Hasil untuk "Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc."

Kamaladin Gharanjig, Hamid Gharanjig, Hooman Imani et al.

Saikat Ghosh

N. Thombre, P. Patil, Ankita Yadav et al.

Letícia Küster, Bruna Porto, Catia Rosana de Aguiar et al.

Cotton fibers contain impurities that must be removed before dyeing/printing. Traditional hydrogen peroxide bleaching is energy- and time-intensive, requiring near-boiling temperatures and over 60 min. This study evaluates triacetin, peracetic acid, and performic acid as hydrogen peroxide activators to lower the temperature and process time in cotton bleaching. The best results were achieved with 0.9 g·L–1 triacetin and 1.0 g·L–1 peracetic acid at 80 °C for 30 min, reaching 61.1 Berger whiteness. Subsequent tests revealed a slight color difference in dyeings with triacetin (0.5 ΔE CMC2:1) and high dye affinity (103% tinctorial strength) compared to conventionally bleached samples. Lighter colors showed a greater bleaching influence. This result is 97% similar to that of conventional bleaching, suggesting a promising alternative for sustainable textile production. This approach stands out for its ability to reduce processing temperatures and times, resulting in lower energy consumption and greater efficiency while maintaining nearly the same fabric whiteness and dyeing quality as conventional methods. It also provides insights into color sensitivity during bleaching.

M. Ajam, M. K. Khoshgoftar Manesh

In the industry, the discussion of energy and exergy analysis has gained increasing importance due to human needs from the past to the present. In the textile industry, this analysis has only been implemented in a limited manner and in isolated units. Specifically, in the dyeing, printing, and finishing units, steam and hot oil energy is utilized for heating processes. This heating requirement is met by steam boilers and hot oil boilers, which are essential for the operation of an integrated system. Identifying factors of energy loss and pollutant production, along with applying energy improvement techniques in textile factories, can significantly reduce the problems associated with fossil fuels. To identify potential energy and environmental improvements, an energy audit was conducted throughout the Borujerd Textile Factory in Iran, which goes beyond previous fragmented and isolated assessments to provide a comprehensive review of the entire system. This audit integrated thermography and flue gas analysis to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of performance evaluation. By performing exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental (4E) analyses, the performance of the existing system was evaluated, providing a comprehensive overview of efficiency and the potential for improvements and optimizations. Environmental impact analysis was conducted using life cycle assessment in SimaPro for different sections of the plant. The results indicate that the most significant exergy destruction occurs in steam boilers and hot oil boilers, totaling 33.5 MW and 91%, respectively, as well as the washing after printing machine in the dyeing department, accounting for 3% of total exergy destruction due to high energy wastage and low efficiency in these devices. The cost rate of overall exergy destruction is estimated at $61.1 per hour. The highest environmental impacts were observed for steam boilers and the pad steam machine in the dyeing department, primarily due to the equipment's structure and the use of polluting materials that contribute to emissions from these devices. After the energy audit, the most effective solutions to the identified problems were proposed. It was also determined that the most significant heat loss occurs in pad steam machines, washing after printing, and bleaching washing machines.

A. Wolela

Pigment printing is the most popular method of printing all over the world. More than 80% of the printed goods are based on pigment printing. In principle, all types of fibers can be printed in pigment printing. Printing paste is the main constituent of printing which enables the formation of the predefined patterns. The printing paste for pigment printing generally contains pigments, emulsifiers, binders, softeners, thickeners, antifoaming agents, and crosslinking agents. The use of different auxiliaries depends upon various parameters such as style of printing, substrate to be printed, and dyes used for printing etc. Therefore it is necessary to give individual consideration to each of the printing paste constituents. Accordingly, an insight into the printing auxiliaries and their role in pigment printing was made in this paper. Besides, process of pigment printing, composition of printing paste, mechanism of printing, characteristics of pigment printing, and features of printing auxiliaries were discussed briefly. Furthermore, advantages and disadvantages of pigment printing were discussed in this paper. Textile auxiliaries play a vital role in the final outcome of a good quality printed product.

Maria L. Catarino, Filipa Sampaio, L. Pacheco et al.

