urban brownfields and guide similar urban renewal projects.
Policy capacity is described as a determinant for effective policy implementation. Its contents vary according to modes of governance. Based on available academic studies, grey literature, and semi-structured interviews, this study empirically explores how urban village redevelopment has been carried out in two cities, Hangzhou and Guangzhou, through the lens of policy capacity. By contrasting policy outcomes and the manifestation of policy capacity at different levels in these two cities, we develop three arguments that contribute to our understanding of urban renewal and policy capacity. Firstly, the performance of any policy action is affected by the capacity of the central actor to develop and implement policies. Secondly, understanding the interactive logical between analytical, operational, and political capacities under different governance modes is the key to understanding the strengths and weaknesses of policy capacity in a specific sector. Shaped by local contexts and past experience, local governments are predisposed to path dependence in developing and deploying policy capacity in urban village redevelopment. Thirdly, the capabilities and resources needed to support policies are largely determined by policy problematization at the analytical level: the technique-based approach of policy capacity theory needs to complete the missing link between policy framing and ethical issues.
This paper investigates the potential for creating walkable communities in Riyadh using a qualitative research methodology. This approach encompassed: (1) systematic selection of international case studies renowned for their walkability strategies, (2) critical comparative analysis of these case studies, and (3) extraction of a Walkability model to derive strategic guidelines and recommendations tailored to Riyadh’s context. Through literature review, four international case studies emblematic of effective walkability practices were examined. Key themes and strategies that emerged from these analyses included integrated public transit, compact urban design, pedestrian infrastructure, community engagement, cultural considerations, and context-sensitive innovation. Based on these themes we threaded a comprehensive model for sustainable walkability in Riyadh. To assess such model, we extracted conceptual framework and suggested future hypotheses for future studies. By synthesising these findings, the research proposed a walkability model to advance Riyadh’s transformation into a walkable city.
Oluwafemi Kehinde AKANDE, Lilian Chioma OBI-GEORGE, Jonam Jacob LEMBI
et al.
The outbreak of COVID-19 and its consequences have altered people's perceptions of the availability of high-quality housing. Nigeria, the most populous country in sub-Saharan Africa, has taken many initiatives to address its growing population's housing demands. However, considerable focus has been placed only on housing quantity at the expense of housing quality. This study aims to investigate the interplay of factors affecting the provision of high-quality public housing projects in Nigeria. The objective is to identify the factors that significantly influence project success and failure in the delivery of quality public housing projects. A descriptive survey design with 351 randomly selected households and built environment experts (BEPs) was used. A self-developed structured questionnaire was used to collect data from households, buildings, and professionals over the course of three months. The findings indicate that in several buildings, the indoor air temperature and relative humidity extend acceptable limits (for example, 28 °C and 70% RH), which can have an effect on indoor air quality. Meanwhile, responses from the BEPs revealed that in order to develop high-quality housing, adequate project financing, evaluation of suitable building materials, and project management expertise were required. The study's conclusion emphasises that considering only the number of houses required to accommodate Nigeria's growing urban population is insufficient; rather, other factors such as appropriate design for improved air quality, high-quality and appropriate building materials, adequate project financing, and project management expertise would result in the quality delivery of livable public housing in Nigeria.
Sébastien Lord, Mariana Alves de Souza, Edgar Schnepp
et al.
Aging at home is a trajectory that governments have been promoting for many years, and that seniors and their families appreciate. However, aging at home is not a static or linear experience. As people's lives evolve, so do their neighbourhoods, placing individuals in different situations, more or less favourable from the point of view of inclusion, participation and, more broadly, control of their residential environment. This dual evolution is particularly visible in the immigrant areas of metropolitan agglomerations like Montréal. The environments in which both immigration and aging are concentrated vary widely in terms of urban form (inner-city, peri-urban, suburbs, etc.) and urban dynamics (renewal, requalification, gentrification, etc.). These differentiated dynamics sometimes correspond to favoured areas that may be experiencing impoverishment, and sometimes refer to areas undergoing relatively significant social and economic change, posing challenges for urban policies that are just as challenging. Using the concept of residential normalcy, we look at 3 types of living environments (established immigrant communities, requalifying communities, and sprawled immigrant communities). Seniors achieve residential normalcy when they report generally positive feelings about their living environments, the people, groups or institutions that shape their daily lives, and the activities they are able to choose and carry out. Many of the factors that exclude established immigrant communities are related to access to urban resources, particularly institutional recognition. If access to mobility and transportation is a factor of fragility, to be able to follow the trajectory of the community of belonging in the agglomeration, the anchoring of the community of belonging in its environment is a strong factor of inclusion. For areas undergoing redevelopment or sprawling, it's the very location and presence of urban resources that raises questions, giving visibility to individuals and communities. This issue of (in)visibility involves a number of ordinary places (shopping centres, vacant spaces of all kinds, etc.), but these are undergoing major transformation, and their control is not guaranteed. The cases of two Montréal boroughs, Parc-Extension and Montréal-Nord, and the City of Brossard, provide an opportunity to discuss the policies.
Economic history and conditions, Economics as a science
The aim of this study is to highlight the challenges of sustainable urban renewal and redevelopment project faced by key stakeholders and project implementers based on a case study i.e. the Darul Hana Redevelopment Program in Kuching, Sarawak. Urban renewal in developing country often involves redevelopment of congested and unplanned settlements or dilapidated brownfield areas into a liveable, vibrant, sustainable, neighbourhood and new urban centres. This is fundamental and equally complex approach to promote sustainable development and improve the quality of life of the people. The method involves interviewing key experts i.e. officials from Ministry of Natural Resources and Urban Development Sarawak, Land and Survey Department, Land Custody and Development Authority and Private Consultant. Transcriptions of the in-depth interviews of the key informants are thematically analysed. The key findings reveal that improving the quality of life, sustainable environment, spur economic growth for the benefit of the impacted population through urban renewal or redevelopment is a complex process. The core elements of sustainable development are the areas that require political will, governance, administrative and governance require reforms; provision of infrastructure, facilities and heritage preservation; regulations and guidelines need to be improved; and stakeholder and public participation in planning must be intensified.
Building construction accounted for more than 40% of global energy consumption and 30% of greenhouse gas emissions. It is essential to understand embodied carbon in buildings at the neighbourhood level, as after construction, it will be locked there for several years. This study aims to analyze the embodied energy (EE) of the neighbourhood for redevelopment scenarios using (UBEM). The study area chosen was Rasta Peth, Pune. The primary sources of embodied energy were discovered by analyzing existing dense neighbourhoods. Massing cases for redevelopment scenarios were created according to UDCPR guidelines. A comparative analysis of EE between the redeveloped 2030 scenarios was conducted. The research results show that the low carbon 2030 scenario has 27.9% lower EE than the conventional scenario. The findings emphasized the importance of embodied energy in sustainability strategies for urban planners and policymakers. This research contributed valuable insights for reducing embodied energy in urban areas.
ABSTRACT Authorities often adopt rehabilitation or redevelopment strategies to enhance the built environment (BE) of urban villages to address issues like traffic congestion, pollution, and public security. There is a lack of investigation into the specific impacts of the built environment on bus usage in urban villages with different renewal strategies. We utilized data from the 2018 Zhuhai resident survey and employed the XGB-SHAP model to examine the non-linear relationship and threshold effects of the BE on transit usage in urban villages undergoing rehabilitation or redevelopment. The finding indicated that travel time and distance are the most influential factors, while the density of bus stops and employment density have the greatest impact among the BE variables. The BE variables exhibit distinct nonlinear characteristics and display threshold effects, with significant difference in their performance. Our empirical evidence and policy implications provide valuable insights for promoting public transit usage in urban villages.
Abstract Chinese cities have experienced large-scale urban demolition and renewal. An extensive body of literature describes urban demolition and displacement through the dynamics of property-led redevelopment and gentrification. Rising social contestation is recently noted in the literature. However, a pilot project in Guangzhou introduced an approach of ‘micro-rehabilitation’ or ‘small-scale renovation’ (weigaizao) in 2015. Since then, it has become an exemplar of the new urban redevelopment policy in China. In this pilot project, generating land profits is not a policy objective. Rather, employment creation and neighbourhood conservation are explicitly required. We find that although the project is operated by Vanke, the major property developer in China, the change of policy from demolition to minor refurbishment and rehabilitation reflects the role of the state. Despite preserving the traditional housing style, the neighbourhood has been transformed from residential uses to offices, shops, museums and hotels for tourists. This micro-rehabilitation, in fact, has generated significant impacts.