The textile industry is among the most resource-intensive sectors, heavily dependent on water, energy, and synthetic chemicals, particularly in wet processing stages such as desizing, scouring, bleaching, dyeing, printing, and finishing. Conventional practices generate vast amounts of contaminated wastewater, posing severe risks to ecosystems and human health. In recent years, growing environmental concerns and stricter regulations have accelerated the search for sustainable alternatives. Biotechnology offers promising solutions, including enzymes, biopolymers, plant- and agrowaste-derived materials, and microbial metabolites, which can replace conventional auxiliaries and reduce the ecological footprint of textile processing. This review provides a structured overview of recent advances in bio-based compounds applied across different stages of textile wet processing. Applications are critically assessed in terms of performance, efficiency, environmental benefits, and potential for industrial adoption. Current limitations, future outlooks, and examples of commercially available products are also discussed. By highlighting the most recent progress, this review underscores the potential of bio-based innovations to support the transition toward more sustainable and resource-efficient textile manufacturing.

Penko Tadeja, Rudolf Andreja

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of body shapes of the studied group of women using different body shape classification methods. The objective was to investigate the fit of clothing for the average body shapes identified. Forty female participants from Slovenia, aged 20–30, were included in the analysis. Body shapes were classified using three methods: Visual assessment of body shape (VABS), female figure identification technique (FFIT), and body shape classification method (BSCM). For each classification method, ANOVA tests were performed to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in body measurements across the identified body shapes. A comparison of body shapes was carried out and also visualised by simulating 3D body shapes. The fit of clothing to body shapes was analysed with the help of virtual 3D prototyping. Four characteristic body shapes have been identified, namely triangle (pear, spoon), hourglass, rectangle and inverted triangle. The VABS method differs slightly from the other two (FFIT, BSCM), which give very similar results. When applying the FFIT and BSCM, the triangle body shape is the most representative, followed by the hourglass shape, the rectangle and the inverted triangle shape. Simulating the fit of the basic dress pattern design on 3D body shapes using the best match of dress size shows that the dress fits the hourglass shape best, while the fit for the other three shapes is inadequate. The latter indicates the need to make most of the garments for the triangle body shape and a corresponding number of garments for the hourglass and rectangle body shapes to ensure the correct fit of the garments.

Mączka Mariusz, Korzeniewska Ewa, Lebioda Marcin et al.

This study presents a numerical model designed to simulate the transport properties of textronic structures produced by physical deposition from the gas phase. For the numerical implementation of the model, the method of fundamental solutions was used, which was implemented using the author’s iterative algorithm. Such an approach is rarely used due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate solutions with optimal computational cost. The developed algorithm ensures good convergence of solutions (δk ≈ 5%) with acceptable computational time (t ≈ 180 s for 17 × 103 iterations). The software tool has options for calculating the electric field and density of current distributions for the given system power conditions. The ability to define a conductive path in three geometric dimensions makes it possible to study the effect of changes in the surface geometry on the resistance of the textronic structure. The accuracy of the model was verified by measuring the resistance of selected samples of simulated materials. The measurements confirmed the conclusions of the simulations about the clear dependence of the resistivity of the structure on the roughness of the conducting surface. The range of the largest changes in resistivity as a function of the surface roughness of the conducting path was also determined.

Muhammad Naoval Haris, M. Maghfiroh, Fainuzha Farhan Basyaib et al.

The use of kenaf fiber as an eco-friendly textile material faces challenges in the dye printing process, particularly due to its limited dye absorption. This study aims to investigate and optimize various pre-treatment methods on handloom kenaf fabrics for reactive dye printing. A laboratory-based factorial design was employed, testing four pre-treatment variations: untreated, scouring, bleaching, and a combination of scouring and bleaching. Evaluations focused on color fastness to washing, rubbing, and perspiration, following national and international testing standards. Results indicated that single bleaching treatment yielded the most optimal print outcomes, characterized by bright, uniform colors and superior fastness properties, especially under dry rubbing and washing. The combined scouring-bleaching method produced inconsistent results, likely due to fiber degradation caused by over-treatment. It is concluded that single-step bleaching is the most effective pre-treatment for reactive dye printing on handloom kenaf fabrics. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable textile processing based on natural fibers.