This paper explores the politics of ‘waiting’ as a mode of governance in large-scale urban redevelopment projects. In designated renewal areas, residents/landowners are often subject to several episodes of waiting: waiting for the public authority for information on redevelopment visions; waiting for the plans and projects to become public; waiting for the court ruling if they appeal the plans; waiting for demolition upon plan approvals; and, finally, waiting for the constructions to be completed. Given the complexity of actors and institutions involved in the waiting, it becomes a conflictual political process. This prolonged waiting leads to an ongoing temporariness and precarious spaces of urban renewal. The course of waiting affects the reorganization of the city space “now” and in the future. We analyze two protracted urban renewal projects from Turkey, Fikirtepe in Istanbul and Karabaglar in Izmir, to explore how residents’ decade-long waiting for urban change are shaped and how these diverse waiting experiences lead to different outcomes for the progression of the state-imposed urban renewal agendas. While Karabaglar residents have unified around active bottom-up resistance from the beginning to challenge the project-based plans the central government imposed, Fikirtepe residents pursued individual-level negotiations with developers to maximize private returns following the zoning incentives the public authority gave. Despite the socio-spatial similarities between these designated urban renewal project sites, variances in residents’ collective waiting strategies have led to different urban politics around project-based urban change.
Using the Enninglu redevelopment project as a case, this article examines how local governments in China pacify urban protests, consolidate the political legitimacy of urban agendas, and re-regulate state-society relations through cultural policy-making. The Enninglu urban renewal project has experienced three waves of social resistance since 2006. Accordingly, the government has made three rounds of urban policy changes, successively incorporating heritage preservation policies, creative economy policies, and public participation policies in response to different social demands. The case of Enninglu illustrates that cultural city-making in China is not merely “state-led,” but is assembled in a process of conflict between the state and society at the local level. This article argues for bringing the perspective of “state-society relations” to the study of Asian cultural/creative cities and further proposes a “legitimacy framework” to conceptualize the mechanisms of urban cultural policy-making in the context of social resistance.
ABSTRACT This study seeks to enrich our understanding of the concept of growth coalition through analyzing the extended and changeable composition of the urban redevelopment growth coalition and its dynamic operation within the context of market-oriented urban village redevelopment in China. An analytical framework which combines growth coalition theory with the varieties of urban entrepreneurialism is developed. An in-depth investigation of a representative case of urban village renewal projects in Shenzhen has been further conducted to reveal the complex and dynamic processes of cooperating and competing for land-based interests within the coalition. Results show that the coalition of the Village Shareholding Companies (VSCs) and developers has become the key actor in initiating and implementing urban village redevelopment. Competition and cooperation between the cooperative developers and the local governments on provision of public infrastructures and between developers and the VSCs on the distribution proportion of land-based interests are key determinants in implementing the redevelopment.
Rapid urbanization is leading to a drastic hike in anthropogenic activities and urban surface alterations. As a result, there are many repercussions, one of them being higher temperatures in urban areas when compared to rural areas. This phenomenon is termed Urban Heat Island (UHI). The impacts of urban surface characteristics, climate, and population density on UHI have been extensively studied. However, the influence of UHI on the local climate remains elusive. Relatively few studies demonstrate interrelation between UHI, population density, and unanticipated precipitation events. Therefore, it is important to comprehend the connection as it can impact extreme temperature events like heat waves and unanticipated precipitation events like flash flooding. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between UHI, population density, and precipitation in the summer and winter seasons in Indian Western Coastal Cities. To comprehend this association, a hypothesis test employing the Spearman rank correlation coefficient is conducted for 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021. From the study, it is found that in summer, the surface temperature is directly proportional to population density and inversely proportional to precipitation. In winter the contrary relation is observed. This study also provides the seasonal variation and temporal evolution of the correlation among the parameters. This research will aid in making informed decisions for urban planning and addressing climate change.
Human existence is complemented by environmental sounds as by-products of people’s activities as well as intentionally generated sounds that allow human society to function, including transport and traffic sounds and notification sounds. The resulting soundscapes surround and permeate people’s daily existence. Technological, as well as behavioural change causes some of these sounds to become extinct at the local or universal level. While expressions of human communication through spoken words (language) and song are deemed to be heritage and thus formally collected and documented, there is a general lack of consideration of the heritage potential of anthropogenic environmental sounds. Focussing on examples from the state of NSW (Australia), this paper discusses sound loss in the urban heritage environment and advances two variations of a conceptual framework to assist heritage practitioners in decision-making to assess heritage potential in order to safeguard some of these sounds for the future.