Jamoliddin Mirzaboyev, Mukhammadali Kakhramonov, Khurmatbek Jumaniyazov et al.

This research presents a comprehensive study on the development of high-performance photochromic textiles through microencapsulation of spiropyran dyes. The photochromic compound 1′,3′,3′-Trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indolin] was successfully encapsulated within a melamine-formaldehyde resin shell via in-situ polymerization and applied to 100% cotton fabric using a screen-printing technique. The microencapsulated fabric demonstrated excellent photochromic properties, showing rapid and reversible color switching from colorless to intense purple upon UV irradiation (365 nm). Kinetic analysis revealed a coloration time of 85 ± 12 ms and a bleaching time of 45 ± 6 seconds. Most significantly, the microencapsulation strategy drastically improved photostability, with the material retaining 94.2 ± 3.1% of its initial optical performance after 100 accelerated UV-visible fatigue cycles, compared to only 32.5 ± 7.8% retention for non-encapsulated spiropyran. The developed system offers exceptional resistance to environmental degradation while maintaining efficient photochromic response, making it highly suitable for advanced applications in dynamic camouflage, adaptive fashion, wearable sensors, and responsive protective textiles. This work provides a robust framework for enhancing the durability and functionality of smart textile systems.

Anmen Admas, Alemayehu Assefa, Mekonnen Tsegaye et al.

The commonly employed textile wet processing methods are singeing, de-sizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerising, dying, printing, and finishing. However, these methods are more time-consuming and require a lot of energy, manpower, and chemicals. Therefore, this research aims to develop a semi-continuous processing route that minimizes these problems. In this study, two dying routes were employed. The first is a control group, which was done by conventional mercerisation and dyeing procedures, whereas the second is a semi-continuous experimental group, which has been employed by mercerisation followed by wet-on-wet (WOW) reactive dying. That is, after mercerisation, the fabric, which contains the optimum alkali concentration, goes to dyeing without washing. Washing and titration were performed to determine the optimum alkaline concentration in the fabric at a specific washing cycle. Fabrics that were washed at different cycles after mercerisation were dyed, and their washing fastness, degree of dye exhaustion, fixation, and colour strength were evaluated, and they had a slightly greater colour strength than conventionally dyed fabrics. This is because with a wet-on-wet dyeing procedure, the fabric is relaxed after mercerisation, which allows it to absorb more dye, and the leftover alkali in the fabric is used to fix the dye to the cellulose. The study shows that the optimal washing cycle for passing the optimum alkali concentration is one. Furthermore, the optimal amount of alkali remaining in the fabrics is 3–3.5%. As compared to the conventional dyeing process, this process is economical.

Avinash Pradip Manian, Thomas Bechtold, Tung Pham

Ren Xiangfang, Niu Sijia, Huang Xinyi

Based on the current process of clothing design and development, as well as research and analysis of domestic and foreign literature, this article guides the current digitalization status of the front-end and back-end of the clothing industry and proposes the research problem of this topic. Through clothing design modeling (physical model and design of fabrics, collision detection analysis between human body and fabrics, clothing fabric rendering, and flexible 3D clothing simulation model) and dynamic virtual display of clothing, an effective method to solve the problem is constructed. It has been found that during the design phase, the real effect of clothing fabrics can be realistically restored, and the development speed can be improved, reducing labor costs. At the same time, dynamic simulation display can be used to solve the cost waste problem of sample materials. It can also improve the product selection rate and design level, and solve cost and time problems at the source.

Bismark Sarkodie, Q. Feng, Changhai Xu et al.

Caisheng Qiu, Aliya Baitelenova, HuaJiao Qiu et al.

Oil flax stems are often burnt because of the low fiber content; this issue is especially serious in Kazakhstan. To solve this problem, this study aimed to determine which flax resources could exhibit a significant increase in stem yield without a decrease in seed yield. In a previous study in 2019, we tested seven types of flax stems at the research site of the S. Seifullin KATU campus. Here, a further investigation of the same resources, which was conducted in 2020, is described. According to the results, the UF03, UF05, and UF06 showed higher dynamics of plant height in the budding and blooming stages compared to a local Kazakhstani variety; this result greatly differed compared with the data from 2019. UF03 yielded the best oil quality, especially in terms of the linolenic acid and linoleic acid contents. UF02 had good performance in terms of yield and the largest fat content of all resources. More foreign flax resources should be introduced to improve the development of the flax industry in Kazakhstan.

Scolastica Manyim, Ambrose K. Kiprop, Josphat Igadwa Mwasiagi et al.

Coloured textile products are more marketable, and are therefore always in higher demand. This has increased the use of synthetic dyes in the textile industry, thus raising environmental pollution associated with synthetic dyes. Natural dyes have been shown to be suitable alternatives. However, the use of metallic mordants during dyeing means the process is not eco-friendly, hence the need to develop bio-mordants that can be used as alternatives to some toxic metallic mordants. In this study, the effects of bio-mordants on the dyeing properties of Euclea divinorum Hiern (Ebenaceae) dye extract were assessed using different mordanting methods on cotton fabric. Dyeing characteristics were evaluated in terms of colour fastness and colour strength. Antioxidant textile finishing properties of the natural dye on cotton fabric was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) method. The bio-mordants improved the colour strength for dyed cotton fabric from 0.612 to 0.863 and 0.911 for the cotton fabric mordanted with mango and rosemary, respectively. This study identified an important basis of suitable bio-mordants that can be applicable when dyeing cotton fabric with E. divinorum natural dye. In addition, the good antioxidant activity of 72.5% indicates that E. divinorum dye extract is a promising agent for the future development of bioactive, protective and health textile fabric.

Stylianos Vasileios Kontomaris, Andreas Stylianou, Georgios Chliveros et al.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool that enables imaging and nanomechanical properties characterization of biological materials. Nanofibers are the structural units of many biological systems and their role in the development of advanced biomaterials is crucial. AFM methods have proven to be effective towards the characterization of fibers with respect to biological and bioengineering applications at the nanoscale. However, both the topographical and mechanical properties’ nanocharacterizations of single fibers using AFM are challenging procedures. In particular, regarding imaging procedures, significant artifacts may arise from tip convolution effects. The geometrical characteristics of the AFM tip and the nanofibers, and the fact that they have similar magnitudes, may lead to significant errors regarding the topographical imaging. In addition, the determination of the mechanical properties of nanofibers is also challenging due to their small dimensions and heterogeneity (i.e., the elastic half-space assumption is not valid in most cases). This review elucidates the origins of errors in characterizing individual nanofibers, while also providing strategies to address limitations in experimental procedures and data processing.

Arul Jeya Kumar Arputham, Selwyn Jebadurai Devaraj, Manivanan Usaladi et al.

This research is a study on the mechanical behavior of novel natural composites consisting of Aegle marmelos fruit resin and epoxy resin as matrix, basalt mat fibers, and Aegle fruit shell powder as reinforcement and fillers, respectively. The composites were fabricated using a hand-lay molding process having five layers of basalt mat fiber and Aegle marmelos shell powder with epoxy/Aegle resins as a matrix. Five weight fraction samples were fabricated, namely EB (basalt and epoxy), EBAP (basalt, epoxy, and Aegle shell Powder), EBAR1 (basalt, epoxy, and 100 g of Aegle resin), EBAR2 (basalt, epoxy, and 150-g Aegle resin), and EBARP (basalt, epoxy, 100 g of Aegle resin, and Aegle shell Powder). The specimens of ASTM standards for various tests were prepared using a water jet cutting process. The specimens were subjected to tensile, flexural, and impact testing. The EBARP composite showed better tensile, flexural, and impact strength, compared to other composites. The composites were subjected to FTIR analysis to understand the existence of bonds in the resin. 1,3-butadiene, vitamin A, and ethylene were noted in the FTIR analysis. Scanning electron microscopy images of the composites revealed strong bonding between the fiber and the matrices.